Term
| increase FREQUENCY of GABA-A |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Triazolam, Oxazepam, Midazolam |
|
|
Term
tx overdoze of benzos, Mo
A |
|
Definition
| flumazenil (competitive antag at GABA-A receptor) |
|
|
Term
| increase DURATION of GABA-A |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| barbituates are p450 inducers: T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why are barbituates contraindicated in porphyria? |
|
Definition
| barbituates induce ALA synthase (1st step in heme synthesis) = increase in heme precursor |
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|
Term
| antiepileptic that inhibits GABA reuptake. tx of partial (simple + complex) seizures |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Levetiracetam - what does it treat? |
|
Definition
| partial & toni-clonic seizures. MoA unknown. |
|
|
Term
| 1st line antiepileptic in pregnant women and children |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antiepileptic. Tox = blood dyscrasias (agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia), teratogen, SIADH, diplopia, ataxia, liver tox, Stevens-Johnson |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antiepileptic tox includes fatal heaptotox, neural tube defects |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antiepileptic tox = gigival hyperplasia, hirsutism, megaloblastic anemia, teratogen, SLE-like syndrome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antiepileptic tox = sedation, mental dulling, kidney stones, weight loss |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lamotrigine - what does it treat? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| block Na channels, block glutamate release from presyn neuron |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| minimal alveolar concentration at which 50% of population is anesthetized |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, sevoflurane, methyoxyflurane, nitrous oxide |
|
|
Term
| inhaled anesthetic w/ (1) hepatotox, (2) nephrotox |
|
Definition
1) halothane
2) methoxyflurane |
|
|
Term
| intravenous anesthetics: B.B. King on OPIATES PROPPOses FOOlishly |
|
Definition
| barb, benzo, ketamine, opiates, propofol |
|
|
Term
| thiopental -- what is it? |
|
Definition
| IV barbituate anesthetic, used for induction of anesthesia |
|
|
Term
| benzo drug used as an IV anesthetic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| local anesthetics - esters vs. amides |
|
Definition
amIdes have 2 I's
esters: procaine, cocaine, tetracaine
amides: lidocaine, mepivicaine, bupivicaine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F - order of nerve blockade: small > lg diameter and myleinated > unmyelinated |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nicotinic (Nm) agonist, used for muscle paralysis in surgery or mech vent |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| anti-nicotinic (Nm) used for muscle paralysis |
|
Definition
| tubocurarine, atracurium, mivacurium, pancuronium, vecuronium, rocuronium |
|
|
Term
| reversal of nondepol neuromusc block? |
|
Definition
| cholinesterase inhibitors: neostigmine, edrophonium |
|
|
Term
| tx of malignant hyperthermia and neuroleptic malignant syndrome, MoA |
|
Definition
| Dantrolene (prevents Ca release from skeletal muscle) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pergolide: MoA and Tx for |
|
Definition
| partial dopamine agonist, tx Parkinson |
|
|
Term
| parkinson, prevent dopamine breakdown - 1) MAO-B inhibitor, 2) COMT inhibitor |
|
Definition
| 1) Selegline, 2) entacapone |
|
|
Term
| tx of parkinson, curb excess cholinergic activity |
|
Definition
| benztropine (anti-musc, improves tremor and rigidity) |
|
|
Term
| amantadine vs. levodopa in tx of parkinson |
|
Definition
| amantadine: increase dopamine release, L-dopa: converted to dopamine in CNS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| NMDA glutamate receptor antag. prevent excitotox in alzheimer |
|
|
Term
| tx of ALS, glutamate antag |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CNS stimulant in tx of narcolepsy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| seratonin agonist for 5-HT(1b) and 5-HT(1d) for tx of migraine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| acetylcholinesterase inhibitors used in alzheimer |
|
Definition
| donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine |
|
|
Term
| dopamine receptor antag in tx of huntington |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| reserpine + tetrabenazine = tx what? |
|
Definition
| huntington (amine depleting. in huntington, inc dopamine, dec GABA + ACh) |
|
|
Term
| a-agonist used in tx of glaucoma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| b-blocker used in tx of glaucoma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| diuretic used in tx of glaucoma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| direct cholinomimetic (muscarinic ACh-R agonist) used in tx of glaucoma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| indirect cholinomimetic (AChE-i) used in tx of glauc |
|
Definition
| physostigmine, echothiophate |
|
|
Term
| PGF(2a) used in tx of glaucoma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| partial agonist at opiod mu receptors, agaonist at kappa receptors used to tx pain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| weak opiod agonist, inhibit serotonin and NE reuptake used in tx of chronic pain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| methylphenidate, increase presynaptic NE release |
|
|
Term
| Tx of depression with insomnia |
|
Definition
| mirtazapine (atypical antidep, a2 antag) |
|
|
Term
| class of drugs used to treat PTSD |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| class of drugs used to treat social phobias |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| tx of OCD - what type of antidep? |
