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| ____ transmission is the exchange of data among different computers or other electronic devices through a network. |
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| _______ transmissions use voltage differences to represent the 1s and 0s in data. |
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| ______ is a digital data transmission encoding scheme in which a change in voltage from one state to another within a predetermined interval is symbolized by a 1. No voltage transition is symbolized by a 0. |
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| ______ was developed as a way to overcome the limitations of on-off keying. The transition from positive to ground represents a binary 0 and a negative to positive voltage transition in the middle of the bit period designates a binary 1. Thus, every bit involves a voltage transition and the problem of transmitting a long string of 1s or 0s is eliminated. |
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| ____ transmission is a method for data transfer from a source address to a destination address. Network nodes not involved in the transfer ignore the transmission. It is the predominant mode of transmission on LANs and the Internet. |
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| _____ transmission is a transmission method in which data is sent from a source node to all other nodes on a network. |
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| _____ transmission is a transmission method in which data is sent from a server to specific nodes that are predefined as members of a multicast group. |
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| With ____ data transmission, the transmission of bits occurs as one per clock cycle, across a single transmission medium. Transmission of synchronization, start/stop, and error correction bits occurs along with data bits, thus limiting the overall throughput of data. |
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| With _____ communications, a sender inserts special start and stop bit patterns between each byte of data. By watching for these bit patterns, the receiver can distinguish between the bytes in the data stream. |
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| With ______ communications, a byte is sent after a standardized time interval. The receiver assumes that one byte is transmitted every interval. However, the two devices must start and stop their reckoning of these intervals at precisely the same time. |
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| With ______ data transmission, transmission of multiple bits takes place by using multiple transmission lines. Many bits—even multiple bytes—can be transferred per clock cycle. Transmission of synchronization, start/stop, and error correction bits does not occur along with data bits. They are often sent over additional transmission lines, thus improving the overall throughput of data. |
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| In _____ transmissions, digital signals are sent via direct current (DC) pulses over a single, unmultiplexed signal channel. As all devices share a common transmission channel, they can send and receive over the same baseband medium, but they cannot send and receive simultaneously. |
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| ______ transmission uses analog signaling to send data over a transmission medium using the complete bandwidth of the medium. Devices cannot send and receive over the same; thus signals travel unidirectionally. Multiple signals can be combined and sent over multiple frequencies, or channels, over a single network medium. |
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| Broadband over Powerlines (BPL) |
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Definition
| _________ is a technology that allows broadband transmission over domestic power lines. This technology aims to use the existing power infrastructure to deliver Internet access to remote areas at a rapid pace. |
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| With _______ or competitive media access, the nodes themselves negotiate for media access time. |
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| With _____ or deterministic media access, a central device or system controls when and for how long each node can transmit. |
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| _____ is a controlled media access method in which a central device combines signals from multiple nodes and transmits the combined signal across a medium. |
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Term
| Time-Division Multiplexing (TDM) |
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Definition
| In ______, a communication channel is divided into discrete time slots. Each node on a network is assigned a time slot, and each sender is given exclusive access to the medium for a specific period of time. |
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| Frequency-Division Multiplexing (FDM) |
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Definition
| In _____, data from multiple nodes is sent over multiple frequencies, or channels, using a network medium. Nodes have exclusive access to the connection between themselves and a mux. The mux includes each node's signal onto its own channel, sending the resulting combined signal over the primary network medium. |
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Definition
| ______ is a controlled media access method in which a central device contacts each node to check whether it has data to transmit. |
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| A ____ hub is a type of hub that includes functions that enable you to monitor and configure its operation. |
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| Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) |
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Definition
| _____is a contention-based media access method used in Ethernet LANs to provide collision free data transfer over a medium. Nodes can transmit whenever they have data to send. However, they must take steps to detect and manage the inevitable collisions that occur when multiple nodes transmit simultaneously. |
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Term
| Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) |
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Definition
| ____ is a contention-based media access method that is primarily used in 802.11–based wireless LANs (WLANs). Nodes can transmit whenever they have data to send. However, they take steps before they transmit data to ensure that the media is not in use. |
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Definition
| A _____, also called a collision domain, is a contention-based network on which a group of nodes are allowed to compete with each other for media access. This competition results in collisions caused by frames that are transmitted simultaneously by two or more nodes. |
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| A _____ domain is a logical area in a computer network where any node connected to the network can directly transmit to any other node in the domain without having to go through a central routing device. |
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| The _____ is one half of the overall distance from the peak to the trough of the wave. |
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| ____ is defined as one complete oscillation of an analog signal. |
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| ____ is defined as the number of complete cycles per second in a wave. |
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| ____ is defined as where a wave's cycle begins in relationship to a fixed point. |
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| ____ is defined as the distance between two successive crests or troughs in a waveform. |
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| An _____ is a device that plots the amplitude of an analog signal as a function of time. |
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| Digital data is represented as binary 1s and 0s, also known as _____ states. |
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| Digital data unit measuring a single 1 or 0 is known as a ____. |
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| Digital data unit measuring four bits is known as a _______. |
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| Digital data unit measuring eights bits is known as a ______. |
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| A ____ is a device that modulates and demodulates digital data to an analog signal that can be sent over a telephone line. Its name is a combination of modulate and demodulate. |
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Term
| Amplitude Shift Key (ASK)modulation |
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Definition
| ____ changes the amplitude of the analog signal depending on the logical state of digital data. The logical state of data can be either 0 or 1. |
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Term
| Frequency Shift Key (FSK) modulation |
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Definition
| ____ changes the frequency of the analog signal depending on the logical state of digital data. |
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Term
| Binary-Phase Shift Key (BPSK) modulation |
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Definition
| _____ changes the phase of the analog signal depending on the logical state of digital data. |
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Term
| Quadrature-Phase Shift (QPSK) Key modulation |
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Definition
| ____ changes the phase of the analog signal to represent two logical states at a time. The logical states can be 00, 01, 10, and 11. |
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Term
| Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) |
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Definition
| ____ combines both amplitude and phase shift key modulations. This helps represent more than two logical states at a time. |
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