Term
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Definition
| Airway, Breathing, Circulation |
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Term
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Definition
| Emergency Health Services |
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Term
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Definition
| Automated External Defribillator |
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Term
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Definition
| Emergency Medical Responder |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Estimated Time of Arrival |
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Term
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Definition
Altered Mental State
or
Acute Mountain Sickness |
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Term
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Definition
| Emergency Transport Vehicle |
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Term
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Definition
| Foreign Body Airway Obstruction |
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Term
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Definition
| Avalanche Skills Training |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Alert, Verbal, Pain, Unresponsive |
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Term
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Definition
| High Altitude Pulmonary Edema |
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Term
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Definition
| British Columbia Ambulance Service |
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Term
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Definition
| High Altitude Pulmonary Edema |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| History of Chief Complaint |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| Circulation, Motor, Sensory |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Critical Transport Category |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Normal, Warm, and Dry (skin) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Deformities
Contusions
Abrasions
Punctures/Penetrations
Bruising
Lacerations
Tenderness
Swelling |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
onset
provocation/palliation
quality
radiation
severity
timing |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| pulseless electrical activity |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Pupils equal and reactive to light |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| positive pressure ventilation |
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Term
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Definition
| standard transport category |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| return of spontaneous circulation |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
signs/symptoms
allergies
medications
past medical Hx
Last ins and outs
Event leading up |
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Term
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Definition
Hazards identified
Environment/Evacuation
Moi/Noi
Patient(s) #of
BSI/standard precautions
Condition of Patients |
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Term
| Priority action approach of patient assessment |
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Definition
Scene Assessment
Primary Survey/Critical Interventions
Transport Decision
Secondary Survey |
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Term
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Definition
time taken
respiration
pulse
LOR
pupils
Skin |
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Term
normal pulse rates
(adult and child) |
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Definition
adult: 60-100bpm
child: 70-100bpm |
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Term
| what could a strong slow pulse mean? |
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Definition
sleep
simple fainting
early increases intracranial pressure
well-conditioned athlete |
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Term
| what could a weak slow pulse mean? |
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Definition
hypothermia
late increased intracranial pressure |
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Term
| what could a strong rapid pulse mean? |
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Definition
early heat stroke
fever
overactive thyroid gland
early shock
excitement or fright
strenuous physical activity |
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Term
| what could a weak rapid pulse mean? |
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Definition
overwhelming infection
late heat stroke
late shock
diabetic coma
some types of heart disease |
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Term
| how often should you check vitals? |
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Definition
unstable: 5 minutes
stable: 10-15 minutes |
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Term
| What are the 3 criteria used for SMR determination: in the presence of sustained blunt and/or penetrating trauma (w/ spinal MOI) |
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Definition
Criteria 1: (if yes SMR)
- multi-trauma
- AMS (GCS<15)
- focal neurological deficits
- thoracic/suprathoracic injury
- significant distracting injury
criteria 2 (if yes SMR)
- midline spinal column pain
- antomical deformity of the spine
Criteria #3 (is yes NO SMR)
- patient is capable of rotating their neck 45 degress left and right without experiencing pain |
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Term
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Definition
| middle of ear (tragus) or corner of the jaw to the edge of mouth |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| middle of ear (tragus) to corner of nostril |
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Term
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Definition
| patients with maxilla-facial injuries |
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Term
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Definition
suction for no more than 10-15 s adult
no more than 5-10s pediatric
consider pre-oxygenating the Pt
look in nose/mouth to locate fluid or object
never suction past where you can see
begin when catheter in the mouth, terminate when withdrawn |
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Term
|
Definition
Nasal Cannula: 1-6 LPM
Non Rebreather: 10-15 LPM |
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Term
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Definition
