Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| groove on the surface of the brain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| prominent, rounded elevation on the surface of the cerebrum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| map of the cerebral cortex based on cellular architecture w/ 52 areas |
|
|
Term
| Sagittal/Longitudinal fissure |
|
Definition
| fissure travels medially front to back and divides brain into two halves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| separates temporal from frontal and parietal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sulcus running in a coronal plane, in midsagittal cut of the brain follow cingulate sulcus to where it forms marginal ramus and jump ahead one sulcus to find it |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| groove above cingulate gyrus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| separates parietal and occipital lobes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| separates cuneus and lingual regions of occipital lobe and primary visual cortex surrounds this sulcus |
|
|
Term
| Lateral ventricle features |
|
Definition
| C/ram shaped w/ ant, inf, and occipital horns |
|
|
Term
| Lateral ventricles are lateral to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lateral ventricle drains into...through.. |
|
Definition
| 3rd ventricle through IVF of Monro |
|
|
Term
| # of Interventricular foramens of monro |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Third ventrical flows into...through... |
|
Definition
| fourth ventricle through the Cerebral aqueduct of Sylvius |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tissue posterior to pons and brain stem that projects toward cerebrum that forms the roof of the fourth ventricle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tissue posterior to pons and brain stem that projects toward cerebrum that forms the floor of the fourth ventricle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ie the foramina of luschka, 2 lateral openings that drain the 4th ventricle into the subarachnoid space |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ie foramen of magendie-medial aperture that drains the 4th ventricle into the subarachnoid space |
|
|
Term
| Foramina of luschka is .... to the foramen of magendie |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Central canal of the spinal cord |
|
Definition
| enters this after ventricular system if not reabsorb |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| interconnecting the cerebral hemisphers except for temporal lobes |
|
|
Term
| temporal lobes are connected by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Corpus callosum connects every sense except |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hangs down from corpus callossum |
|
|
Term
| Septum pellucidum separates |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many lobes does the cerebral cortex have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the lobes of the cerebral cortex? |
|
Definition
| Frontal,parietal,temporal,occipital,limbic |
|
|
Term
| 4 function of the frontal lobe |
|
Definition
1.higher cognitive control
2.control stereotyped movements
3.control of voluntary movements
4.motor area for speech |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| anterior to the central sulcus and superior to the lateral fissure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Precentral gyrus is btwn the |
|
Definition
| central sulcus and precentral sulcus |
|
|
Term
| Frontal gyri has three parts |
|
Definition
| Superior, middle and inferior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| premotor/supplementary motor cortex |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| premotor/supplementary motor cortex |
|
|
Term
| Parts of the inferior frontal gyrus |
|
Definition
| Opercular, triangular, and orbital |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| left hemisphere-broca's area-speech and writing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| left hemisphere-opercular and triangular portions of inferior frontal gyrus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| anterior to precentral gyrus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Left hemisphere-broca's area speech and writing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| anterior and inferior to opercular region with apex pointing toward lateral fissure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| anterior and inferior to triangular part |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inferior portion of frontal lobe |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lateral to rectus gyrus and medial to orbital gyri |
|
|
Term
| What lies in the olfactory sulcus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is in between the orbital gyrus and straight (rectus) gyrus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| behind central sulcus and above temporal lobe |
|
|
Term
| Functions of parietal lobe |
|
Definition
1. conscious sensation
2. somatic association-body sensation and propioreception |
|
|
Term
| Location of parietal lobe |
|
Definition
| Posterior to central sulcus, superior to lateral fissure, and anterior to parietocciptal sulcus |
|
|
Term
| Postcentral sulcus location |
|
Definition
| posterior to central sulcus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| separates sup and inf parietal lobule |
|
|
Term
| Postcentral gyrus location |
|
Definition
| btwn central and post central sulci |
|
|
Term
| Postcentral gyrus broadmann's areas |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| postcentral gyrus function |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Superior parietal lobule location |
|
Definition
| superior to supramarginal and angular gyri |
|
|
Term
| Inferor parietal lobule function |
|
Definition
| function-left hemisphere-language comprehension |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| made up of supramarginal and angular gyri |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| upside down u at the apex/termination of lateral sulcus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| upside down u at the apex of termination of the superior temporal sulcus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| anterior to parietoooccipital sulcus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Surrounds central sulcus and made up of both the parietal and frontal lobes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hearing and interpretation of sounds |
