Term
| What are the (four) components of the brain? |
|
Definition
| Cerebrum, Diencephalon, Cerebellum, Brain Stem |
|
|
Term
| What are the (three) components of the Brain stem? |
|
Definition
| Mesencephalon, Pons, Medulla oblongata |
|
|
Term
| What are the two components of the CNS? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the three main tasks of the CNS? |
|
Definition
| Receive continuous flow of info, analyze and interpret that info, and send commands to the body |
|
|
Term
| Which portion of the cerebrum is grey? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which portion of the cerebrum is white? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T or F: the cerebellum has two paired halves |
|
Definition
| False, it is unpaired, though the cerebrum IS |
|
|
Term
| What two components make up the diencephalon? |
|
Definition
| Thalamus and hypothalamus |
|
|
Term
| Define and identify the meninges |
|
Definition
3 layers surrounding the brain and spinal cord
- Dura mater (outer meninx; thick, tough; supports the brain)
- Arachnoid (middle meninx)
- Pia Mater (inner meninx; tightly attached to neural tissue |
|
|
Term
| What is the gap b/w the arachnoid and pia mater called, and what is it filled with? |
|
Definition
- subarachnoid space
- filled with cerebrospinal fluid |
|
|
Term
| Which meninx in the brain forms the venous sinus? |
|
Definition
The Dura Mater (outer)
- functions to collect most of the blood from the brain |
|
|
Term
| From what is the Cerebrospinal Fluid formed? |
|
Definition
| The Choroid plexus (Capillaries of the pia mater) |
|
|
Term
| Where does the CSF circulate? (2) |
|
Definition
- From the brain's ventricles down to the central canal of the spinal chord
- from the 4th ventricle to the subarachnoid space, then circulates around brain & spinal chord |
|
|
Term
| What must the CSF pass through in before entering blood circulation? |
|
Definition
| It is drained into the venous sinus |
|
|
Term
| What are the roles of the CSF? |
|
Definition
- provide nutrients to the CNS
- protection
- ionic concentration ideal for optimum neuronal function
- blood brain barrier = no cells or proteins, low AAs, only liposoluble substances can diffuse |
|
|
Term
| Which part of the brain is responsible for the conscious experience of sensory input? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What and where is White Matter? |
|
Definition
| Beneath the cortex, composed of myelinated nerve fibers |
|
|
Term
| What fibers composed White Matter? |
|
Definition
Association fibers (b/w both parts of the cortex)
Commissural fibers (b/w the two hemispheres)
Projection Fibers (connect cortex to other brain structures and spinal cord) |
|
|
Term
| What are the components of the cerebrum? |
|
Definition
| Cortex (grey), Medullary substance (white), Basal Nuclei |
|
|
Term
| Where are basal nuclei found? |
|
Definition
| Deep within the cerebrum (close to the thalamus) |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the basal nuclei? |
|
Definition
| Work in conjunction with the cortex and cerebellum to control complex semi-voluntary movements (walking, running) |
|
|
Term
| What added control do basal nuclei have in birds? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T or F: The Cerebellum is involved with consciousness and sensation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the main role of the Cerebellum? |
|
Definition
To prevent distortion of intended movement
- receives info, make movements smooth |
|
|
Term
| From which places does the cerebellum receive information? |
|
Definition
Inner ear (equilibrium)
Proprioceptive receptors (muscles, tendons, joints)
Cortex (visual & motor) |
|
|
Term
| Which part of the cerebellum is composed of gray matter? (inner or outer) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which brain component is also called the "inner brain?" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the diencephalon composed of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the fxn of the thalamus? |
|
Definition
| It is a relay station for: sensory info; cerebellum & basal ganglia; cerebral cortex |
|
|
Term
| What is found in the Epithalamus? |
|
Definition
Olfactory correlation center
Pineal gland |
|
|
Term
| What is the fxn of the Hypothalamus? |
|
Definition
- produces neuropeptides that control the Anterior Pituitary
- produces neurohormones released by the posterior pituitary
- principal regulator or autonomic nervous system; with brain stem, it's the most important region for homeostasis control |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the mesencephalon? |
|
Definition
- Visual reflex centre: receives visual info, controls eye movement
- Auditory reflex center (turn head for noise) |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the pons? |
|
Definition
- contain center for postural reflexes (hopping, righting, placing)
- control respiratory movements |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the medulla oblongata? |
|
Definition
- heart activity
- blood pressure
- relative distribution of blood to organs |
|
|
Term
| How many pairs of cranial nerves are there? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are Cranial nerves '3' to '12' found? |
|
Definition
Found exiting the brain stem and innervating structures of the head and neck
- most are both sensory and motor (mixed) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The portion of the skin ("derm") that sends sensory information to the spinal column |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Muscles ("myo") that receive sensory information from the spinal cord |
|
|
Term
| How many cranial nerves are purely sensory and remain purely in the brain? |
|
Definition
| 2 (I, olfactory; II, optic) |
|
|
Term
| What is the 10th cranial nerve and why is it important? |
|
Definition
| Vagus nerve, most widely distributed nerve in the whole body (from neck to abdomen) |
|
|
Term
| What are the sections of the vertebral column.? |
|
Definition
| Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal |
|
|
Term
| Axons (both myelinated and unmyelinated) refers to which type of matter? (grey or white) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cell bodies & dendrites refer to which type of matter? (grey or white) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What part (grey or white matter) of the spinal cord is shaped like a butterfly? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When dorsal and ventral roots join, they make... |
|
Definition
| Spinal nerves (the dorsal and vertral roots merge with the spinal canal) |
|
|
Term
| How are spinal nerves numbered? |
|
Definition
| Based on which vertebra they originate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The portion of the skin ("derm") that sends sensory information to the spinal column |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Muscles ("myo") that receive sensory information from the spinal cord |
|
|