if the Pt is able to make noise encourage them to clear the blockage on their own
complete blockage:
5 back blows
5 abdominal thrust
unconscious:
look inside mouth, remove visible obstruction
30 chest compressions
look for blockage and remove if possible
airway manoeuver (jaw thrust) + 2 breaths |
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Term
|
Definition
If Pt is making noises (partial blockage) position so that gravity is working in their favour
complete blockage:
position with head lower than body and perform 5 back blows
turn baby over and look in mouth
5 compressions (1/3 depth)
look into mouth
unconscious:
30 chest compressions
look inside mouth
2 quick 1 second breaths
look inside mouth |
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Term
COPD
emphysema, chronic bronchitis
S/S |
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Definition
alveoli unable to expel air they contain
older, thin & sickly
portable O2
tripoding, pursed, blue lips
barrel-chested; forced, extended exhalation
LOR - agitated
RESP - distressed, wheezing, forced extended exhalation. accessory muscle use
CVS - tachycardia
SKIN - pale, cool, diaphoretic, cyanosis, LLS
RBS - hyper-inflated chest |
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Term
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Definition
wheezing during respirations
reactivity of trachea/bronchi/brichioles
bronchospasm
swelling of mucous membranes
plugging of bronchi (1way valves)
expiration difficult hyper-inflation
medical emergency
LOR - very agitated, air hunger
RESP - distressed, wheezing, forces extended exhalation. accessory muscle use
CVS - tachycardia
SKIN - pale, cool, diaphoretic, cyanosis,LLS
RBS - hyper-inflated chest, tripoding |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| how should conscious pts w/ trouble breathing be transported? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
initiate critical transport
ABCDs, maintain airway
O2, position of comfort and transport
salbutamol for asthma/COPD |
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Term
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Definition
dizziness
confusion
headache
partial/complete unresponsiveness
sudden respiratory arrest
skin may be pale, blue, pink, or bright red |
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Term
| carbon monoxide management |
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Definition
remove Pt for CO
Critical Transport
oxygen at high flow rate
support breathing |
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Term
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Definition
| life threatening allergic reaction |
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Term
|
Definition
SHOCK: vascular dilation with bronchoconstriction (poor perfusion, poor oxygenation)
RESP: sneezing, nasal itching, chest tightness, dry cough, forced expiration, difficulty breathing, apnea
CVS: vasodilation, low BP, fast week HR, pallor, collapse
SKIN: generalized itching, numbness and tingling around the mouth, hives, facial edema, cyanosis
GI: nausea and vomiting |
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Term
|
Definition
Critical Transport
EPI 0.3mg IM to effect Q 5m x3 (AP)
loratadine 10mg (AP)
O2, position of comfort, transport
remove stigners
prepare to call EP to request additional doses
continually assess L-ABCs (2-3 m)
record vitals (5 m) |
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Term
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Definition
| medical term for vomiting |
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Term
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Definition
| temporary cessation of breathing |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
air accumulated in the pleural space
air enters thru a hole in the chest wall
lung may collapse in a few seconds or a few minutes |
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Term
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Definition
| open or penetrating wound to the chest |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| coughing up blood from some part of the lungs |
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Term
|
Definition
air under the skin tissues
anxiety and fear
pain at the site of injury
pain aggravated by increased breathing
dyspnea
hemoptysis
failure of the chest to expand normally
rapid, weak pulse, and low blood pressure
cyanosis - central and peripheral |
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Term
|
Definition
clear and manage the airway
O2: high flow NRB or PPV with pocketmask
*avoid BVM*
seal open wounds with an occlusive dressing (tape down 3 sides only to create a flutter valve) |
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Term
|
Definition
weak area of the lungs rupture spontaneously, allowing air into the pleural space
sudden sharp chest pain and laboured breathing |
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Term
|
Definition
collection of blood in the pleural space
S/S of shock
decreased breath sounds on affected side |
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Term
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Definition
| both air and blood in the pleural space |
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Term
|
Definition
can develop after sealing all four sides of the dressing on a sucking chest wound, from a fractures rib puncturing the lung or bronchus, or from a spontaneous pneumo
S/S:
resp. distress
distended neck veins
tracheal deviation
tachycardia
decreased lung sounds |
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Term
|
Definition
| three or more rubs fractures in two or more places or when the sternum is fractures in addition to several ribs |
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Term
|
Definition
maintain airway
provide resp support ()2 high flow NRB)
perform ongoing assessment
immobilize flail segment |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
sudden, severe compression of the chest
produces rapid increase in pressure w/in chest
JVD, cyanosis, bleeding into the eyes
CTC
supplemental O2, monitor V/S |
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Term
|
Definition
bruising of heart muscle
irregular pulse
arrhythmias and cardiogenic shock
CTC
V/S, supplemental O2 |
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Term
|
Definition
blood or other fluid collect in the pericardiam
S/S:
very soft and faitn heart sounds
weak pulse
low BP
narrowing pulse pressure
JVD
CTC, O2 |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, pulmonary arteries and veins and aorta are contained w/in the mediastinum
injury to these vessels can cause immediate or delayed fatal hemorrhaging
CPR
Vent
O2
CTC |
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Term