|
|
Term
| location of temporal lobe |
|
Definition
| inferior to lateral fissure and anterior to the preoccipital notch |
|
|
Term
| Parietal lobe big picture |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Superior, middle and inferior |
|
|
Term
| Superior gyrus of temporal lobe function |
|
Definition
| primary auditory cortex ie Wernicke's area |
|
|
Term
| Occipitotemporal/Fusiform gyrus |
|
Definition
| inferior portion of the temporal lobe lateral to the lingual gyrus |
|
|
Term
| Sulcus btwn the lingual and fusiform gyri |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sulcus btwn fusiform and inferior temporal gyri |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| vision and interpretation of visual images |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| posterior to parieotooccipital sulcus and posterior to the pre-occiptal notch |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Wedge shaped region seen in the sagittal section superior to the lingual gyri and posterior to the parietoocciptal sulcus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Seen in the sagittal view inferior to the cuneus and medial to the occipitotemporal gyri |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Separates the cuneus and lingual gyri |
|
|
Term
| Calcarine cortex location |
|
Definition
| cortex surrounding the calcarine fissure |
|
|
Term
| calcarine cortex function |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Brodmann's area of calcarine cortex |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| at the posterior end of the inferior temporal gyrus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 5 f's-feeding, feeling, flight, fighting, and fornication |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| medial aspect of cerebral hemisphere |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| superior to corpus callossum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| superior to cingulate gyrus |
|
|
Term
| Marginal ramus of cingulate sulcus |
|
Definition
| posterior portion of the cingulate sulcus that curves superiorly jump one ahead to find central sulcus |
|
|
Term
| Parahippocampal gyrus location |
|
Definition
| located medially to the fusiform gyrus and anterior to the lingual gyrus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| medial projection of the parahippocampal gyrus that is inf to the hypothalamus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inside the parahippocampal gyrus and is a striated form of cortex alternating gray and white matter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What makes the inferior wall of the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| on tip of lateral horn of ventricle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fear sensor makes heart pound and resp rate increase when afraid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| island buried in the lateral fissure deep to the temporal lobe |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| may play a role in olfaction and discriminative touch |
|
|
Term
| Surface of the brain cortex-gray or white matter |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| interior of brain cortex-gray or white matter |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Gray matter is made up of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| white matter is made up of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cell bodies buried within the hemispheres |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| precise control of voluntary movement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Caudate nucleus and lenticular nuclei |
|
|
Term
| Caudate nucleus forms the |
|
Definition
| forms lateral wall of lateral ventricle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Putamen and globus pallidus |
|
|
Term
| Lenticular nuclei is superior to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Putamen is .... to the globus pallidus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Putamen is .... to the insula |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, subthalamus, and mamillary bodies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| all sensory information except olfaction is transmitted to the cerebral cortex via the thalamus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lateral wall of the 3rd ventricle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| endocrine and autonomic nervous system function |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lateral wall of 3rd ventricle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Other name for the epithalamus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| regulates sleep/wake cycles |
|
|
Term
| imaging use of pineal gland |
|
Definition
| calcifies overtime so can be used to identify the midline of the brain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| posterior to hypothalamus |
|
|
Term
| Mamillary bodies function |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| projections off the base of the diencephalon inferior to the hypothalamus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hemispheres,vermis, and tonsil |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| processes sensory info to regulate movement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| midline portion of the cerebellum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ventral side medial to hemisphere |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. homeostasis
2. sensory, motor and autonomic innervation of the head and neck
3. special senses: taste, hearing, balance, and vision |
|
|
Term
| Components of the brain stem |
|
Definition
| Midbrain, pons, medulla, cranial nerves |
|
|
Term
