Term
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Definition
| Viral infection which attacks the cell bodies of alpha motor neurons in the spinal cord. |
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Term
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Definition
| Viral entry is through GI tract. |
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Term
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Definition
| In this pathology the virus probably travels up the neuronal axon to cell body, where it interrupts synthesis of neuronal proteins in favor of synthesis of viral proteins. |
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Term
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Definition
| In this disease paralysis (if it occurs) develops 2-5 days post onset of illness, but may be delayed as long as 2-3 weeks. The degree of involvement is proportional to number of motor neurons destroyed. |
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Term
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Definition
| In post polio syndrome 30-40 years following the initial disease ? may occur in the previously affected muscles. |
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Term
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Definition
| Poliomyelitis is an injury to the ? |
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Term
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Definition
| This disease is caused by an injury to the neuronal cell body. |
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Term
| Alpha-latrotoxin, Botulinum toxin, and Tetanus toxin. |
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Definition
| Motor Unit Pathology causing injury to Synaptic Terminals (name 3) |
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Term
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Definition
| A motor unit pathology causing injury to the action potential conductance mechanism. |
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Term
| Puffer fish (a delicacy in japan) |
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Definition
| Tetrodotoxin is produced by ? |
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Term
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Definition
| Tetrodotoxin causes a blockage of ? in the neuronal cell membrane. |
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Term
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Definition
| Alpha-latrotoxin is produced by ? and stimulates the excessive release of ? |
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Term
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Definition
| In Alpha-latrotix severe local cramps are followed by ? (secondary to ? depletion). |
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Term
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Definition
| Produced by anaerobic bacterium, found in incompletely sterilized canned foods and fatal in nanogram quantities. |
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Term
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Definition
| Most powerful biological poison known. It works by blocking ACh release with resultant paralysis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Produced by anaerobic bacterium in contaminated puncture wounds. Also found in fertilized soil or soil contaminated by human or animal waste. |
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Term
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Definition
| Tetanus toxin is carried to the spinal cord by ? transport up neuronal axons and the mortality rate is ?% while prevention is easily available through the tetanus vaccine. |
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Term
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Definition
| ? Toxin binds to axonal terminals of ?-secreting inhibitory neurons. |
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Term
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Definition
| Tetanus Toxin prevents ? release, causing unopposed (?excitatory or ?inhibitatory)input to motor neurons and uncontrolled muscle contraction. (tetanus). |
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Term
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Definition
| This motor unit pathology causes injury to postsynaptic receptors. |
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Term
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Definition
| The Etiology of Myasthenia Gravis is unknown in this autoimmune disorder. Antibodies are produced against own ? receptors which then block the receptors resulting in muscle weakness. |
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Term
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Definition
| Patient presents initially with weakness of ocular muscles (ptosis/diplopia) and may also have oropharyngeal weakness (dysarthria/dysphagia)and limb and neck weakness. |
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Term
| Cholinesterase blockers (neostigmine or edrophonium) |
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Definition
| In Myasthenia Gravis weakness is resolved by administration of ? |
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Term
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Definition
| In Myasthenia Gravis: a decreased number of ? receptors, sparse, shallow junctional folds, (?widening or narrowing?) of synaptic space. |
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Term
| Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) |
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Definition
| This motor unit pathology causes an injury to the muscle cell membrane. |
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Term
| Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) |
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Definition
| Most common x-linked disorder known. Lifespan into the late teens to early twenties. Incidence is 1:3500 live births. |
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Term
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Definition
| This motor unit pathology is an injury to myelin-forming cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| Diptheria toxin and lead poisons ? cells and causes demyelination of nerve fibers and loss of nerve function. |
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Term
| Guillian-Barre Syndrome and Multiple Sclerosis |
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Definition
| Name 2 motor unit pathologies that cause injury to myelin. |
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Term
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Definition
| Peripheral polyneuropathy is attributed to this motor unit pathology. |
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Term
| Guillian-Barre Syndrome S&S |
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Definition
| Symmetric Limb weakness progressing to paralysis. May or may not have sensory loss. Recovery from weeks to months. 2/3rds of patients have complete recovery. |
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Term
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Definition
| With Multiple Sclerosis multiple areas of demyelination and sclerosis occur in the (? CNS or PNS? ) |
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Term
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Definition
| With Guillian-Barre syndrome segmental demyelination occurs in the ? (including cranial). |
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Term
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Definition