| aortic rupture and dissection |
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Definition
often lethal
deceleration/inertia injury
massive bleeding/hypovolemic shock
anerysm
S/S
acute chest or back pain
signs of profound shock |
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Term
|
Definition
sudden cardiac arrest due to blunt thoracic trauma that interrupts the electrical activity of the heart
usually following a direct blow to the chest |
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Term
|
Definition
cardiogenic
obstructive
distributive
hypovolemic |
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Term
|
Definition
inadequate fxn of myocardium either due to injury or pathology
most common NOI: MI
results in pulmonary edema |
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Term
| what percent of MI pts. develop cardiogenic shock |
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Definition
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Term
| mortality rate of Cardiogenic shock |
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Definition
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Term
| causes of cardiogenic shock |
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Definition
MI
hypothermia rewarming
heart arrhythmias
heart trauma |
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Term
|
Definition
blockage prevents oxygenated blood from reaching vital organs
hypoxemia -> hypoxia -> shock |
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Term
| most common causes of obstructive shock |
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Definition
| tension pneumothorax, pericardial tamponade, pulmonary embolism |
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Term
|
Definition
| low levels of oxygen in your blood |
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Term
|
Definition
loss of vascular tone
blood vessels dilate without an increase in fluid volume
decreased BP and venous return
cardiac output is decreased |
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Term
| types of distributive shock |
|
Definition
psychogenic shock
acidosis/septicemia
neurogenic shock
anaphylactic shock |
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Term
|
Definition
caused by sudden reaction of the nervous system that produces a temporary generalized vascular dilation
fainting/syncope |
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Term
|
Definition
pt w/ kidney failure, infections, may have an inability to remove waste products from their blood
reduced cellular metabolism due to a buildup of waste products |
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Term
|
Definition
disruption to CNS typically from a spinal cord injury
lack of neurological messaging from spinal cord leads to widespread vasodilation |
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Term
|
Definition
combines distributive and obstructive types
facial edema and brochoconstriction -> hypoxemia
low BP lead to hypoperfusion |
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Term
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Definition
| results from fluid or blood loss |
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Term
| how much of total blood volume is depleted to show hypovolemic shock |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
<15% pale, slight anxiety, light headed
15-30% cool and clammy, repid pulse and breathing, restlessness, agitation, and combativeness
30-40% rapid or absent radial pulses, shallow rapid breathing, possibly unresponsive
>40% catastrophic injury, absent pulses, cardiac arrest |
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Term
|
Definition
changes in skin tone
changes in personality
agitation, anxiety, restlessness, combative
increase HR
increase RR
decrease BP
SOB
nausea and vomiting
sense of impendeing doom
delayed cap refill
marked thirst
starts to LLS |
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Term
|
Definition
loss of radial pulses
falling BP
laboured, irregular breathing
Fast HR, starts to slow
LOR continues to decrease
ashen, mottled, cyanotic skin
dull eyes, dilated pupils
poor urinary output |
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Term
|
Definition
terminal stage of shock
transfusion will not save life
disseminating intracoagulation |
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Term
| coronary artery disease risk factors |
|
Definition
age/family Hx
smoking/hypertension
diabetes/high cholesterol |
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Term
|
Definition
chest discomfort/pain
feeling of fullness or may mimic indigestion
pressure/weight on chest
substernal, often radiates to jaw, arms, shoulders, neck and back
SOB
nausea and vomiting
anxiety
LLS
typically resolves with rest and nitroglycerin |
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Term
| myocardial infarction (MI) |
|
Definition
chest discomfort/pain
feeling of fullness, indigestion
weight or pressure
substernal, often radiates to jaw, arms, shoulders, neck and back
SOB
nausea and vomiting
anxiety
sweating
LLS
can lead to sudden cardiac arrest |
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Term
| hypoxia-induced sudden cardiac arrest |
|
Definition
tissues becomes oxygen starves
myocardium becomes irritable
contractions weaken
pacing impulses become disorganized
strong probability of Vfib |
|
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Term
|
Definition
allergy
previous asparin in last 6 h (top up to 162mg)
pediatric
known bleeding disorder
inability to swallow
angina patient who has pain resolution with NTG are not indicated for ASA
significant traumatic injuries |
|
|
Term
| when to initiate Nitroglycerin AP |
|
Definition
complaint of chest pain - cardiac in nature
pattern mimics previous angina attacks
prior diagnosis of angina
Rx |
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|
Term
| what is cardiac arrest survival dependent on? |
|
Definition
early CPR (w/in first minutes)
CPR performed properly
early AED
early ALS
obtain the highest coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) |
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Term
|
Definition
normal sinus rhythm
pulseless electrical activity (pea)
asystole
pulseless v tach
v fib |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
reasons for withholding CPR
DRIEDF |
|
Definition
decapitation
rigor mortis
incinerated
eviscerated
decomposing
frozen solid |
|
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Term
|
Definition
neutral head position
2 hands
1/3 chest depth
100-120/min
30:2 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
neutral head position
1 or 2 hands
1/3 chest depth
100-120/min
30:2
15:1 (2+ rescuers) |
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|
