Term
| Cerebellar nuclei from medial to lateral? |
|
Definition
| Fastigial (F), Globose (G), Emboliform (E), Dentate (D) |
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Term
| Dentate nuclei project ipsilaterally or contralaterally? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fastigial nuclei project ipsilaterally or contralaterally? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What two cerebellar nuclei are grouped together as "interposed"? |
|
Definition
| Emboliform (E) and Globose (G) |
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Term
|
Definition
| To thalamus, then to motor cortex |
|
|
Term
| What affect does dopamine have on D1 receptors? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What affect does dopamine have on D2 receptors? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How can you distinguish medium spiny cells from the striatum that are involved in the Direct vs. the Indirect pathway? |
|
Definition
Direct- Just GABA, D1 receptors
Indirect- GABA + Enkephalins, D2 receptors |
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|
Term
| How is the gain of the muscle spindle regulated? |
|
Definition
| If both alpha and gamma MNs are activated, there is no decrease in the firing of Ia afferent neurons, even if muscle contracts |
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Term
|
Definition
the normal degree of tension maintained in skeletal muscles
by involuntary spinal reflexes; the resistance of skeletal muscle to passive
elongation or stretch. |
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Term
|
Definition
Flexor reflex = withdrawal reflex
A protective polysynaptic ipsilateral segmental reflex in which a painful stimulus
triggers the contraction of ipsilateral flexor muscles (and the ipsilateral
extensors are inhibited) which takes the limb away from the source of pain.
These reflexes have slower onset and longer response than the stretch
(extensor) reflexes. |
|
|
Term
| Two types of intrafusal fibers? |
|
Definition
Nuclear bags
Nuclear chains |
|
|
Term
| Two types of muscle spindle sensory fiber endings? |
|
Definition
Annulo-spiral (coils)
Flower spray |
|
|
Term
| Intersegmental reflex arc |
|
Definition
a polysynaptic neuron pathway
which involves sensory impulses being received in one
segment of the spinal cord and then stimulating interneurons
which route the sensory information to motor neurons in both
the superior and inferior segments of the spinal cord in order
to permit innervation of a variety of muscles in the reflex
action |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a polysynaptic contralateral
segmental reflex that is usually associated with the same
painful stimulus which triggered a flexor/withdrawal reflex; in
the crossed extensor reflex, the contralateral extensors
contract (and the ipsilateral flexors are inhibited) which tends
to adjust for any shift in the center of gravity so that balance is
maintained and body weight is properly supported |
|
|
Term
| Subcomponents of basal ganglia? |
|
Definition
Caudate
Putamen
Globus pallidus
Subthalamic nucleus
Substantia nigra
(Some argue for Nucleus accumbens, ventral pallidum & amygdala) |
|
|
Term
| What type of interneurons are in the striatum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What "detour" makes it the indirect pathway? |
|
Definition
| Globus pallidus external segment to subthalamic nucleus |
|
|
Term
| What type of cells project from the striatum to the GP? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is substance P involved in the direct or indirect pathway? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is enkephalin involved in the direct or indirect pathway? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the underlying pathophysiology to Huntington's? |
|
Definition
| Idiopathic destruction of medium spiny cells of the striatum, preferentially those involved in the INDIRECT pathway --> lack of inhibition of movement |
|
|
Term
| Underlying pathophys of hemiballismus? |
|
Definition
| Subthalamic Nucleus lesion- damage to indirect pathway |
|
|
Term
| Underlying pathophys of Parkinson's? |
|
Definition
| Damage to dopaminergic cells of Substantia nigra pars compacta- damage to both direct & indirect pathways --> hyperkinetic (resting tremor) AND hypokinetic (slowness) symptoms |
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