Term
| The meatus of the ear appears above the __________? |
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Definition
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Term
| ________________ promote conductivity of sound between the external ear and middle ear. |
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Definition
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Term
| Symptoms of ear pain, fever, irritability, an inflamed tympanic membrane and fluid in the middle ear are signs of? |
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Definition
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Term
| nonsuppurative and suppurative are classifications of? |
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Definition
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Term
| Impaired judgement and decision making? |
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Definition
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Term
| beginning loss of consciousness? |
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Definition
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Term
| limited spontaneous movement or speech, exhibits slow vocalization, decreased motor skills and oculomotor activity? |
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Definition
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Term
| mild to moderate reduction in arousal, continuous stimulation is needed for arousal and the eyes are usually closed? |
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Definition
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Term
| deep sleep or unresponsiveness, vocalization only in response to painful stimuli? |
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Definition
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Term
| Displays no vocalizatoin, no spontaneous eye movement, and no arousale to any stimulus, BUT brain stem reflexes are intact? |
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Definition
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Term
| Eye opening, best verbal response and best motor response are parts of the standardized ____________ to determine the severity of the patient's brain injury? |
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Definition
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Term
| Compression of the brain stem can be caused by? |
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Definition
| hematoma, hemorrhage, aneurysm, cerebellar hemorrhage, infarcts, abscesses, neoplasms and demyelinating disorders |
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Term
| Extracerebral disorders include? |
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Definition
| neoplasms, closed-head trauma with subsequent bleeding and subdural accumulation of pus |
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Term
| Sudden abnormal electrical activity in the brain is __________ |
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Definition
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Term
| Rapid and uncontrollable shaking of he body? |
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Definition
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Term
| repeated seizures occuring over time? |
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Definition
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Term
| Occurrence of 2nd, 3rd or multiple seizures before regaining consciousness from the preceding seizure? |
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Definition
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Term
| Generalized tonic clonic movement is AKA |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Generalized tonic-clonic movement and absence involve ___________ areas |
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Definition
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Term
| focal motor and psychomotor seizures involve __________ area? |
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Definition
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Term
| cerebral dysfunction secondary to drug intoxication or nervous system disease as classified as? |
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Definition
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Term
| Loss of more than one cognitive or intellectual function is ? |
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Definition
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Term
| Severe cognitive dysfunction in older people which is chronic and is an irreversible dementia? |
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Definition
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Term
| Alteration in cerebral hemodynamics due to increase of extracellular or intracelluarl fluid within the brain after brain insult from trauma, infection, hemorrhage, tumor, ischemia, infarct or hypoxemia? |
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Definition
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Term
| Flaccidity is a type of ? |
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Definition
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Term
| Spasticity and rigidity are types of? |
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Definition
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Term
| Spasticity and rigidity are types of? |
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Definition
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Term
| paresis and paralysis are types of? |
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Definition
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Term
| Blunt brain trauma is AKA |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Most common type of brain injury? |
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Definition
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Term
| force of impact on the brain typically produces _______ on the brain? |
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Definition
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Term
| Immediate loss of consciousness, loss of reflexes transient stop of respirations, brief bradycardia and drop in blood pressure are manifestions of? |
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Definition
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Term
| Extradural hematomas, epidural hematomas or epidural hemorrhages most often have a/an _________ as the source of bleeding? |
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Definition
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Term
| Tearing of the bridging veins occurring either rapidly and or subacutely are indicative of ? |
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Definition
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Term
| When small blood vessels are traumatized by shearing forces? |
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Definition
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Term
| Structural defect involving the lamina (neural arch of the vertebra)? |
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Definition
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Term
| When vertebra slide forward in relation to inferior vertebra, common at L5-S1? |
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Definition
