Term
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Definition
| Conduction block. conduction speeds in nerve segments above/below theinvolved segment are normal since axon is not damaged. |
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Term
| What are the two ways to get neuropraxia? |
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Definition
| By ischemia, or demyelination. |
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Term
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Definition
| Class II injury. Usually a crush injury. Wallerian degeneration distal to the lesion. The connective tissue/Schwann cells are intact. Nerve regrowth 1mm/day. |
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Term
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Definition
| class III injury. knife cut or stretch. The connective tissue is injured and reinnervation may be incomplete. A nerve cut requires surgical repair and a neuroma may form. |
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Term
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Definition
| Usually not focal (generalized) & symmetric. Usually caused by toxicity, metabolic problem, or autoimmune. Usually starts distally. |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Refers to partial paralysis |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to complete inability to move a limb. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| An infection of the LMN. Results in LMN death and eventually paresis. |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs in a rear end car wreck when the brain inertia prevents it from moving. Brain moves to back of skull then forward. |
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Term
| Can a linear fracture occur without brain injury? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| shattering of bone into pieces. |
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Term
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Definition
| depressed fracture with scalp lacerations, creating communication path in intracranial cavity. |
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Term
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Definition
| involves base of skull, especially frontal bone and temporal bone. May cause CSF leak. Possible injury to internal carotied artery. |
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Term
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Definition
| can initiate processes of secondary damage. A bruise |
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Term
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Definition
| associated with skull fracture involving middle meningeal artery. Momentary unconscious, lucid for several hours, rapid deteriorating conciousness. |
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Term
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Definition
| blood betwen dura and arachnoid. immediate pressure on brain. Acute- major trauma from contusion/laceration; headache, drowsy, agitated, worsening confusion. |
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Term
| Cranial nerve damaged with anterior cranial fossa fx. |
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Definition
| Olfactory & optic nerves. |
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Term
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Definition
| facial & auditory nerves. |
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Term
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Definition
| optic & occulomotor nerves. |
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Term
| What cranial nerve is damaged with a cribiform plate fx? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Normal flow of CSF is obstructed and pressure builds in the skull. Decerebrate posturing, papillary dilation, respiratory arrest. |
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Term
| What is possible secondary damage to the brain following a TBI? |
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Definition
| elevated intra-cranial pressure. |
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Term
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Definition
| lack of responsiveness even to painful stimuli; no sleep/wake cycles; usually doesn't last longer than 2 weeks. |
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Term
| Persistent Vegetative State |
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Definition
| vegetative state > 3 months |
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Term
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Definition
| condition of general unresponsiveness; can sometimes be aroused by vigorous stiulation |
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Term
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Definition
| Pt. sleeps a lot; when aroused has reduced alertness and is not interested in the environment. |
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Term
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Definition
| Misrepresentation of sensory stimuli; disorientation, fear, and agitation |
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Term
| Clouding of consciousness |
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Definition
| quiet confusion, distractable, slow resonse time, faulty memory |
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Term
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Definition
| brief period of lost consciousness after injury; no apparent deficts |
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Term
| What are the clinical symptoms of a tumor? |
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Definition
| Headaches, aggravated by abrupt increases in ICP: coughing, sneezing, straining. Nausea, vomiting, seizures. symptoms depend on the location of the tumor. |
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Term
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Definition
| most common, types of cells: astrocytes: |
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Term
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Definition
| GBM, Malignant astrocytoma, Necrosis inside the tumor, less than 15% 2 year survival |
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Term
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Definition
| cancer of the oligodendrocytes. frontal lobe which controls concentration. less common; slow growing. eventually recur. |
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Term
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Definition
| These cells are what line the insides of the ventricles. If the tumor occurs in the fourth ventricle then will affect the function of the cerebellum and the brain stem. |
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Term
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Definition
| origininates in the cerebellum or posterior fossa. grow very rapidly and spread via the CSF |
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Term
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Definition
| Size/volume of tumor. This causes pressure, shifting and hernation. |
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Term
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Definition
| When the portion of cortex on the side of the mid saggital sulcus crosses over due to pressure |
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Term
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Definition
| When part of the cortex herniates into the midbrain/cerebellum area. Dilated, unresponsive pupil (CNIII) hemiplegia, coma. |
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Term
| Central (transtentorial) herniation |
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Definition
| midbrain and pons through the tentorium cerebelli. Symptoms: CNIV tension, Coma. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cerebellum migrates into the foramen magnum. Symptoms: respiratory arrest BP instability. Death. |
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Term
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Definition
| CNS neuronal cell death. regeneration. peripheral nerve injury. |
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Term
| Bechterew's Sign stimulus and response |
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Definition
| Stimulus - alternate volitional flexion & extension of the forearms. Response - inability to smoothly extend elbow; slow, jerky alterations. |
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Term
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Definition
| Stimulus - rapidly extend the wrist or ankle. Response - rapid reciprocal flexion/extension. |
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Term
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Definition
| Stimulus - stroke the palm in a radial direction. Response - grasping motion. |
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Term
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Definition
| Stimulus - stroke the outer edge of sole of the foot. Response - great toe extension; other toes flex and abduct. |
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Term
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Definition
| Stimulus - cough, sneeze, GI strain, yawn. Response - UE elbow flexion, wrist flexion, glenohumeral adduction; LE hip/knee flexion. |
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Term
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Definition
| Stimulus - stroke medial surface fo upper thigh, usually toward the groin. Response - testicular elevation on the same side being tested. |
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Term
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Definition
| Stimulus - prick/touch perineum. Response - Anal sphincter constricts. |
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Term
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Definition
| Stimulus - pinching dorsum of glans of the penis; gentle pull on the catheter. Response - Anal sphincter constricts; contraction of bulbous urethra. |
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