|
Definition
| SSRI + clomipramine (TCA) |
|
|
Term
| tx of atypical depression (which 2 classes of antideps?) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| tx of panic disorder - what 3 classes of drugs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| buspirone - which 5-HT receptors does it stimulate, and what does it treat? |
|
Definition
| 5-HT(1A) , generalized anxiety disorder |
|
|
Term
| which class of antidep has strongest anti-chol effects? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which class of antidepressants are contraindicated in closed angle glauc? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which class of antidepressants can cause seratonin syndrome? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| tx of seratonin syndrome? |
|
Definition
| cyproheptadine - 5-HT2 receptor antagonist |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| imipramine, desipramine, clomipramine - what class of drugs are these? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Venlafaxine, duloxetine - MoA |
|
Definition
| inhibit seratonin & NE reuptake. Tx depression |
|
|
Term
| tranylcypromine - what is it? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| isocarboxazid - what is it? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| atypical antidep also used for smoking cessation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antiypical antidepressant causes seizure in bulimic patients |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| maprotiline - what is it? |
|
Definition
| atypical antipsych, block NE reuptake |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inhibits serotonin reuptake. used for insomina even tho it's an atypical antidepressant bc lg doses are needed for antiD effects |
|
|
Term
| mood stabilizer - side effect includes nephrogenic DI, teratogen, hypothyroidism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| atypical antipsychs - what are they? and what their benefits? |
|
Definition
| olanzapine, clozapine, quetiapine, risperidone, aripiprazole, ziprasidone. Fewer extrapyr and antichol side effects |
|
|
Term
| atypical antipsych that can cause agranulocytosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is neuroleptic malignant syndrome? |
|
Definition
| FEVER: fever, encephalopathy, vitas unstable, elevated enzymes, rigidity of muscles. Occurs 10 days after start of therapy. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dantrolene (prevents Ca2+ release from SR --> dec muscle contract --> dec rigidity, muscle breakdown, hyperthermia) |
|
|
Term
| what is it called when you get the sterotypic oral-facial movements due to long-term antipsych use? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| typical antipsych - retinal deposits |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| typical antipsych - Corneal deposits |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| mechanisms of all typical antipsych? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| high potency antipsychs have more EPS side effects but less anti-muscarinic side effects: T or F? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| haloperidol, trifluoperazine, fluphenazine - high or low pot? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| low potency typical antipsych? |
|
Definition
| thioridzaine, chlorpromazine |
|
|
Term
| stimulates a1, a2, B1, B2 receptors to tx severe bronchospasm in asthma, anaphylaxis, cardiac arrest, cardiogenic shock |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which receptors do NE stimulate? |
|
Definition
| a1 = a2>B1. Tx severe hypotension, septic shock |
|
|
Term
| which receptors do dopamine stimulate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tx: poor renal perfusion, decompensated CHF (esp w/ hypotension and reduced urine output) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which receptors do dobutamine stimulate? |
|
Definition
| B(1) >B(2), A(1). Tx of decompnesated CHF |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ephedrine (stimulates NE release from sympathetic neurons) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| activates presynaptic a(2) receptors --> downregulate NE release. Tx HTN (esp in pregnancy) |
|
|
Term
| HTN medicine, side effect is drug-induced Coombs+ hemolytic anemia |
|
Definition
| methyldopa (may alter RBC surface antigens so that they become immunogenic) |
|
|
Term
| A2 agonist used to tx HTN, opiod withdraw, and diarrhea in diabetic pts with autonomic neuropathy |
|
Definition
| Clonidine (activiates presynaptic a2-adrenoreceptors --> downreg NE release) |
|
|
Term
| Tx HTN in Pts w/ pheochromocytoma |
|
Definition
| phentolamine, phenoxybenzamine |
|
|
Term
| A1-blocker used to treat HTN and BPH |
|
Definition
prazosin
in BPH: inhibition of smooth muscle contraction --> relief of urinary sx |
|
|
Term
| nonselective B-agonist used in tx of heart block or bradycardic emergencies |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| B2 agonists to suppress labor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| M3 muscarinic receptor agonist to tx postop and neurogenic ileus and urinary retention |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| atropine (anti-musc), pralidoxime (regenerate AChE) |
|
|
Term
| muscarinic antag to tx motion sickness |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| muscarinic antag to tx peptic ulcers |
|
Definition
| methscopolamine, pirenzepine, propanetheline |
|
|
Term
| antimuscarinic to reduce urgency in mild cystitis and reduce bladder spasms |
|
Definition
| oxybutynin, glycopyrrolate |
|
|
Term
| antimuscarinic used in tx of asthma and COPD |
|
Definition
|
|