| components of the midbrain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| region of cerebral aqueduct |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| made up of superior and inferior colliculi (2 on each side) and forms the roof over the cerebral aqueduct |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inferior to cerebral aqueduct and tectum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ant to 4th ventricle cerebellum and tegmentum |
|
|
Term
| Spinal cord white and gray matter |
|
Definition
| gray-interior, white on periphery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Periosteal/endosteal, meningeal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lines interior of the cranial cavity |
|
|
Term
| meningeal layer of dura mater |
|
Definition
| dives down in an area like a falx |
|
|
Term
| Potential spaces of the dura |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Reflection of the dura mater |
|
Definition
| falx cerebri, tentorium cerebelli, falx cerebelli, and diaphragma sellae |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| attaches to cristi galli of frontal bone and splits cerebral hemispheres |
|
|
Term
| Tentorium cerebelli anchors and position |
|
Definition
| anchored to ant/post clinoid processes of sphenoid bone and is the horizontal separator of the cerebrum and cerebellum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| u shaped opening ant to tentorium cerebelli where brainstem passes through |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| space above the tentorium cerebelli |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| space below tentorium cerebelli |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| vertical dura mater btwn cerebellar hemispheres |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| horizonal membrane that covers the sella turcica region where the pituitary is housed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| blood filled spaces formed by separation of the dura that drain the veins of the brain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| superior midsaggital sinus that is triangular in shape and enlarges as it travels posteriorly that drains into the confluence of sinuses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| posterior confluence that drains the straight, superior sagittal and occipital sinuses and flows into the transverse sinus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inferior midsagittal sinus that together w/ the great vein of galen forms the straight sinus |
|
|
Term
| Location of the inferior sagittal sinus |
|
Definition
| located btwn falx cerebri and the tentorium cerebelli |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| drains great vein of galen and inferior sagittal sinus and is drained by the confluence of sinuses |
|
|
Term
| Transverse sinus location |
|
Definition
| runs attachment of tentorium cerebelli to the skull |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| runs into the sigmoid sinus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| runs along petrous portion of the temporal bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| drains the transverse sinus and the superior petrosal sinus and flows into the internal jugular vein |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| drains into the superior and inferior petrosal sinuses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| on either side of the sella turcica |
|
|
Term
| Clinical implication of the cavernous sinus |
|
Definition
| in communication w/ vessels from the face so it has the potential for infection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| small posterior sinus that drains into the confluence of sinuses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| drains into the sigmoid sinus and receives flow from the cavernous sinus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| receives flow from the cavernous sinus and drains into the internal jugular vein |
|
|
Term
| Internal jugular vein drainage |
|
Definition
| drains the inferior petrosal and sigmoid sinuses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| supplies the bones of the skull |
|
|
Term
| What kind of hemorrhage is one of the middle meningeal artery? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anterior cranial fossa blood supply |
|
Definition
| middle meningeal artery and others |
|
|
Term
| Middle cranial fossa blood supply |
|
Definition
| middle meningeal artery and others |
|
|
Term
| Posterior cranial fossa blood supply |
|
Definition
| meningeal branches of the occipital artery |
|
|
Term
| Blood supply to the arachnoid mater |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Arachnoid mater consists of |
|
Definition
| cells and bundles of collagen which form arachnoid trabeculae that project inferiorly giving weblike appearance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| where cerebrospinal fluid drains into from ventricles and contains the vessels (vessels are not in the mater) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| enlargements of the subarachnoid space |
|
|
Term
| Cerebromedullary/Cisterna magna |
|
Definition
| just below the cerebellum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| btwn the cerbral peduncles which are the stalks that hold up the hemispheres |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| near corpora quadrigemina |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| around the periphery of brain on sides |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| projection of arachnoid mater into the dural venous sinuses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| arachnoid granulations that increase w/ age |
|
|
Term
| Arachnoid villi structure |
|
Definition
| core of collagen fibers covered by arachnoid cells and sinus endothelial cells with channels btwn arachnoid cells that allow csf to contact endothelial cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| csf is transported from the granulations into the dural venous sinuses through the endothelia cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| perivascular sheath (which eventually disappears) that follows the contours of the brain that separates the subarachnoid space from the perivascular spaces |
|
|
Term
| Fourth ventricle drains into |
|
Definition