| The Etiology is unknown although frequently this disease is preceded by a viral infection (such as mono, flu, cold) |
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Term
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Definition
| May see symmetric limb weakness in this pathology progressing to paralysis. |
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Term
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Definition
| May or may not have sensory loss in this motor unit pathology. |
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Term
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Definition
| Recovery may be weeks to months in this motor unit pathology. |
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Term
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Definition
| 2/3rds of patients have complete recovery in this motor unit pathology. |
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Term
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Definition
| Multiple area of demyelination and sclerosis in CNS. (Name the motor unit pathology) |
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Term
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Definition
| Onset usually occurs between the ages of ? and ? in Multiple Sclerosis and is more common in (? males or females?) |
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Term
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Definition
| is of unknown etiology, but believed to be combination of environmental and genetic. |
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Term
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Definition
| Viral infection and autoimmune disorder are the two most widely held theories of pathogenesis in this motor unit pathology. |
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Term
| Viral infection/Autoimmune disorder |
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Definition
| ? and ? are the 2 most widely held theories of pathogenesis in Multiple Sclerosis. |
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Term
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Definition
| This disease is characterized by exacerbations and remissions with symptoms varying according to the location and number of lesions. It has a variable and unpredictable course. |
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Term
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Definition
| Peripheral nerve injuries are classified according to the ? of lesion. |
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Term
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Definition
| In this peripheral nerve injury there is a temporary slowing or loss of axonal conduction but with no disruption of axon or axonal degeneration. |
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Term
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Definition
| This peripheral nerve injury is often due to compression, stretching or inflammation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Axon continuity is disrupted in this peripheral nerve injury. |
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Term
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Definition
| In this peripheral nerve injury there is subsequent degeneration of distal axonal segments. Denervation may be partial or complete. There may be distal weakness and/or sensory loss. |
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Term
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Definition
| With this peripheral nerve injury it is possible to have a full recovery but will have axon degeneration and resprouting. |
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Term
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Definition
| With this peripheral nerve injury there is complete transection. It is possible to recover but usually must be surgically repaired. |
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Term
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Definition
| In this peripheral nerve injury there is axonal disruption AND damage to connective tissue surrounding the nerve. |
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Term
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Definition
| In Neurotmesis there is degeneration of distal axonal segments and distal weakness and/or sensory loss but what distinguishes it from Axonotmesis is there IS damage to the ? surrounding the nerve. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of axonal degeneration and secondary myelin degeneration following axmotmesis or neurotmesis is known as ? |
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Term
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Definition
| In Wallerian degeneration, the axon degenerates since it is no longer supported by the ? |
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Term
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Definition
| The ? is the peripheral receptor of the DTR (deep tendon reflex). |
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Term
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Definition
| In axonal regeneration, the ? has to be intact for axonal sprouts to grow along it to the target organ. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| ? arrive to ingest and remove degraded myelin and axonal fragements in Wallerian degeneration. |
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Term
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Definition
| In Wallerian degeneration after the axon degenerates the ? then degenerates followed by macrophage activity. |
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Term
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Definition
| ? is a name for the degeneration of the myelin sheath in Wallerian degeneration. |
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Term
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Definition
| Axonal regeneration occurs primarily in the ? |
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Term
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Definition
| When the axon of a neuron is cut or damaged, the axon and its myelin sheath undergo degeneration distal to the lesion (Wallerian degeneration). The sequence of events that takes place in the cell body is known as axonal regeneration or ?. |
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Term
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Definition
| The first step in Central Chromatolysis of the neuronal cell body is ? of the cell body. |
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Term
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Definition
| In central chromatolysis of the neuronal cell body the 2nd step is the disappearance of ? |
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Term
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Definition
| In central chromatolysis of a neuronal cell body the 3rd step to support the regeneration of the severed axon is ? |
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Term
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Definition
| a nerve, brain, or muscle disorder makes it difficult to use or control the muscles of the mouth, tongue, larynx, or vocal cords, which make speech. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Name 2 motor unit pathologies that are due to injury to the neuronal cell body. |
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Term
| Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis |
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Definition
| ALS stands for ? which is also known as Lou Gehrig's disease. |
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