Term
| CPR infant (less than 1 yr) |
|
Definition
neutral head position
2 fingers
1/3 chest depth
100-120/min
30:2
15:1 (2+ rescuers) |
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Term
| non-traumatic arrest algorithm |
|
Definition
transport initiated after:
6 cycles of CPR with AED
cycle = 2 min of CPR, AED shock or no shock
pts with ROSH should be transported immediately
AED remains attached during transport |
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Term
| traumatic arrest algorithm |
|
Definition
completion of 6 cycles of CPR with AED
consider moving after 3 cycles ONLY IF ALS immediately available
cycle = 2 m of CPR with AED analysis
Pts with ROSC should be transported immediately
AED remains attached
Tx trauma if possible ASAP |
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|
Term
| when should you conduct RBS during CPR |
|
Definition
| after good CPR is established and within 3 cycles of CPR |
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|
Term
Avalanche Burial Algorithm
< 60 m |
|
Definition
Assessment: if no signs of life are present (including <10 s pulse check) begin CPR without delay
AED protocol:
complete (6) cycles of CPR & AED
Pts with ROSC should be transported immediately with continual observation
AED should remain attached to the Pt during transport |
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|
Term
Avalanch Curial Algorithm
> 60 m |
|
Definition
assessment: if no signs of life are present (including <10 pulse check) assess for:
Air Pocket
No = Do Not Initiate Resuscitation
Yes = Initiate Resuscitation
Uncertain = Inititiate resuscitation
Avalung = Initiate resuscitation
Pts with ROSC should be transported immediately with continual observation
AED should remain attached |
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|
Term
| Should you prioritize treatment or transport in cardiac arrest? |
|
Definition
Treatment
survival depends on early recognition and early treatment |
|
|
Term
| What are the 5 mechanisms of injury |
|
Definition
blunt
penetrating
rotational
crush
blast |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
rapid deceleration (impact related)
rapid acceleration
compression
penetrating or impaled object
near drowning
hyper-/hypo-thermia
electrical injury (lightning)
non-traumatic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
concussion
cerebral contusion
diffuse axonal injury
coup-contrecoup
anoxic brain injury |
|
|
Term
| Non-Traumatic Brain Injuries |
|
Definition
medical conditions such as hypertensions may cause aneurysm
congenital abnormalities, malformations
signs and symptoms are the same as NTBI |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| occur from external trauma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
occur from inadequate brain perfusion
delayed rxn from primary injury |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| forgetting events leading up to injury |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| forgetting events after injury |
|
|
Term
| signs of neurological deterioration |
|
Definition
change in GCS of 2 or more points
increased severity of headache
increased in size of pupil
reverse pupillary reaction
deteriorating motor function
development of weakness on one side |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| symptoms of a severe head injury |
|
Definition
unequal or unreactive pupillary response
unequal motor exam
open head injury |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Eye Opening (E)
4-spontaneous
3-to voice
2-to pain
1-none
Verbal Response (V)
5-oriented to conversation
4-confused conversation
3-innapropriate words
2-incomprehensible sounds
1-none
Motor Response (M)
6-obeys commands
5-localized to pain
4-withdraws to pain
3-decorticate posture
2-decerebrate
1-none |
|
|
Term
| how should you position a SMR pt. who requires airway drainage |
|
Definition
supine on a vac mattress or clamshell
left side down (stomach below esophagus)
head up hill
(rolled blanket on down side with assist in keeping the pt. in neutral position) |
|
|
Term
| what does the brain stem do? |
|
Definition
controls life fxn
i.e. breathing, swallowing, responsiveness, and cardiovascular |
|
|
Term
| what does the cerebellum do? |
|
Definition
| controls balance and coordination |
|
|
Term
| what does the cerebrum do? |
|
Definition
| controls emotion, thought, speech, integration, sensation and motor fxn |
|
|
Term
| what does the spinal cord do? |
|
Definition
connect the peripheral nervous system to the brain, transmitting information to and from the brain
part of CNS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
affecting all parts of the CNS equally
decreased levels of responsiveness or abnormally stimulated states |
|
|
Term
| localized/focal AMS malfunction |
|
Definition
affecting a portion of the body
motor weakness, balance problems, vision loss, or speech abnormalities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A: alcohol and acidosis
E: epilepsy, environment, and electrolytes
I: insulin
O: oxygen and overdose
U: uremia
T: trauma and tumors
I: infection
P: poisoning and psychiatric causes
S: seizure, stroke, and syncope |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| electrical distrubances in the brain, causes altered awareness, attentiveness, responsiveness, behaviour, or body movement; lasts seconds to hours |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| muscle rigidity and contraction on both sides of the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| muscle rigidity and contraction on one side of body, with lowered LOR |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| muscle regidity and contraction on one side of body, WITHOUT lowered LOR |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| blanking our for a period |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| precipitated by a fever in children - usually 6mo to 5y |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
destroys cells that produce insulin
need insulin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
cells are resistant to action of insulin
controlled by diet/exercise
and medication in many cases |
|
|
Term
| type 3 gestation diabetes |
|
Definition
| develops during pregnancy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| insulin dependent diabetes mellitus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| genetic, drug or hormone induced |
|
|
Term
hypoglycemia
blood sugar
causes
S/S |
|
Definition
blood sugar less than 4 mmol/L
pt. took too much diabetes medication or took medication and did not eat adequately
S/S: anxiety, dizziness, tachychardia, diaphoresis, tremore, headache, mild confusion, conscious, and able to shallow
*resolves after eating glucose* |
|
|
Term
hyperglycemia
blood sugar levels
causes