| Lateral/medial apertures or the central canal of the spinal cord |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mechanical support of the cns |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| choroid plexus within the ventricles |
|
|
Term
| Choroid plexus is formed by |
|
Definition
| pia mater and cells lining the ventricles which are epithelial cells with microvilli and tight junctions that makeup the blood csf barrier as well as fenestrated capillaries deep to the epithelium |
|
|
Term
| Where in the choroid plexus is csf secreted |
|
Definition
| apical surface of the epithelial cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| clear colorless with little protein and is derived from blood but not ultrafiltrate because it has a different ionic concentration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| from the ventricles to the subarachnoid space or central canal of the spinal cord |
|
|
Term
| What helps the circulation of csf? |
|
Definition
| cilia on ependymal cells lining the ventricles and arterial pulsations |
|
|
Term
| Blood brain barrier function |
|
Definition
| limits the passage of substances from the blood into the CSF to maintain a stable environment for neurons |
|
|
Term
| Make up of blood brain barrier |
|
Definition
| endothelial cells that line vessels that have tight juctions and few pinocytic vesicles (endocytotic) |
|
|
Term
| Blood brain barrier is crossed by |
|
Definition
1. diffusion of lipid soluble substances
2. facilitated or energy dependent receptor mediated transport of water soluble substances
3. ions across channels |
|
|
Term
| Circumventricular organs (not a list) |
|
Definition
| peripheral organs of the brain that lack a blood brain barrier because they need to monitor what is going on in the body for control purposes |
|
|
Term
| Do tumors have a blood brain barrier |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What can disrupt the BBB? |
|
Definition
| trauma, TIA, meningitis inflammation, seizures, and hypertension |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| anything abnormal that occupies the volume within the cranial cavity ie tumor, hemorrhage, abcess, edema or hydrocephalus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| distortion of normal brain geometry due to a mass lesion ie only so much room for stuff in the cavity so creates pressure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| displacement of intracranial structures from one compartment to another as a result of a mass effect |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| subfalcine, central, transtentorial, tonsillar |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| herniation of central structures such as the cingulate gyrus underneath the falx cerebri that usually has no clinical symptoms ie a shifting across the brain midline |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| herniation of the brainstem downward toward the foramen magnum |
|
|
Term
| Effects of a central herniation |
|
Definition
| puts traction on CNVI -> lateral rectus palsy |
|
|
Term
| Transtentorial herniation |
|
Definition
| herniation of the medial part of the temporal lobe inferiorly through the tentorial notch which has a sharp edge that can cause damage |
|
|
Term
| Effects of a transtentorial herniation |
|
Definition
1.Blown pupil
2.hemiplegia
3.Altered level conciousness/coma due to distortion of the reticular formation within the midbrain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a pupil that is dilated and unresponsive to light-can be due to a compression of CNIII and is usually ipsilateral (same side) as the lesion
-observed with a transtentorial hernia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| paralysis on half the body due to a compression of motor tracts within the cerebral peduncles-one of the results of a transtentorial hernia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| herniation of the cerebellar tonsils |
|
|
Term
| Effects of tonsillar herniation |
|
Definition
| leads to compression of the brain stem that may cause respiratory arrest |
|
|
Term
| Signs and symptoms of a meningeal irritation |
|
Definition
1.headache
2.lethargy
3.sensitivity to light and noise
4.fever
5.nuchal rigidity (stiff neck) and unable to touch chin to chest-ie demonstrates kernigs and brudzinski's sign |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pain in the hamstrings when knees are straightened with hips flexed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| flexion at neck causes hips to flex |
|
|
Term
| Normal lumbar puncture in adults (1.WBC#,2.WBC type, 3.protein, 4.glu) |
|
Definition
1.few less than 10
2. lymphocytes
3.minimal 15-45
4.50-100 |
|
|
Term
Bacterial meningitis lumbar puncture
(1.WBC#,2.WBC type, 3.protein, 4.glu) |
|
Definition
1.many 500-1000
2.polymorphonuclear leukocytes
3.high 100-1000
4.reduced less than 40 |
|
|
Term
Viral meningitis lumbar puncture
(1.WBC#,2.WBC type, 3.protein, 4.glu) |
|
Definition
1.some 10-300
2.lymphocytes
3.some 50-100
4.normal |
|
|
Term
TB meningitis lumbar puncture
(1.WBC#,2.WBC type, 3.protein, 4.glu) |
|
Definition
1.some 10-200
2.lymphocytes
3.elevated 100-200
4.reduced less than 50 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Btwn L3-4 or 4-5 b/c spinal cord ends at L1 |
|
|
Term
| Layers penetrated by a lumbar puncture |
|
Definition
| skin, subcutaneous tissues, supraspinous ligament, intraspinous ligament, ligamentum flavum, extra dural space, dura matter, subdural space, arachnoid matter and CSF is in the subarachnoid space |
|
|
Term
| Cerebral Ischemia-Infarction |
|
Definition
| also know as stroke which is a blockage of blood flow to a particular area of the brain and is often caused by cerebral vascular disease |
|
|
Term
| Two types of Cerebral ischemia/infarction |
|
Definition
1. Thromobotic occulsion
2. Embolic Occlusion |
|
|
Term
| Intracranial hemorrhage types |
|
Definition
1.intracerebral
2.subarachnoid
3.subdural