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Term
| Entrapment of single nerve root in the lateral recess or diffuse central stenosis involving many roots may represent? |
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Definition
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Term
| Ischemic (thrombotic or embolic), global hypoperfusion (as in shock) or hemorrhagic are types of? |
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Definition
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Term
| HTN, smoking, elevated blood lipoprotein-a, DM, insulin resistance, impaired cardiac function, non-rheumatic afib, coag disorders, polycythemia, thrombocythemia, postmenopausal estrogen use are risk factors for? |
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Definition
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Term
| TIA, strokes-in-evolution, completed strokes are ____________ |
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Definition
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Term
| strokes or infarcts that involve small arteries and occur frequently in the basal ganglia, internal capsules and brain stem are _____________ |
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Definition
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Term
| AVM, cavernous angioma, capillary telangestasis, venous angioma are types of _________ |
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Definition
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Term
| A tangled mass of dilated blood vessels is known as ___________ |
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Definition
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Term
| _____________ headaches are seen mostly in men age 20-50, several attacks during the day followed period of spontaneous remission? |
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Definition
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Term
| Most common type of heaache, occurs in 40-60% population, is bilateral, mild to moderate in severity, sensation of tight band or pressure around head, comes in episodes - may last hours or several days? |
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Definition
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Term
| primary or metastatic are classification of _________ tumors? |
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Definition
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Term
| Astrocytoma, glioblastoma multiforme, oligodendrogliomas, ependyoma adn meningiomas are classifications of _______? |
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Definition
| common primary brain tumors |
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Term
| Bacterial meningitis affects the _____________? |
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Definition
| pia mater, arachnoid and subarachnoid space, CSF and ventricles |
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Term
| aseptic meningitis affects ______? |
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Definition
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Term
| encephalitis affects _________? |
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Definition
| meninges, white and gray matter |
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Term
| Infectious agents of bacterial meningitis are _________? |
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Definition
| Neisseria, pneumococci, haemophilus |
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Term
| Infectious agents of aseptic meningitis are ? |
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Definition
| enteroviral viruses and herpes simplex I |
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Term
| Infectious agents of encephalitis are? |
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Definition
| arthropod-borne viruses, herpes simplex I, complications of systemic viral infection |
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Term
| With this infection meningeal vessels become hyperemic and permable? |
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Definition
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Term
| With this infection there is nerve cell degeneration? |
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Definition
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Term
| This infection is similar to a bacterial infection? |
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Definition
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Term
| bacterial meningitis manifestations? |
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Definition
| throbbing headache, flexion of legs and thighs, neck stiffness, projectile vomiting and confusion |
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Term
| aseptic meningitis manifestations? |
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Definition
| mild symptoms as compared to bacterial meningitis, but similar |
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Term
| encephalitis manifestations? |
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Definition
| fever, delirium, confusion, coma, seizure, cranial nerve palsies, paresis and paralysis |
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Term
| viral, nonpurulent or lymphocytic meningitis are also known as? |
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Definition
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Term
| Progressive cognitive dysfunction in conjunction with motor and behavioral alterations in an HIV patient is? |
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Definition
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Term
| Multinucleated giant cell encephalitis involving diffuse degeneration of the spinal cord in an HIV patient - manifesting as a progressive spastic paraparesis with ataxia, leg weakness, upper motor neuron signs, incontinence, and posterior column sensory loss is diagnosed as? |
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Definition
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Term
| HIV patient with painful dysthesias and paresthesias in the extremities, weakness, and decreased or absent distal reflexes is diagnosed as? |
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Definition
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Term
| HIV patients may develop this diagnosis at the time of positive seroconversion manifesting as headache, fever, meningismus with cranial nerve involvement especially of V and VII? |
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Definition
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Term
| Papovavirus, demyelinating disorders, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, cytomegalovirus encephalgitis in a patient with HIV are known as? |
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Definition
| opportunistic viral infections |
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Term
| Peripheral nervous system consists of? |
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Definition
| nerves and ganglia outside of the brain and spinal cord |
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Term
| ___________ is the main function of the PNS? |
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Definition
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Term
| PNS is divided into __________? |
