Term
| buffering, transmitting source-quench messages, and windowing |
|
Definition
| three commonly used methods for handling network congestion |
|
|
Term
| Address Resolution Protocol |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) |
|
Definition
| maps network addresses to MAC addresses |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Enables network devices to learn the MAC addresses of other network devices - A network layer protocol that enables network devices to identify one another and indicate that they are still functional |
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Term
|
Definition
| Usually exist within a hierarchical address space and sometimes are called virtual or logical addresses. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| a function that prevents network congestion by ensuring that transmitting devices do not overwhelm receiving devices with data. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| used by network devices to temporarily store bursts of excess data in memory until they can be processed |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| used by receiving devices to help prevent their buffers from overflowing. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| A flow-control scheme in which the source device requires an acknowledgment from the destination after a certain number of packets have been transmitted. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Determine whether transmitted data has become corrupt or otherwise damaged while traveling from the source to the destination. Implemented at several of the OSI layers |
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cyclic redundancy check (CRC) |
|
Definition
| detects and discards corrupted data |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A process in which multiple data channels are combined into a single data or physical channel at the source |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The process of separating multiplexed data channels at the destination |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Data from multiple devices can be combined into a single physical channel using a ______________ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A physical layer device that combines multiple data streams into one or more output channels at the source |
|
|
Term
| time-division multiplexing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| asynchronous time-division multiplexing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| frequency-division multiplexing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| time-division multiplexing (TDM) |
|
Definition
| information from each data channel is allocated bandwidth based on preassigned time slots, regardless of whether there is data to transmit |
|
|
Term
| frequency-division multiplexing (FDM) |
|
Definition
| Information from each data channel is allocated bandwidth based on the signal frequency of the traffic |
|
|
Term
| asynchronous time-division multiplexing (ATDM) |
|
Definition
| Information from data channels is allocated bandwidth as needed by using dynamically assigned time slots |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bandwidth is dynamically allocated to any data channels that have information to transmit. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Multiplexing can be implemented at any of the OSI layers (T or F) |
|
|
Term
| Three protocols that use predictable MAC addresses |
|
Definition
| Xerox Network Systems (XNS), Novell Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX), and DECnet Phase IV. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Two forms of Internetwork address space |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ______________ address space is organized into a single group (in a manner similar to U.S. Social Security numbers). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Two types of network addresses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| _____________ addresses are assigned by a network administrator according to a preconceived internetwork addressing plan. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| _____________ addresses are obtained by devices when they attach to a network, by means of some protocol-specific process. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The Internet uses _______ ______ ______to map the name of a device to its IP address. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ____________ address space is organized into numerous subgroups, each successively narrowing an address until it points to a single device (in a manner similar to street addresses). |
|
|
Term
| International Organization for Standardization |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| International Organization for Standardization (ISO) |
|
Definition
| An international standards organization responsible for a wide range of standards, including many that are relevant to networking. Its best-known contribution is the development of the OSI reference model and the OSI protocol suite. |
|
|
Term
| American National Standards Institute |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| American National Standards Institute (ANSI) |
|
Definition
| A member of the ISO, is the coordinating body for voluntary standards groups within the United States. Developed the Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) and other communications standards |
|
|
Term
| Electronic Industries Association |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Electronic Industries Association (EIA) |
|
Definition
| Specifies electrical transmission standards, including those used in networking. Developed the widely used EIA/TIA-232 standard (formerly known as RS-232). |
|
|
Term
| Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) |
|
Definition
| a professional organization that defines networking and other standards. Developed the widely used LAN standards IEEE 802.3 and IEEE 802.5 |
|
|
Term
| International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Standardization Sector |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) |
|
Definition
| Formerly called the Committee for International Telegraph and Telephone (CCITT), now an international organization that develops communication standards. Developed X.25 and other communications standards. |
|
|
Term
| Internet Activities Board |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Internet Activities Board (IAB) |
|
Definition
| a group of internetwork researchers who discuss issues pertinent to the Internet and set Internet policies through decisions and task forces. Designates some Request For Comments (RFC) documents as Internet standards, including Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) and the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP). |
|
|
Term
| Open System Interconnection model |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A collection of individual networks, connected by intermediate networking devices, that functions as a single large network. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Refers to the industry, products, and procedures that meet the challenge of creating and administering internetworks |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Local-area networks (LANs) |