4.epidural |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| occurs within the substance of the brain and is a type of hemorrhagic stroke |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| type of hemorrhagic stroke |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| venous origin and is a bleed not a stroke |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| arterial and is a bleed not a stroke |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| death of tissue as a result of reduced blood flow for more than a few minutes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a generalized reduction in blood flow to the brain due to systemic hypotension ie fainting due to low blood pressure |
|
|
Term
| Transient Ischemic Attacks (TIAs) |
|
Definition
| a neurological deficit lasting <24 hrs (usually 5-20 min) and complete strokes are often preceded by TIAs days, weeks, or months prior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| often due to low blood flow as a result of arterial stenosis or embolism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| something from the brain causes a more and more blocked blood flow |
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Term
| Thrombotic stroke description |
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Definition
| often present with fluctuating symptoms that worsen with time and are often preceded by TIAs about 10 to 20% of the time |
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Term
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Definition
| something from systemic circulation came and completely blocked the blood flow |
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Term
|
Definition
| usually present with a neurological deficit that is maximal at onset |
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Term
| Neurons are dependent on ... metabolism |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| center of anaerobic area where neurons die due to lack of oxygen and glucose |
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Term
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Definition
| area around anaerobic area that gets a partial perfusion of oxygen |
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Term
| Result of ischemic penumbra |
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Definition
| neurons switch to anaerobic metabolism-> get lactic acid -> acidosis and excessive release of glutamate -> activates NMDA receptors -> increase intracellular calcium -> activation of proteases, lipases, membrane depol, free radical damage to DNA, proteins and FA |
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Term
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Definition
1. Hypertension-treatable-damage vessels leading to block
2.Diabetes-treatable-damage vessels leading to block
3. Hypercholesterolemia-lead to block
4. Smoking-damage vessels
5. family history
6. cardiac disease
7. prior history |
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Term
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Definition
1. Brain CT to rule out hemorrhage
1a. MRI to confirm site of clot
1b. heart ultrasound to find source of block
2. tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA)-antithrombolytic agent
3. Heparin-don't give to hemorrhagic stroke
4. Preventative meds like aspirin
5. Current research-meds that interfere with stroke mechs |
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Term
| These provide arterial supply to the brain |
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Definition
| Internal carotid (ant) and the vertebral arteries (post) |
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Term
| This connects the internal carotid system with the vertebral system |
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Definition
| cerebral circle of willis |
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Term
| Internal carotid supplies most of |
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Definition
| the cerebrum and diencephalon |
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Term
| The vertebral artery supplies |
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Definition
| posterior cerebrum, diencephalon, brainstem, cerebellum, and cervical spinal cord |
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Term
| vertebral artery enters the cranial cavity |
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Definition
| through the foramen magnum |
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Term
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Definition
| to form the basilar artery |
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Term
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Definition
1.Cervical
2.Petrous
3.Cavernous
4.Supraclinoid/intracranial/cerebral part |
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Term
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Definition
| from bifurcation to the carotid canal (ie base of skull) |
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Term
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Definition
| (carotid siphon) -within the carotid canal in the petrous portion of the temporal bone |
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Term
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Definition
(carotid siphon)
1.within the cavernous sinus
2.sends branches to the trigeminal ganglion and the pituitary gland |
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Term
| Supraclinoid/intracranial/cerebral part of ICA |
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Definition
| 1. once it pierces the dura mater ie leaves the cavernous sinus |
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Term
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Definition
1.Ophthalmic
2.Posterior communicating aa
3.Anterior choroidal artery
4. Anterior cerebral arteries
5. Middle cerebral arteries |
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Term
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Definition
supplies the orbit and optic nerve
(branch of ICA) |
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Term
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Definition
| anastomose w/ posterior cerebral artery |
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Term
| Anterior choroidal artery |
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Definition
