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| the wrinkles or folds on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres |
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| valleys or crevices between the gyri |
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| this is a collective name for sulci and gyri- the raised and depressed surfaces of the brain. Because brain growth is confided in the cranial vault- the brain folds in on itself as it grows. Human Brain convolutions are unique- like our fingerprints- but humans all share certain common sulci and gyri |
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| Deep groove in the surface of the brain- this is deeper than a sulci- a finger can be inserted into a fissure during dissection where as a sulci is shallow |
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| Medial longitudinal Fissure |
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| separates the L and R cerebral hemisphere- runs along the midsagittal plane |
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| separates the frontal and parietal lobes- * separates the primary motor cortex from the primary somatosensory cortex |
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| is the primary motor cortex- this area is handles voluntary movement- it is just anterior to the central sulcus |
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| this is the primary somatosensory cortex. Located just posterior to the central sulcus- this section mediates the detection of physical sensation |
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| separates the temporal lobe from the frontal lobe |
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| borders of the frontal lobes are the lateral fissure and central sulcus. Mediates cognition skills like: intelligence, problem solving, motor planning, working memory. Injury to this area can result in personality and behavior changes. *Swears like a sailor- combative* Difficult for families |
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| executive functions ( organizing, planning, sequencing, motivation) and self insight and regulation of emotions. Frontal lobes develop mostly after birth and are not thought to be complete until late adolescence or early adulthood |
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| sits just posterior to the frontal lobe. Central sulcus divides the parietal and frontal lobes. Parietal functions are sensory detection, perception, and interpretation |
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| most inferior or caudal lobes. Hearing, comprehension of language and long-term memory |
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| the most posterior lobes. Interpretation of visual stimuli from the optic pathways |
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| it lies deep in the lateral fissure- covered by the frontal parietal and temporal lobes- you will hear it called the 5th lobe- most think of this as an extension of the temporal lobe and limbic structures. |
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| Responsible for interpretation of perceptual and spatial information- creativity, interpretation that requires abstraction rather than concrete thinking. Interpretation of tonal inflections in language ( not the literal meaning of words). Making literal interpretations of a story- and forming abstract symbols and metaphors. Interpreting emotional messages underlying concrete meanings. Controls the LEFT side of the body motorically- receives sensory information from the LEFT side |
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| In people who are R hand dominant- the L hemisphere is usually dominant. Plays a large role in language- expression, interpretation of written and spoken words. People with aphasia- which is a language disorder- often have L hemispheric or hemisphere damage. So- if you have a patient who has had a stroke and they have aphasia- clinical reasoning will tell you before you look at the chart that the most likely hemisphere where they had their stroke is the Left. Controls the RIGHT side of the body and receives sensory information from the RIGHT side |
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| Area where grapy matters covers part of the CNS is called the cortex- humans have a cerebral and cerebellar cortex. Gray matter sits on the surface of the cerebrum and cerebellum. Gray matter extends deep within the CNS and forms nuclei body- it is grayish in color because it consists of nerve cell bodies |
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| collection of neural cell bodies, usually outside the CNS or in the peripheral nervous system |
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| located beneath the gray matter- in the internal regions of the cerebrum and cerebellum- consists of myelinated fiber tracts or neuronal axons |
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| any collection of white matter that connects one side of the nervous system to the other |
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| Our thalamus acts as a screener for information traveling to the cortex- this means that it can inhibit less important information and send it along on a subcortical level and then send other information to the cortex that needs to be handled on a conscious level. |
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| Just anterior and inferior to the thalamus. Regulates the : ANS, temperature, hunger, thirst, sleep-wake cycles, releases hormones from the pituitary, adrenal and pineal glands. |
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| the secretion of melatonin and secretion of hormones from pituitary gland by the pineal gland(involved in circadian rhythms), and regulation of motor pathways and emotions. |
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| Deep structure- contains cells that use dopamine. Key structure in connecting feedback and feedforward circuits of the thalamus and basal ganglia |
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| Only 1, endocrine gland that secretes hormones that regulate growth, reproductive activities and metabolic processes- collaborates with the hypothalamus |
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| largest commissure in the brain- connects the L and R hemispheres- allows communication. |
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| crossing over point- midline structure located at the base of the brain just above or superior to the pituitary gland. |
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| connects the cerebral cortex with the diencephalon. All DESCENDING messages from the motor cortex travel through the internal capsul to the thalamus, brain stem, spinal cord and then skeletal muscles |
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