Term
| What muscles are controlled by the autonomic nervous system? |
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Definition
-smooth muscle
-cardiac muscle
-glands |
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Term
| What is the role of the autonomic nervous system |
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Definition
controlling body functions without the need or conscious thought
important in maintaining homeotasis! |
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Term
| What are the control centers of the autonomic nervous system? What do they do? |
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Definition
hypothalamus (master command)
spinal cord (thoracic and sacral segments)
brain stem (special control function)
receive constant sensory info from nerves, compare to set reference points and will send out appropriate response signals to make adjustements |
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Term
| How do motor nerve fibers differ from the somatic motor system? |
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Definition
-target different organs
-have 2 peripheral nerves vs 1
-preganglionic fiber -> ganglion -> postganglionic fiber |
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Term
| What are the major division of the ANS? What part of the spine do they correspond to? |
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Definition
Sympathetic (thoraco-lumbar)
Parasympathetic (cranio-sacral)
Enteric (associated with parasympathetic) |
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Term
| Where do the preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system originate? Where are their axons sent? |
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Definition
originate in thoracic or lumbar vertebra
axons sent to ganglia parallel to spinal cord |
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Term
| Where do the preganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic nervous system originate? Where are their axons sent? |
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Definition
originate in brain or sacral part of spinal cord
axons sent to ganglia near/in effector organs |
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Term
| Which is longer in the sympathetic nervous system, the preganglionic or post-ganglionic fiber? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the role of preganglionic fibers extending to the adrenal medulla? |
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Definition
| stimulate secretion of epinephrine & norepinephrine |
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Term
| What do the sympathetic post-ganglionic fibers innervate? |
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Definition
| hollow organs, blood vessels etc. |
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Term
| What do the parasympathetic post-ganglionic fibers innervate? |
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Definition
| direct connection to specific organs, no branching, and no hormone enhancement (action is very selective) |
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Term
| Which is longer in the parasympathetic nervous system, the preganglionic or post-ganglionic fiber? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the major nerve supplying the body in the parasympathetic nervous system? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which sympathetic nerve fiber uses acetylcholine? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two receptors to acetylcholine? |
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Definition
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Term
| Compare nicotinic & muscarinic receptors? |
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Definition
Nicotinic
-at preganglionic synapses
-involved in neuromuscular functions
-part of an ion channel (ionotropic)
-rapid, short-lasting effect
Muscarinic
-in target organs of parasympathetic
-separate from ion channel
-need a second messenger to activate the target cell
-slower, more prolonged effect |
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Term
| What type of receptors are associated with (nor)epinephrine |
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Definition
| andrenergic (alpha & beta) |
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Term
| Compare alpha & beta andrenergic receptors |
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Definition
Alpha
-increase Ca or decrease cAMP
-constriction of smooth muscles
Beta
-increase cAMP
-increase strength & rate of heart contraction
-relax smooth muscles (GI, uterus, bronchioles) |
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Term
| What type of drug would you use to treat hypertension and why? |
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Definition
| a B-andrenergic blocker to decrease heart rate |
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Term
| What type of drug would you use to treat asthma and why? |
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Definition
| a B-adrenergic agonist to encourage bronchodilation |
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Term
| What effect does atropine have on the body? |
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Definition
Muscarinic receptor blocker
-in eye will dilate pupils
-ingested will inhibit contraction of lower GI tract
-reduce mucus production in respiratory tract |
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