| supplies the crus cerebri of the midbrain, lateral geniculate body of the thalamus, globus pallidus, caudate nucleus, amygdala, hypothalamus, posterior limb of internal capsule, optic radiations, optic tract, and hippocampus |
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Term
| Two terminal branches of the ICA |
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Definition
| Ant and middle cerebral arteries |
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Term
| Links the two sides of the anterior cerebral artery |
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Definition
| Anterior communicating artery |
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Term
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Definition
| located in longitudinal fissure |
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Term
| Ant CA general blood supply |
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Definition
| supplies medial aspect of the brain |
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Term
| Specific blood supply of Ant CA |
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Definition
| supplies the cingulate gyrus, optic chiasm and the medial aspect of the frontal and parietal lobes including the motor and somatosensory areas of the cortex that supply the lower limbs |
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Term
|
Definition
1.callosomarginal
2.pericallosal
3.lenticulostriate |
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Term
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Definition
| branch of ant CA that follows the cingulate gyrus (just superior to the gyrus) |
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Term
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Definition
| branch of ant CA that supplies corpus callosum and runs just above it |
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Term
| Callosomarginal artery relative to pericallosal artery |
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Definition
| CM is the proximal branch of ant CA and runs superior to the distal pericallosal artery |
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Term
| Lenticulostriate arteries |
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Definition
| supply the internal capsule and basal ganglia |
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Term
| Signs and symptoms of an infarct of the ant CA |
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Definition
1. Behavioral changes (frontal lobe)
2. Contralateral leg weakness (precentral gyrus)
3. contralateral leg sensory loss (post central gyrus) |
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Term
| Why does an occlusion of ant CA cause weakness of the contralateral leg? |
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Definition
| portion of the primary motor cortex in the precentral gyrus for the lower limbs is found on the medial aspect of the brain |
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Term
| Why does an occlusion of ant CA cause sensory loss on the contralateral leg? |
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Definition
| portion of the primary sensory cortex in the post central gyrus for the lower limbs is found on the medial aspect of the brain |
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Term
| Middle Cerebral Arteries desc |
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Definition
| larger of the two terminal branches of the ICA |
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Term
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Definition
| runs in the lateral sulcus (sylvian fissure) |
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Term
| lenticulostriate arteries of the MCA |
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Definition
| penetrate the anterior perforating substance to supply the basal ganglia and internal capsule |
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Term
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Definition
| splits into superior and inferior divisions at the sylvian fissure |
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Term
| Superior division of the MCA supplies |
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Definition
| lateral surface of the cortex superior to the lateral cerebral fissure (frontal and parietal lobes) |
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Term
| Inferior division of the MCA supplies |
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Definition
| The lateral surface of the cortex inferior to the lateral cerebral fissure (upper temporal lobe) |
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Term
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Definition
| arch from the thalamus (lateral geniculate nucleus) to the occipital cortex |
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Term
| Blood supply to the optic radiations |
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Definition
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Term
| Superior Division of MCA infarct |
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Definition
| contralateral face and arm weakness (precentral gyrus) or contralateral face and arm sensory loss (postcentral gyrus) |
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Term
| Superior division of Left MCA infarct |
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Definition
| Broca's aphasia-impaired speech due to motor deficit |
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Term
| Why does the MCA affect motor and sensory function for the upper body? |
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Definition
| The primary motor (precentral) and sensory (postcentral) areas for the upper body are on the lateral parts of the brain |
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Term
| Inferior division infarct of left MCA |
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Definition
| Wernicke's/auditory aphasia-impaired comprehension of language despite normal hearing |
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Term
| Inferior division of right MCA infarct |
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Definition
| hemineglect-patient is unaware of the existence of the left half of his/her body or environment due to some of parietal lobe being supplied by inf. MCA |
