Term
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Definition
| Provide myelination in the peripheral nervous system. Schwann cell only myelinates 1 axon. Contain Schmidt-Lanterman clefts. Can also elaborate axons in PNS. |
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Term
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Definition
| Provide myelination in the Central Nervous System. Myelinates several different axons. |
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Term
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Definition
| Are in CNS. moves metabolites to and from neurons, maintains constant ionic concentrations for optimal neuronal function, and take up left over neurotransmitters. Fibrous astrocytes are in white matter. Protoplasmic are in grey matter. Contain perivascular and perineural feet. |
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Term
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Definition
| Astorocyte like cells that surround ganglion cell bodies in PNS. |
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Term
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Definition
| Form epithelial like lining around central canal. can be cuboidal or columnar with cilia and microvilli. |
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Term
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Definition
| phagocytes of nervous system. |
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Term
| Third branch of trigeminal nerve exits which foramina? |
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Definition
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Term
| Middle Meningeal artery and vein travel through which foramina in the skull? |
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Definition
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Term
| internal carotid artery gains entry to the calvarium by entering what? |
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Definition
| carotid foramen then traversing a bony canal and entering the calvarium via the foramen lacerum |
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Term
| What is the path of CN 7? |
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Definition
| enters internal auditory canal and exists the calvarium via the stylomastoid foramen. |
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Term
| What is the path of CN 8? |
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Definition
| enters internal auditory canal via the internal auditory meatus and exits via the external auditory meatus |
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Term
| Which 3 cranial nerves pass through the jugular canal? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the path of CN 11? |
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Definition
| Spinal branches of CN 11 enter calvarium through the foramen magnum, join the cranial branches and exit via the jugular foramen |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What nerves exit the superior orbital fissure? |
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Definition
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Term
| What two meningeal layers continue out into the peripheral nerve, and what are they called? |
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Definition
| Dura mater forms the epineurium and the arachnoid forms the perineurium |
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Term
| Where do the vertebral arteries enter the calvarium? |
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Definition
| they originate from the subclavian traverse through the vertebral foramina and enter the calvarium through the jugular foramen. |
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Term
| What arteries form the circle of willis? |
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Definition
| posterior cerebrals, posterior communicating, internal carotid, anterior cerebrals, and anterioir communicating |
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Term
From what arteries do the following branch:
lateral striate, superior cerbellar, anterior inferior cerebellar, and posterior inferior cerebellar? |
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Definition
lateral striate - middle cerebral
superior cerebellar - basilar
anterior inferior cerebellar - basilar
posterior inferior cerebellar - vertebral |
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Term
| What veins connect the superior sagittal sinus with the inferior sagittal sinus? |
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Definition
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Term
| What sinuses drain into the confluence of sinuses |
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Definition
| Superior sagittal sinus, straight sinus and transverse sinus |
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Term
| What sinus connects the transverse sinus to the internal jugular vein? |
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Definition
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Term
| what does the great vein drain into? |
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Definition
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Term
| what connects the lateral ventricles to the 3rd ventricle? |
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Definition
| interventricular foramen of monroe |
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Term
| what connects the 3rd and 4th ventricles? |
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Definition
| cerebral aqueduct (aqueduct of sylvius) |
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Term
| what are the openings that allow egress of CSF into the subarachnoid space from the 4th ventricle? |
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Definition
| two lateral foramen of Luschka and midline foramen of magendie |
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Term
| what is the pathway of CSF flow? |
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Definition
| made by choroid plexus in lateral, 3rd and wth ventricles. exists 4th ventricle via formen of magendie and luschka down to the spinal cord and also upward through the opening in the tentorium cerebelli and circulates over and around the brain. eventually the CSF is reabsorbed into venous sinuses via arachnoid granulations |
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Term
| What prevents toxic substances from egressing from capillaries in the brain into the CSF? |
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Definition
| tight junctions of the Choroid epithelial cells |
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Term
| what makes up the blood brain barrier? what also contributes? |
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Definition
| tight junctions of capillary endothelial cells in the brain. perivascular feet of astrocytes |
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Term
| what are the circumventricular organs that regulate CSF composition? |
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Definition
| subfornical organ, pineal, subcommissural organ, median eminence, neurohypophysis, organum vasculosum, area postrema |
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Term
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Definition
| Spiny neurons that project to GPe use GABA as neurotransmitter and ENK as neuropeptide. main receptor type is D2 and functions to inhibit conflicting movement |
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Term
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Definition
| Spiny neurons that project to GPi use GABA as neurotransmitter and substance P and Dynorphin as neuropeptide. main receptor type is D1 and functions to promote limb movement |
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Term
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Definition
| Spiny neurons that project to SNr use GABA as neurotransmitter and substance P and Dynorphin as neuropeptide. main receptor type is D1 and functions to promote eye movement |
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Term
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Definition
| Spiny neurons that project to SNc use GABA as neurotransmitter and substance P and Dynorphin as neuropeptide. main receptor type is D1 and functions to regulate DA neurons |
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Term
| Cholinergic striatal interneurons |
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Definition
| large aspiny neurons that use Ach as main neurotransmitter, modulates PNs - opposes DA action, survive in HD |
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Term
| Parvalbuminergic striatal interneurons |
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Definition
| large aspiny neurons that use GABA as main neurotransmitter, inhibits PNs - sharpens activity, lost in HD |
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Term
| Somatostatinergic striato interneurons |
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Definition
| medium aspiny neurons that use GABA and NO as main neurotransmitters, neuropeptides NPY and SS, survive in HD |
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Term
| Calretinergic striato interneurons |
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Definition
| medium aspiny neurons that use GABA as main neurotransmitter, survive in HD |
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Term
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Definition
| ventral nucleus of CN 3. adducts the eye |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| elevates the eye. medial nucleus CN 3 |
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Term
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Definition
| dorsal nucleus of CN 3. depresses eye |
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Term
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Definition
| intermediate nucleus of CN 3. elevates the eye |
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Term
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Definition
| CN 4 nucleus. depresses the eye. |
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Term
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Definition
| involuntary elevation of eyelid, innervated by sympathetic nerves |
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Term
| Levator palpebrae superioris |
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Definition
| voluntary control of eyelid elevation, innervated by central caudal nucleus of CN 3 |
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Term
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Definition
| internal carotid sympathetic nerve innervation controlling dilator pupillae muscle |
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Term
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Definition
| Edinger westphal nucleus provides innervation to sphincter pupillae |
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Term
| Increase lens convexity (accomodation reflex) |
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Definition
| Edinger westphal nucleus innervating ciliary muscle. accomodation is caused by constriction of ciliary muscle |
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