|
Definition
| Evolved around the PC revolution. Enabled multiple users in a relatively small geographical area to exchange files and messages, as well as access shared resources such as file servers and printers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Wide-area networks (WANs) |
|
Definition
| interconnect LANs with geographically dispersed users to create connectivity. Some of the technologies used for connecting LANs include T1, T3, ATM, ISDN, ADSL, Frame Relay, radio links, and others. New methods of connecting dispersed LANs are appearing everyday. |
|
|
Term
| distributed denial of service |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Application layers of OSI model |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Data transport layers of OSI model |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A formal set of rules and conventions that governs how computers exchange information over a network medium. Implements the functions of one or more of the OSI layers. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A conceptual framework for communication between computers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Operate at the physical and data link layers of the OSI model and define communication over the various LAN media. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Operate at the lowest three layers of the OSI model and define communication over the various wide-area media |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Network layer protocols that are responsible for exchanging information between routers so that the routers can select the proper path for network traffic. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The various upper-layer protocols that exist in a given protocol suite |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the service user, the service provider, and the service access point (SAP). |
|
Definition
| Three basic elements involved in layer services |
|
|
Term
| service access point (SAP) |
|
Definition
| A conceptual location at which one OSI layer can request the services of another OSI layer. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The OSI layer that requests services from an adjacent OSI layer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the OSI layer that provides services to service users. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| OSI layers can provide services to multiple service users (T or F) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The seven OSI layers use various forms of ___________ __________ to communicate with their peer layers in other computer systems. This consists of specific requests and instructions that are exchanged between peer OSI layers. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Two forms of control information |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| prepended to data that has been passed down from upper layers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| appended to data that has been passed down from upper layers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An OSI layer is required to attach a header or a trailer to data from upper layers. (T or F) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When the data portion of an information unit at a given OSI layer contains headers, trailers, and data from all the higher layers. |
|
|
Term
| information exchange process |
|
Definition
| Occurs between peer OSI layers when each layer in the source system adds control information to data, and each layer in the destination system analyzes and removes the control information from that data |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The _________ layer defines the electrical, mechanical, procedural, and functional specifications for activating, maintaining, and deactivating the physical link between communicating network systems. _________ layer specifications define characteristics such as voltage levels, timing of voltage changes, physical data rates, maximum transmission distances, and physical connectors. ___________ layer implementations can be categorized as either LAN or WAN specifications. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The _______ ________ layer provides reliable transit of data across a physical network link |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| defines different network and protocol characteristics, including physical addressing, network topology, error notification, sequencing of frames, and flow control |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Defines how devices are addressed at the data link layer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Consists of the data link layer specifications that often define how devices are to be physically connected, such as in a bus or a ring topology. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Alerts upper-layer protocols that a transmission error has occurred, and the sequencing of data frames reorders frames that are transmitted out of sequence. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Moderates the transmission of data so that the receiving device is not overwhelmed with more traffic than it can handle at one time. |
|
|
Term
| MAC sublayer / LLC sublayer |
|
Definition
| Two sub-layers of the Data Link layer |
|
|
Term
| Logical Link Control (LLC) sublayer |
|
Definition
| Sublayer of the data link layer manages communications between devices over a single link of a network. Defined in the IEEE 802.2 specification and supports both connectionless and connection-oriented services used by higher-layer protocols. |
|
|
Term
| Media Access Control (MAC) sublayer |
|
Definition
| Sublayer of the data link layer that manages protocol access to the physical network medium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Enable multiple devices to uniquely identify one another at the data link layer. |
|
|
Term
| The IEEE MAC specification |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| defines the network address |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Much of the design and configuration work for internetworks happens at the layer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Defines the logical network layout, routers can use this layer to determine how to forward packets. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Accepts data from the session layer and segments the data for transport across the network. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| responsible for making sure that the data is delivered error-free and in the proper sequence. Flow control generally occurs here. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Virtual circuits are established, maintained, and terminated here. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| transport protocols used on the Internet |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Information unit whose source and destination are data link layer 2 entities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Composed of the data link layer header (and possibly a trailer) and upper-layer data. The header and trailer contain control information intended for the data link layer entity in the destination system. Data from upper-layer entities is encapsulated in the data link layer header and trailer. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An information unit whose source and destination are network layer 3 entities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Composed of the network layer header (and possibly a trailer) and upper-layer data. The header and trailer contain control information intended for the network layer entity in the destination system. Data from upper-layer entities is encapsulated in the network layer header and trailer. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Term that usually refers to an information unit whose source and destination are network layer entities that use connectionless network service. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Term that usually refers to an information unit whose source and destination are transport layer entities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An information unit whose source and destination entities exist above the network layer (often at the application layer) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an information unit of a fixed size whose source and destination are data link layer entities |
|
|
Term
| Asynchronous Transfer Mode |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Switched Multimegabit Data Service |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| used in switched environments, such as Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) and Switched Multimegabit Data Service (SMDS) networks. A _______ is composed of the header and payload. The header contains control information intended for the destination data link layer entity and is typically 5 bytes long. The payload contains upper-layer data that is encapsulated in the cell header and is typically 48 bytes long. |
|
|
Term
| False - they are always the same |
|
Definition
| The length of the header and the payload fields always different for each cell (T or F) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Two components that make up a cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a generic term that refers to a variety of information units |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| service data units (SDUs), protocol data units, and bridge protocol data units (BPDUs) |
|
|
Term
| service data units (SDUs) |
|
Definition
| Information units from upper-layer protocols that define a service request to a lower-layer protocol |
|
|
Term
| protocol data units (PDU) |
|
Definition
| OSI terminology for a packet |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| bridge protocol data units (BPDUs) |
|
Definition
| used by the spanning-tree algorithm as hello messages |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A network device that does not perform routing or other traffic forwarding functions. Include such devices as terminals, personal computers, and printers. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a network device that performs routing or other traffic-forwarding functions. Include such devices as routers, switches, and bridges. |
|
|
Term
| intradomain IS and interdomain IS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| communicates within a single autonomous system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| communicates within and between autonomous systems |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a logical group of network segments and their attached devices - subdivisions of autonomous systems (AS's) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a collection of networks under a common administration that share a common routing strategy, subdivided into areas, and sometimes called a domain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This service must first establish a connection with the desired service before passing any data |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| can send the data without any need to establish a connection first |
|
|
Term
| Power over ethernet (POE) |
|
Definition
| Describes a system to pass electrical power safely, along with data, on Ethernet cabling. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The original PoE standard provides up to 15.4 W of DC power (minimum 44 V DC and 350 mA[3][4]) to each device.[5] Only 12.95 W is assured to be available at the powered device as some power is dissipated in the cable |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Updated PoE standard also known as PoE+ or PoE plus, provides up to 25.5 W of power. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Network Interface
card (NIC) |
|
Definition
| implements the electronic circuitry required to communicate using a specific physical layer 1 and data link layer 2 standard such as Ethernet, Wi-Fi, or Token Ring |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Typically a layer 2 device that serves as a controller, enabling networked devices to talk to each other efficiently. |
|
|
Term
| network address translation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| network address translation (NAT) |
|
Definition
| the process of modifying IP address information in IP packet headers while in transit across a traffic routing device. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| describes a set of general design guidelines and implementations of specific networking protocols to enable computers to communicate over a network - provides end-to-end connectivity specifying how data should be formatted, addressed, transmitted, routed and received at the destination. Protocols exist for a variety of different types of communication services between computers. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Routes traffic in-between networks |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Breaks up broadcast domains |
|
|
Term
| application-specific integrated circuit |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an Ethernet procedure by which two connected devices choose common transmission parameters, such as speed, duplex mode, and flow control. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| system that provides communication in both directions, but only one direction at a time (not simultaneously, like walkie talkies) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| allows communication in both directions, simultaneously |
|
|
Term
| medium dependent interface |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| medium dependent interface crossover |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| automatically detects the required cable connection type and configures the connection appropriately, removing the need for crossover cables to interconnect switches or connecting PCs peer-to-peer. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Foundation in the network |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Combining multiple network connections in parallel to increase throughput beyond what a single connection could sustain, and to provide redundancy in case one of the links fails |
|
|
Term
| Trucking, Link Bonding, Ethernet/network/NIC bonding or NIC teaming |
|
Definition
| Alternate terms for link aggregation |
|
|