early S/S
late S/S |
|
Definition
blood sugar greater than 11 mmol/L
causes Pt. forgot to take diabetic medication
early S/S: polyuria, polydipsia, dry mouth, fatigue
late S/S: nausea, vomiting, abdo pain, AMS, coma, brain injury, death |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
transient ischemic attack
temporary interruption of blood flow to an area in the brain
no permanent brain damage
S/S resolve w.in 24h after embolism moveson
early warning sign of a more serious stroke |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
80% of strokes
embolism - disrupted blood flow due to foreign material in the blood vessel |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
blood vessels ruptures in the brain
hematoma forms, placing pressure on brain
caused by strl weakness in vessel |
|
|
Term
| what are some possible reasons for altered LOC? |
|
Definition
hypoglycemiA
opioid overdose
hypoxia
hypothermia
seizure
alcohol intoxication |
|
|
Term
| considerations when delivering oral glucose to an UNconscious pt |
|
Definition
airway must be controlled
suction on hand, proper drainage, recovery positioning |
|
|
Term
symptom-based AMS management
AEIOUTIPS |
|
Definition
A: alcohol/acidosis: protect airway, support respirations, rapid transport
E: epilepsy, environment, & electrolytes: protect from injury, protect airway, take steps to restore a normal body T, rapid transport
I - insulin: give sugar, activate EMS, monitor, transport
O - oxygen and overdose: maintain ABCDs, high flow O2, rapid transport, naloxone
U - uremia: maintain ABCDs and transport
T - trauma and tumours: maintain ABCDs, high flow O2, Tx to prevent shock, rapid transport
I - infection: maintain ABCDs, if remote - clean wound, cool fever, suggest NSAID
P - poisoning and psychiatric causes: main ABCDs, high flow O2, contact poison control, for psychosis - support and prevent from harming self
S - seizures, stroke, and syncope: prevent further injury, maintain ABCDs, high flow O2, activate EMS, rapid transport |
|
|
Term
| how many bones in the human body |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
long bones (humerus, radius, ulna, femure, tibia, fibula)
flat bones (skull, scapula, ribs, sternum, pelvis)
irregular (vertebrae, wrist, hands, ankle, feet, patella) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ball and socket: hip
hinge: fingers and toes
gliding: conduloid - btw radius, scaphoid and lunate bones - wrist
pivot: atlantoaxial joint - btw the atlas and axis
suture: skull, pelvis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
skeletal (voluntary)
smooth
cardiac |
|
|
Term
| signs that may indicate nerve damage |
|
Definition
numbness and tingling in the distal extremity
pt is unable to move the digits in that extremity
pt is unable to identify which digit you are touching in the injured limb |
|
|
Term
| Tx musculoskeletal injuries |
|
Definition
evaluate each side separately
note CMS distal to injury
expose injury site
palpate injured area last
formulate management plan
reassess CMS often |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
split before moving pt
check CMS before/after
manually stabilize injured area
use correct type/size, pad as needed
position, move limb carefully, and secure starting at the stable end (proximal) and moving towards unstable end (distal)
if shock is significant work quickly and transport
if deformity is present with fracture, align if possible
if alignment not possible secure in best position for stability/comfort
remove jewellery - account for it
immobilize above and below injury |
|
|
Term
| why might alignment of a broken bone not be possible? |
|
Definition
open fracture
severely angulate and/or fracture at joint
patient who will not allow movement
injury with impaled object |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
develops when swelling or bleeding occurs w/in a compartment.
fascia does not stretch causing restricted blood flow
more common in forearm and low leg injuries
compresses nerve and vessel - pallor, pulseless, extreme pain |
|
|
Term
traction splints
(slishman or sager) |
|
Definition
| indicated for MID-SHAFT femur or MID-SHAFT tibia/fibula with gross deformity and/or pain reduction when the leg is realigned into a neutral position. |
|
|
Term
| Slishman splint protocol contraindication |
|
Definition
environment: inclement weather or unsuitable scene conditions
Joint: no hip, knee, or ankle involvement
unstable pt/multi-system trauma: no delay in transport to apply unless needed as critical intervention; consider applying if waiting for transport |
|
|
Term
| Sager splint protocol contradindications |
|
Definition
EJUGS
ENVIRONMENT: inclement weather or unsuitable scene conditions
JOINT: no hip, knee, or ankle involvement
UNSTABLE pts/multi-system trauma: no delay in transport to apply unless needed as critical intervention; consider applying if waiting for transport
GROIN or perineal injury
SIZE of pt. (too small) |
|
|
Term
| How much traction to apply with a sager splint? |
|
Definition
| 10% of the pts body weight to a maximum of 15 lbs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
suspected anterior shoulder dislocation evacuation intervention
relaxation technique that is intended to provide pain relief allowing the extremity to be repositioned into the anatomical position: may result in self-relocation |
|
|
Term
| contraindications for SAS-DEI |
|
Definition
*anterior shoulder dislocation*
suspected fracture caused by direct mechanism
arm is neurovascularly compromised (pulseless or parethesia)
pt does not give consent |
|
|
Term
suspected patellar dislocation
contraindication |
|
Definition
suspected fracture caused by a direct mechanism
leg is neurovasculary compromised
pt does not give consent |
|
|
Term
| amputated finger preparation for transportation |
|
Definition
dress the finger in sterile, moist gauze
place the finger in a waterproof bag
keep the finger cool, but protect from freezing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| clean, replace flap, bandage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| preserve part, keep moist and cool, send with pt., splint injured area |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stabilize in place; rarely needs to be replaced |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
red streaks extending from the wound
swelling of lymph nodes
redness and pain around the affected area |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
sign of compensatory shock:
- change in skin tone
- change in personality
- tachycardia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
heavily bleeding junctional wounds (ie cant use tourniquet
large wounds with a deep cavity (even if using tourniquet) |
|
|
Term
| when NOT to pack a wound? |
|
Definition
chest and abdominal wounds.