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Term
|
Definition
1. contralateral hemiplegia
2.contralateral hemianesthesia
3.visual field defects due to optic radiations
4.global aphasia due to left stem |
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Term
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Definition
| collection of relay neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus (thalamus) that carry visual information to the visual cortex |
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Term
| Lenticulostriate of MCA or Ant CA infarct |
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Definition
| contralateral hemiparesis-paralysis/weakness affecting one side of the body |
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Term
| vertebral artery origin and route |
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Definition
| branch from the subclavian pass through the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae and enter the foramen magnum |
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Term
| Branches of vertebral arteries |
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Definition
1.anterior spinal artery
2.Posterior inferior cerebellar PICA
3.Posterior spinal |
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Term
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Definition
| branch of vertebral artery that fuses with its partner to form a single branch that runs with the anterior median fissure |
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Term
| anterior spinal artery supply |
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Definition
| supplies anterior 2/3 of the cervical spinal cord and the anterior and medial medulla including the medullary pyramids |
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Term
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Definition
| branch of the vertebral artery that supplies the inferior surface of the cerebellum, lateral part of the rostral medulla, and choroid plexus of the fourth ventrical |
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Term
| Posterior spinal artery source |
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Definition
| branches from the vertebral artery or from the PICA |
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Term
| Posterior spinal artery supply |
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Definition
| each descends near the dorsal roots and supplies the posterior 1/3 of the cervical spinal cord and the posterior part of the caudal medulla |
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Term
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Definition
| runs rostrally along the anterior surface of the pons and bifurcates to form two posterior cerebral arteries |
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Term
| Branches of the basilar artery |
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Definition
1.Anterior inferior cerebellar artery
2.Superior cerebellar artery
3.Pontine artery
4.labyrinthine/internal auditory artery
5.Posterior cerebral arteries |
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Term
| Anterior inferior cerebellar artery AICA |
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Definition
| supplies the cerebellum and lateral part of the caudal pons |
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Term
| Superior cerebellar artery |
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Definition
| supply the cerebellum, lateral part of middle pons and pineal gland |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Labyrinthine/Internal auditory artery |
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Definition
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Term
| Posterior cerebral arteries location |
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Definition
| curve around the midbrain |
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Term
|
Definition
1. midbrain
2.medial and inferior surfaces of the temporal and occipital lobes including the visual areas of the cerebral cortex
thalamus and globus pallidus via central branches |
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Term
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Definition
1.visual field defects (occipital)
2.contralateral hemiparesis or contralateral hemianesthesia if thalamus and internal capsule are affected |
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Term
| Cerebrum-medial surface blood supply |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Cerebrum-lateral surface blood supply |
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Definition
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Term
| Cerebrum-superior surface of temporal lobe blood supply |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Cerebrum-inferior surface of temporal lobe blood supply |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Superior Cerebellar artery
PICA
AICA |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
| Basal Ganglia blood supply |
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Definition
ACA
MCA
both by their branches the lenticulostriate arteries |
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Term
| Internal capsule blood supply |
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Definition
ACA
MCA
both by their branches the lenticulostriate arteries |
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Term
| Optic chiasm blood supply |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Anterior choroidal arteries
PCA |
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Term
| Optic radiations blood supply |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
PCA
Superior cerebellar
Basilar |
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Term
|
Definition
basilar
AICA
Superior cerebellar artery |
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Term
|
Definition
Vertebral Artery
Anterior spinal artery
PICA
Posterior spinal artery |
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Term
| What vessels affect CNVI function |
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Definition
