Term
| True or False: The cranial nerves (except CN II-Optic) are considered part of the peripheral nervous system? |
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Definition
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Term
| True or False: Cranial nerves can also carry both sensory and motor information? |
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Definition
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Term
| 12 Cranial Nerves Mnemonic |
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Definition
| "On Old Olympus Towering Tops, A Finn and German Viewed Some (spinal accessory) Hops" |
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Term
| Motor vs. Sensory CN Mnemonic |
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Definition
| "Some Say Marry Money But My Brother Says Big Butts Mean More" |
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Term
| The autonomic nervous system is further divided into what systems? |
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Definition
| Parasympathetic & Sympathetic |
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Term
Constricts pupils
Stimulates tear glands
Strong stimulation of salivary flow
Inhibits heart, dilates arterioles
CONSTRICTS BRONCHI
Stimulates stomach motility and secretion, stimulates pancreas
Contracts bladder
Stimulates erection |
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Definition
Parasympathetic Division
"Rest & Digest"
"Feed & Breed"
"P for Point" |
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Term
Dilates pupils
No effect on tear glands
Weak salivary flow
Accelerates heart, constricts arterioles
DILATES BRONCHI
Inhibits stomach motility, pancreas and adrenals
Relaxes bladder
Stimulates ejaculation |
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Definition
Sympathetic Division
"Flight or Fight"
"S for Shoot" |
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Term
| Preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system originate in the intermediolateral grey horn of the spinal cord between_______ and ________also called the __________ division, which forms the sympathetic chain? |
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Definition
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Term
| True or False: The sympathetic nervous system preganglionic fibers are short, whereas the postganglionic fibers are long and unmyelinated? |
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Definition
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Term
| The autonomic pathway contains how many neurons? |
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Definition
| 2; pre- and post-ganglionic fibers |
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Term
| The SHORT preganglionic fibers release what at the junction? |
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Definition
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Term
| Acetylcholine attaches to the ________ receptors at the sympathetic nervous system preganglionic junctions? |
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Definition
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Term
| The long, unmyelinated (SNS) postganglionic fibers synapse with the _______ organ and secrete ________? |
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Definition
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Term
Norepinephrine attaches to ______ and ______ receptors (choose below)?
a. Afferent/Efferent
b. Delta/Gamma
c. Alpha/Beta
d. Sigma/Theta |
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Definition
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Term
| True or False: The preganglionic fibers exit the spinal cord via the anterior ventral root and enter the sympathetic chain? |
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Definition
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Term
| True or False: The preganglionic fibers which enter the sympathetic chain are stationary and DO NOT ascend or descend at the level from which they were generated? |
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Definition
| False: they may ascend, descend or synapse at the level from which they are generated |
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Term
| The LONG postganglionic fiber ends on? |
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Definition
| the organ:-) (sounds kinda dirty) |
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Term
| Stellate ganglia is formed by the inferior _______ and first _______ ganglia. |
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Definition
Cervical & Thoracic
(eye, lachrymal glands, salivary glands, sweat glands, hair follicles & blood vessels of head, neck & arms) |
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Term
| Side effects of blocking the Stellate Ganglia? |
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Definition
Horner's Syndrome
(IPSILATERAL, miosis, ptosis, anhydrosis, flushing, increased skin temperature, nasal stuffiness/congestion)
Miosis=pupil constriction (blocking SNS)
Ptosis=eye droop
Anhydrosis=no sweating on side of face |
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Term
| The adrenal medulla is the major organ of what system? |
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Definition
| Sympathetic Nervous System |
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Term
| The adrenal medulla secretes what two catecholamines? Which one is secreted in a greater quantity? |
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Definition
Epinephrine (great quantities)
Norepinephrine (little) |
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Term
| The adrenal medulla consists of (1) type of neuron (pre or post) ganglionic fibers? |
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Definition
| Pre-ganglionic (NO post-ganglionic fibers); Epinephrine is stimulated to be released (via the release of ATCH) from the preganglionic fibers |
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Term
| Autonomic sweating is produced by (sympathetic/parasympathetic) nervous system? (choose one) |
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Definition
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Term
| Sweating is produced when the preganglionic fiber secretes ATCH and the postganglionic fiber secretes (Norepinephrine/ATCH)? (choose one) |
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Definition
| ATCH-Acetylcholine is not just a parasympathetic neurotransmitter, but can be released by the sympathetic nervous system postganglionic fibers which secrete ATCH resulting in muscarinic stimulation of sweat glands. |
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Term
| The "rest & digest" parasympathetic division is also known as the craniosacral division and arises from what cranial nerves? |
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Definition
| CN II, VII, IX, X (also arises from S1-S5) |
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Term
| The parasympathetic preganglionic fibers are (short/long) and are (myelinated/unmyelinated)? |
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Definition
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Term
| ATCH is released from the parasympathetic preganglionic fibers and attach to (nicotinic/muscarinic) receptors on the postganglionic fibers? |
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Definition
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Term
| The postganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic nervous system are (short/long) and (myelinated/unmyelinated)? |
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Definition
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Term
| The postganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic nervous system release (norepinephrine/ATCH) at the organ which attaches to (nicotinic/muscarinic) receptors? |
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Definition
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Term
| Constricts pupils, salivation, decreases heart rate, constricts coronary vessels, contracts bladder, constricts bronchioles, increases peristalsis, erection, stimulates insulin release... |
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Definition
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Term
| Dilates pupils, sweating in large amounts (cholinergic), piloerection, increases heart rate and contraction force, dilates coronary vessels, relaxes bladder, dilates bronchioles, decreased digestive activity, release RENIN to increase BP, ejaculation, increase coagulation rates, increase metabolic rates, stimulates adipose tissue breakdown, increased mental alertness, dilates blood vessels serving skeletal muscle (cholinergic), inhibits insulin secretion (Epinephrine gtts cause elevated blood sugar levels) |
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Definition
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Term
| Who is the 'BOSS' of the autonomic nervous system? |
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Definition
| Hypothalamus; anterior/medial regions direct the PSNS and the posterior/lateral regions direct the sympathetic functions |
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Term
| These centers in the hypothalamus control directly via the ________ _________ (e.g., the cardiovascular centers in the medulla oblongata, respiratory centers in the MO and pons, etc.)? |
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Definition
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Term
| The _______ system of the hypothalamus mediates the "flight or fight" EMOTIONAL response to situations? |
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Definition
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Term
| The relationship between the hypothalamus and the ________ and periaquaductal _______ matter allow us to respond to fear |
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Definition
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