wound cavity with minimal bleeding |
|
|
Term
| special considerations for face, eye, and neck injuries |
|
Definition
expect anxiety, c-spine involvement, and airway/breathing concerns.
significant bleeding, may be disproportional to size of wound
continuously monitor for changes in status |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
inquire about vision
PERL
blood - sclera, hyphema
symmetry and stability
blood - external or from within |
|
|
Term
| assessing nose & mouth injuries |
|
Definition
abnormal colour - bluish or pale
broken or missing teeth
jaw alignment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
symmety
midline shift
swelling
airway compromise
c-spine involvement
bleeding |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
external structures
fluids - color noted, CSF (bullseye)
battle signs
foreign body in ear canal
hearing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
nosebleed
Tx:
pinch the nostrils for 15-20 m
ice the nose for 10 m
stop for 5 m
repeat |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
thermal
chemical
electrical
radiation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1st degree
(superficial burns)
2nd degree
(superficial partial thickness and deep partial thickness)
3rd degree
(full thickness)
4th degree
(full thickness to the bone) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1st degree
damage limited to epidermis
red skin that blanche markedly and widely with light pressure
painful, tender |
|
|
Term
| superficial partial thickness burns |
|
Definition
2nd degree
limited to epidermis and out part of the dermis
red, blanches with pressure
painful and tender
blisters develop and may subsequently fill with fluid |
|
|
Term
| deep partial thickness burns |
|
Definition
2nd degree
damage extends into deeper layers of the dermis
may be white, red, or mottled red and white. do not blanch and are less painful and tended then more superficial burns
blisters may develop but these burns tend to be dry |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
3rd degree
damage extends thru all the layers of the skin and possibly into underlying tissues
may be white and pliable, black and charred, brown and leathery, or bright red
usually results in impaired feeling/pain (nerve damage)
pale skin may simulate normal skin but will not blanch with pressure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
use PPE, haz mat?
brush off dry chems
irrigiate with tepid water at least 15 minutes AFTER there is any visible trace of the chemical
do not neutralize
remove all clothing and jewellery
CANUTEC and Poison Control
CTC |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
make sure power is off
maintain ABCDs, high-flow oxygen if indicated
maintain SMR
check for burns at contact points
CPR/AED if needed
*burns might be beneath the surface*
CTC |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
put out flames/remove from flames
NO chem. fire extinguishers
remove burned, singed, or smoldering clothing (do not pull fabric if melted on)
do not break blisters
do not apply cold compresses or ice |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
if the burn is from anything other than UV -> pt should be treated by Hazmat
CTC (except sun burn) |
|
|
Term
| what burns are considered critical? |
|
Definition
child <10 yo
elderly >65 yo
more than 1 body part
head, neck, hands, feet, genitals, major joints
burns that are full limb circumference
inhalation injury/burn
difficulty breathing/hoarseness
chem/electrical burns
partial-thickness burns >10%TBSA
full-thickness burns
serious underlying medical disorder (diabetes, heart disease)
special social, emotional, or physical needs
radiative materials |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| LIVER, right kidney, colon, pancreas, gallbladder |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| SPLEEN, STOMACH, left kidney, stomach, colon, pancreas |
|
|
Term
| organs in RLQ and LLQ abdo |
|
Definition
| INTESTINES, BLADDER, kidneys, colon, small intestines, major artery/vein to legs, ureter, appendix (LR), reproductive organs |
|
|
Term
| causes of acute abdo pain |
|
Definition
appendicitis
pancreatis
hepatitis
cholecystitis
pyelonephritis
neprolithiasis
bowel obstruction
perforated bowel
peptic ulcerative disease
esophagitis and GI bleeding
abdo aortic aneurysm
OB/GYN-related |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
normal or high BP
confusion
impaired responsiveness
head/eyes turned to one side
weakness, paralysis, paresthesia on one side of body or possibly on both
hemiplegia/hemiparesis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
weakness of inability to move on one side of the body
facial drooping, drooling, difficulty swallowing, slurred speech
difficulty maintaining airway
seizures, headaches, or dizziness
aphasia/expressive dysphasis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| paralysis or weakness of one side of the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
impaired expression and understanding of language, reading, and writing
results from damage (stoke, TBI) to areas of the brain that are responsible for language |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| language disorder that affects a person's ability to speak and articulate language coherently |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
FACE: ask pt to smile and see if both sides of the face react equally
ARMS: have a pt close their eyes and extend their arms with the palms upwards and look for equality
SPEECH: ask pt a question look for any lack of understanding, lack of ability to form words (slurring), word salad
TIME: when was the pt last known to be symptom-free |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
CTC
maintain airway (suction?) O2
V/S
caution for seizures
recovery position |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
simple partial
pt fully aware and able to recall events during the seizure
brief <2m
vary depending on the part of the brain |
|
|
Term
| focal impaired awareness seizure |
|
Definition
complex partial
pt loses awareness while only part of the body twitches |
|
|
Term
