Term
| 3 components of the brain stem |
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Definition
1. medulla oblongata
2. pons
3. midbrain |
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Term
| what is the lowest portion of the brain stem that meets the spinal cord? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the function of the medulla oblongata? |
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Definition
| controls respiration & blood pressure |
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Term
| the medulla oblongata works in conjunction w/ what centers in the pons to control respiratory function & is responsible for the rhythm of the respiration? |
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Definition
| apneustic center & pneumotaxic center in the pons |
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Term
| what cranial nerves go through the medulla oblongata |
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Definition
CN IX (glossopharygneal)
CN X (Vagus)
CN XI (Spinal Accessory)
CN XII (Hypoglossal) |
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Term
| what is the function of the pons? |
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Definition
-relays info from brain to spinal cord
-controls respiratory rate and length |
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Term
| what are the 2 respiratory centers in the pons? and what do they each do? |
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Definition
-Apneustic center: controls the length of inspiration & expiration
-Pneumotaxic center: controls the RR |
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Term
| TRUE OR FALSE: if there is a clot in the pons they have wiped out the centers that allows them to breath. these are the people that the family are going to have to decide to take them off the ventilator and when they do they won't be able to breath. |
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Definition
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Term
| what part of the brain stem contains the 3rd & 4th ventricles? |
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Definition
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Term
| the midbrain is responsible for what type of movements? |
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Definition
| voluntary motor movements |
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Term
| what is the function of the midbrain? |
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Definition
-voluntary motor movements
-response to visual & auditory stimuli |
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Term
| TRUE OR FALSE: hearing is one of the last things to go and hearing is one of the 1st things that come back |
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Definition
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Term
| TRUE OR FALSE: if you have a patient that is breathing above the ventilator than they are not brain dead |
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Definition
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Term
| where is the reticular formation located? |
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Definition
-it is located at the core of the brainstem
-extends from the upper pons to the diencephalon |
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Term
| what is the function of the reticular formation? |
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Definition
| balances excitatory & inhibitory stimuli to maintain muscle tone which supports body against gravity |
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Term
| TRUE OR FALSE: damage to the reticular formation causes posturing |
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Definition
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Term
| is abnormal posturing an early or late sign of increased ICP? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the function of the reticular activating system? |
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Definition
| controls sleep wake cycles |
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Term
| cerebellum is also known as what? |
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Definition
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Term
| "walking, talking, and chewing bubble gum" |
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Definition
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Term
| when you go into the fridge in the morning you know how much muscle you need to lift the jug of milk. Injury to the cerebellum produces _____(preservation of motor strength w/ lack of control (coordination) over fine motor function) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| preservation of motor strength w/ lack of control (coordination) over fine motor function |
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Term
| what is the function of the cerebellum? |
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Definition
-influences muscle tone associated w/ equilibrium
-orientation to space
-locomotion
-posture
-muscle synchronization |
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Term
TRUE OR FALSE: Cerebellum helps with muscle synchronization by:
cerebellar impulses are communicated to descending motor pathways to integrate spatial orientation & equilibrium w/ posture & muscle tone, ensuring synthronized adjustments in movements that maintain overall balance & motor coordination. |
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Definition
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Term
| what is frontal lobe of the cerebrum responsible for? |
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Definition
-voluntary motor function
-Cognitive function (orientation, memory, insight, judgment, arithmetic, and abstraction),
-Expressive language--verbal and motor (Broca's Area) |
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Term
| where is the broca's area located? |
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Definition
| it's usually located on the left side of the frontal lobe but occasionally the Broca's area will be on the right side of the frontal lobe |
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Term
| what is the broca's area responsible for? |
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Definition
-expressive language & it is used in the formation of verbal & written communication
-it is the output of language |
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Term
| damage to the broca's area results in what? |
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Definition
| disability ranging from word-finding difficulties to an expressive or non-fluent aphasia, in which verbal & written communication are significantly compromised, although verbal language reception & comprehension may remain intact |
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Term
| which lobe: "most days I can point my finger out and touch my nose w/o poking my nose"? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the parietal lobe responsible for? |
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Definition
-integrates sensory functions
-awareness of body parts
-space relations & orientation
-interpretation of touch, temp & pain
-recognition of object shape, size, and texture
-sensory aspect of speech and reading |
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Term
| where is Wernicke's area located? |
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Definition
| it is partially located w/n the parietal lobe & partially in the temporal lobe. most commonly on the left side of the cerebral cortex. |
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Term
| what is the Wernicke's area responsible for? |
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Definition
-it is concerned w/ reception of written & verbal language.
-it is the input of language |
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Term
| damage to Wernicke's area results in what? |
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Definition
| disability ranging from minor receptive language dysfunction to receptive or fluent aphasia, in which expressive language function remains but is illogical in content or a "word salad" |
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Term
| what is the temporal lobe responsible for? |
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Definition
-hearing
-speech
-memory
-behavior |
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Term
| TRUE OR FALSE: the primary auditory areas in the temporal lobe receive sound impulses & assist in determining the source of sound & the meaning of sound. They are closely linked w/ Wernicke's area |
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Definition
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Term
| The anterior lower border of the temporal lobe is encased in ______. W/ a strong blow to the head, the temporal lobe is easily contused & lacerated as it moves against this hard, irregular surface. |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the occipital lobe is responsible for? |
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Definition
vision
interpretation of visual stimuli |
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Term
| this is a vascular system where the 3 cerebral arteries form a complete circle to oxygenate brain & provide nutrients |
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Definition
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Term
| TRUE OR FALSE: not everyone has a completed Circle of Willis which these people are at increased risk of having a cerebral aneurysm. So people that have incomplete Circle of Willis & have HTN are at increased risk for bleeding |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the arteries of the Circle of Willis? |
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Definition
| Carotid, middle cerebral, and basilar arteries |
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