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Definition
| somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system |
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Term
| radiculopathies and radiculitis are disorders of? |
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Definition
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Term
| Guillain-Barre syndrome is caused by immunologic reaction directed at? |
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Definition
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Term
| myasthenia gravis involves __________ muscles? |
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Definition
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Term
| Parkinson disease affects? |
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Definition
| basal ganglia, degeneration of dopaminergic receptors |
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Term
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Definition
| basal ganglia, frontal cortex, depletion of GABA |
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Term
| Multiple sclerosis affects? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Scarring of corticospinal tract in lateral column of spinal cord, upper and lower motor neurons. |
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Term
| Parkinson disease is caused by? |
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Definition
| dopamine insufficiency, trauma infection, neoplasms, drugs and toxins |
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Term
| Huntington disease is caused by? |
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Definition
| autosomal dominant, chromosome 4 |
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Term
| Multiple sclerosis is caused by? |
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Definition
| Immunogenetic viral, genetic, environmental, T cells become auto-reactive to myelin protein. |
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Term
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Definition
| genetics, defective superoxide dismutase gene. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Multiple sclerosis age onset is? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| absence of skull and parts of the brain that results from early closure of the anterior neural tube |
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Term
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Definition
| herniation of the brain and meninges through a midline defect in the skull |
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Term
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Definition
| protrusion of meninges through a vertebral defect |
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Term
| Myelomeningocele is also known as? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| herniation of the meninges, spinal fluid, spinal cord and nerves through a vertebral defect. |
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Term
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Definition
| Defect occurring in the lumbar or sacral area of the spine because of incomplete fusion of the vertebral laminae and is not visible to the naked eye. |
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Term
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Definition
| premature closure of cranial suture during the first 20 months of life. |
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Term
| congenital hydrocephalus is? |
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Definition
| increase in CSF volume, a defect in the reabsorption or a blockage of the ventricular drainage system |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| syndrome of motor disabilities that may be accompanied by mental retardation, seizures or both - is an assorted group of neurologic syndromes such as spasticity, ataxia, dyskinesia. |
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Term
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Definition
| encephalopathy caused by inherited metabolic disorder and is progressive in nature. |
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Term
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Definition
| acute encephalopathy believed to be caused by an interaction of aspirin, viruses and liver dysfunction. |
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Term
| Lennox-Gastaut syndrome is a type of? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| This part of the brain performs sensory, motor and reflex functions; controls cardiac, vasomotor and respiratory centers; centeral nerve reflex? |
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Definition
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Term
| This part of the brain coordinates the activities of groups of muscles; maintains equilibrium; controls posture? |
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Definition
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Term
| This part of the brain deals with conscious recognition of crude pain, temperature and touch, relays sensory impulses (except smell) to cerebrum; emotions, arousal mechanism; complex reflex movements? |
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Definition
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Term
| This part of the brain links nervous system to endocrine system, corrdinates autonomic mnervous system controls body temperature, hunger thirst and sleep? |
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Definition
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Term
| This part of the brain deals with voluntary control of sekeletal muscles, unconscious skeletal muscle movement, speaking and writing? |
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Definition
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Term
| This part of the brain deals with interpretation of odor and sound? |
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Definition
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Term
| This part of the brain deals with general body sensations? |
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Definition
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Term
| This part of the brain deals with sight? |
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Definition
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Term
| This part(s) of the brain deals with memory; emotions; reasoning; intelligence? |
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Definition
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Term
| This part of the brain deals with language, numeric skills; controlls right side of body? |
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Definition
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Term
| This part of the brain deals with musical and artistic awareness; space and pattern perception; insight and controls the left side of the body? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| epidural hemorrhages, subdural hematomas and intracerebral hematomas |
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Term
| contusion, extradural hematomas, subdural hematomas and intracerebral hematomas are all types of ____________? |
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Definition
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