| what are the most common seizures in adult epilectic pts |
|
Definition
| focal impaired awareness (complex partial) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
any seizure recurring every few minutes
lasts longer than 10 mins
prolonged postictal state
3 or more in a row, no return to normal
medical emergency |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
congenital (epilepsy)
str problems in brain (tumour, scar, infection)
metabolic disorders - diabetes
chemical disorders (poison, drugs, alcohol)
sudden high fever (febrile)
hypoxia |
|
|
Term
| postictal state (after seizure) |
|
Definition
post-seizure state of unresponsiveness with deep & laboured respirations
hemiparesis possible
lethargic, confused, or combative
hypoglycemia/infection? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
protect person from injury
do not place object btw pt's teeth
possible head injury?
LOR-ABCDs
once seizure is over assess for injuries
med Hx
rest
protect pt dignity |
|
|
Term
| airway considerations for pediatric emergencies |
|
Definition
smaller nose and mouth
more space is taken up by tongue
narrower trachea
cricoid cartilafe is less rigid and less developed
airway structures are more easily obstructed |
|
|
Term
| breathing considerations for pediatric emergencies |
|
Definition
newborn breathe thru nose
infants/small children use diaphragm
rate and minute volume ar ehigher
high incidence or resp failure
may be first indicated of emergency |
|
|
Term
| bleeding/shock considerations for pediatric emergencies |
|
Definition
cardiovasc/nervous system are vulnerable to toxins
proportionally less blood
initial compensation to shock is better, but fails quickly (hypovolemia is dangerous)
thermoregulation can be of concern |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
caused by infection
develops over 1-4 days
lethargy, fever, headache, stiff neck
CTC |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| blow to the chest, interrupts normal electrical pattern of heart, treated with debrillation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a partial break in a bone where the bone cracks on one side but doesn't break all the way through |
|
|
Term
| pediatric assessment triangle |
|
Definition
appearance
work of breathing
circulation to skin
general impression, first 30s
IDs physiological instability
1 side = sick
2+sides = urgent medical care |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
pediatric appearance
TONE: moving, resisting, or limp listless flaccid
INTERACTIVENESS - alert, grasp and play with objects
CONSOLABILITY: comforted or agitation unrelieved
LOOK/GAZE: fix gaze or glassy stare
SPEECH/CRY" strong spontaneous or weak and high pitched, speech confused, garbled |
|
|
Term
| snoring or gurgling breathing indicative of... |
|
Definition
| oropharynx partially obstructed |
|
|
Term
| muffled or hoarse breathing indicative of... |
|
Definition
| inflammation of glottis or supraglottis |
|
|
Term
| stridor high pitched indicative of... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| primary vs secondary hypothermia |
|
Definition
primary due to environmental exposure
secondary due to systemic disorders |
|
|
Term
| frostbite classifications |
|
Definition
superficial: no permanent damage
partial thickness: partial damage
full thickness: severe damage, tissue death |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Body temp falls after warming in hypothermic patient due to peripheral circulation returning that can result in cardiogenic shock |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
patient is cold 35-32 degrees
alert
conscious and shivering
may be ambulatory
remove wet clothes
sugary fluids
rewarm - light exercise after dry and fed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
pt is very cold 32-28 degrees
no shivering
confused, decreased LOR
remove wet clothes
cover head and neck, gently
do not rub extremities
do not allow to sit or stand
do not attempt to rewarm - insulate only
no exercise
highflow O2
CTC |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
< 28 degrees
shivering assessment
unresponsive with s/s of life
maintain ABCs
remove wet clothes
cover head and neck
handle gently, do not rub extremities
do not attempt to rewarm
CTC |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
< 23 degrees
unresponsive w.out s/s of life
active internal rewarming (ECMO)
initiate hypothermia CPR protocol
prevent from further T drop - insulate
CTC |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
muscular
electrolyte/dehydration issues |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
move to cool/shade
monitor V/S
hydration and O2
electrolyte or salt water
position for comfort
Tx for shock
treat other injuries
Transport where appropriate
HEAT STROKE:
- lower the bodyT repdily
ice pack neck armpits groin
remove clothing, apply wet towels, fan
monitorT
CTC |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
low <1,524m <5000'
intermediate 1542-2438m 5000-8000'
high altitude 2438-3658m 8000-12000'
very high altitude 3658-5486m 12000-18000'
extreme altitude >5486m >18000' |
|
|
Term
| management of altitude injuries |
|
Definition
descend to lower elevation rapidly
ABCSd and critical interventions
CTC in upright position
O2
gammow bag if available |
|
|
Term
| ways a substance enters the body... |
|
Definition
ingestion (GI)
inhalation (lungs)
transdermal absorption (skin)
injection (placement in or near bloodstream, needles)
through the eye |
|
|
Term
| Triage categories "ID-ME" |
|
Definition
I - immediate (Red)
person will die unless immediate Tx
problems with ABC
D - delayed (yellow)
needs Tx, but will not rapidly deteriorate in 4h
complications with ABCs
M - minimal (green)
minor injuries that can go untreated for more than 4 hours
walking wounded
E - expectant (black or blue)
little if any chance of survival
already dead or will die regardless of Tx |
|
|
Term
| Worker's Compensation Act |
|
Definition
| provides mutual protection to employers and workers. When you provide first aid services to a worker as part of your employment, you canoot be sued for inadvertent injury caused by a negligent act or omission |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| emergency care provided to an injured or ill worker in the workplace |