| AICA and Labyrinthine b/c VI runs btwn them |
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Term
| What vessels affect CNIII function |
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Definition
| PCA and superior cerebellar because CNIII runs btwn them |
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Term
| The inferior frontal gyrus is divided into 3 subdivisions by |
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Definition
| the anterior and ascending rami of the lateral fissure |
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Term
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Definition
1. emotional processing of pain
2. contains supplementary motor area where complex movements are planned and executed |
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Term
| Cingulate sulcus function |
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Definition
| cortical areas are involved in initial stages of movement generation |
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Term
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Definition
| stalks are bundles of nerve fibers that make up the two haves of the midbrain |
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Term
| Cerebral peduncle location |
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Definition
| visible as narrow vertical grooves and elevations just above the pons and extending into the cerebrum |
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Term
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Definition
| part of subarachnoid space located btwn the cerebral peduncles |
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Term
| Interpeduncular fossa location |
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Definition
| located on the ventral side of the brain stem |
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Term
| Interpeduncular fossa contents |
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Definition
| contains mamillary bodies and oculomotor nerves |
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Term
| Medulla pyramids location |
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Definition
| elongated elevations on the anterior surface of the medulla on either side of the midline |
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Term
| Medulla pyramids function |
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Definition
| ipsilateral fiber tracts carrying motor info from the primary motor cortex to the spinal cord |
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Term
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Definition
| region where the pyramidal fibers cross the midline of the medulla located at the inferior end of the medulla just superior to the spinal cord |
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Term
|
Definition
| elevations just lateral to the pyramids |
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Term
| Superior colliculi function |
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Definition
| visual system relay and reflexes |
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Term
| inferior colliculi function |
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Definition
| auditory system relay and reflexes |
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Term
| Anterior commissure location |
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Definition
| bundle of nerve fibers crosses the midline near the anterior end of the 3rd ventricle |
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Term
| Anterior commisure function |
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Definition
| connects temporal lobes as well as the olfactory bulbs |
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Term
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Definition
| bundle of nerve fibers just inferior ot the pineal body |
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Term
| Posterior commissure marks what |
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Definition
| the junction of the diencephalon anteriorly with the mesencephalon posteriorly |
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Term
| Posterior commissure function |
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Definition
| connects parts of the midbrain |
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Term
| Pineal gland secretes what |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Hypothalamus influences the secretion of what |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Light microscopy microscope appearance of astrocytes vs oligodendrocytes |
|
Definition
| astrocytes have larger paler nuclei while oligodendrocytes have smaller darker nuclei |
|
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Term
| ependymal cell shape for lab |
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Definition
| cuboidal or low columnar in shape and they can be ciliated |
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Term
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Definition
| packing of loose vascular supporting tissue that surrounds each individual nerve fiber and its investing schwann cell |
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Term
|
Definition
| bundle of nerve fibers several of which make up a peripheral nerve |
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Term
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Definition
| layer of flat epithelial cells that invests the condensed layer of collagenous tissue surrounding a fascicles |
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Term
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Definition
| layer of loose collagenous tissue that binds multiple fascicles together and is condensed peripherally to form a strong cylindrical sheath |
|
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Term
| can a nerve contain both myelinated and unmyelinated fibers in it |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| can a given schwann cell associate with both myelinated and unmyelinated fibers |
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Definition
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