|
|
Term
| what paperwork must be completed for every pt? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what do Regulation Requirement for first aid kits in BC state? |
|
Definition
| first aid kits must be readily available and that the door to the first aid room must be clearly marked |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what to do in the workplace when workers are exposed to infectious materials |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
contains information for hazardous products
will have first aid information |
|
|
Term
| What are examples of non limb/life threatening injuries in the workplace that still must be transported to medical aid for further assessement/Tx |
|
Definition
a large laceration to the palm of a worker's hand from a rusty nail
a puncture wound on the back of the hand in the area of a tendon
a dogbite
a 3cm laceration to the cheek |
|
|
Term
| when should skin closures be used in workplace first aid? |
|
Definition
soft tissue injuries where the pt is not being directed to further medical aid
clean the surrounding skin with warm water, use skin closures, and then apply a dressing to the wound |
|
|
Term
| considerations for medication APs in workplace first aid |
|
Definition
ensure you know all indications
inform the pt of all possible side effects
check the expiry date |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| alert and oriented to person, place, time, and event |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lateral extension of scapula to highest point in shoulder |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| group of conditions caused by ruptured or eroded plaque e.g. MI, angina |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an abnormal pattern of breathing and brainstem reflex characterized by gasping, laboured breathing shortly before death |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| study of human structures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| study of how organisms function |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| not enough red blood cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dilation of blood vessel (like a bubble) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| swelling below skin or mucosa due to allergy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| not enough oxygen reaching the tissues |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| foreign substance in body that stimulated creation of an antibody |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| largest artery in body, supplies all other vessel |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stomach content into lungs, more likely into right lung due to steeper bronchus if upright |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| restoration of normal heart rhythm by electrical shock |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| abnormal pattern of breathing characterized by progressively deeper, and sometimes faster, breathing followed by a gradual decrease that results in apnea. typically associated with TBI and HACE |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| constant irritation of lung passageways due to disease or toxin inhalation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
fracture of the distal radius.
silver/dinner fork fracture |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of lining of eyelids and convering on the sclera |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| grinding of broken bones or crackling of subcutaneous emphysema |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inner lining of vessel disrupted and tears away |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inability to pronounce speech due to decreased blood flow to RD of brain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| can be made of blood clot, fat, air, amniotic fluid, foreign objects that breaks off and travels thru the bloodstream |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| collection of blood outside of vascular system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| changes in physiological process to ensure stable internal environment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| low o2 in tissues, organs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| insufficient O2 in tissues and organs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| enables transfer of glucose from blood into cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lack of O2 to tissues due to blockage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an infection in one fo both lungs. it can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. The alveoli fill with fluid or pus, making it difficult to breathe. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| excessive thirst or fluid intake |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| excessive excretion of fluid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a pattern of breathing seen in complete (or almost complete) airway obstruction.
As the pt attempt to breathe, the diaphragm descends, causing the abdomen tolift and the chest to sink. The reverse happens as the diaphragm relaxes
typically observed in children |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| also known as torsion fracture, is a type of complete fracture. It occurs due to a rotational, or twisting force |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the most severe form of asthma that does not respond to O2 or inhaled meds |
|
|
Term
| supine hypotensive syndrome |
|
Definition
| where fetus can compress the inferior vena cava in pregnant women leading to hypotension. resolved by laying the patient on their left side. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rapid respiration rate >24 bpm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| blood clot that forms in a vein, artery or heart |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
