Term
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Definition
-coordinates many activities of the body
- sense changes in internal and external environment
- interprets these changes
- coordinates appropriate response in order to maintain homeostasis
- when the brain ceases functioning, the body dies |
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Term
Neurons
- sensory
- motor |
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Definition
transmit impulses
- afferent ascending
- efferent, descending |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| root like structures that receive impulses and conduct them to the cell body |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| extends away from the cell body and conducts impulses "away from the nerve cell" |
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Term
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Definition
-insulation
-accelerates impulse transmission
-appears as white covering
- myelin on axons in brain and spinal cord goes white appearance
- unmyelinates fibers, dendrites, and nerve cell bodies compromise fray matter of the brain and spinal cord |
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Term
| Schwann Cell (Peripheral Nerves) |
|
Definition
-type of neuroglial cell wrapped around axon
-forms he myelin sheath |
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Term
| Neurolemma Sheath (Peripheral Nerves) |
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Definition
-permits a damaged axon to regenerate
-neurolemma NOT found in Central nerves |
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Term
| Synapse (Neurotransmitter) |
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Definition
| space between two neurone or between a neuron and a receptor organ |
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Term
|
Definition
-impulses are passed from one neurone to another at a junction called "synapse"
-electrical current within neurone causes release of chemical substances called a "neurotransmitter"
- neurotransmitters diffuses across the synapse to receptor sites on the dendrite or the next neurone
-generates the next electrical stimuli
-terminal ends of the axon release a transmitter substance that affects the dendrites of the next neurone
-one way transmission of the impulse is assured because only the axons release these chemicals |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
-Blood brain barrier
-A star shaped neuroglial cell found in the CNS |
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Term
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Definition
| Facilitate myelin development |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Assist in CSF circulation |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Peripheral Nervous System |
|
Definition
-Cranial nerves and spinal nerves
-fibers are sensory or motor |
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Term
|
Definition
-ganglia on eat heir side of the spinal cord
-sympathetic nervous system
-parasympathetic nervous system |
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Term
|
Definition
-Forebrain
-Midbrain
-Hindbrain |
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Term
|
Definition
-two hemispheres divided by a fissure
-lobes: frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital
-receives incoming messages regarding movement within joints, muscle tone, and position of the body
relay these messages to other parts of brain to control skeletal activity
-movement, coordination, balance |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| receives and interprets information |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-Below the cerebrum
-monitors sensory stimuli by suppressing some and magnifying others |
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Term
|
Definition
A regulator
-Autonomic Nervous System
-emotional responses/behaviour
-body temperature
-food intake=hunger
-water balance and thirst
-sleep-wake cycles
-endocrine system activity |
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Term
|
Definition
-stalk-like portion of the brain
- origin for 10 of 12 cranial nerves
-controls respiration, blood pressure, heart rate |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| nerve cells cross from one side to the other |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
-housed within a vertebral column
-continuous with brain stem
-ascending and descending nerve tracts
-protected by CSF and meninges
-gray matter in internal section-not protected by myelin sheath
-myelinated white matter in outer area |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
-subarachnoid space
-contains CSF |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
-progressive neurological disorder
-plaques develop in cerebral cortex
-memory loss, cognitive decline, and personality changes
-leading cause of senile dementia
-research: some meds prevent breakdown of brain chemicals |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| spinal cord and bone marrow |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| sensation sensitivity feeling |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| separating a nerve from adhesion |
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Term
|
Definition
| surgical repair of a nerve |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| x-ray filming of the blood vessels in the brain |
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Term
|
Definition
| x-ray film of the spinal cord |
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Term
|
Definition
| process of recording the brain by use of sound |
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Term
|
Definition
| EEG record of the electrical impulses of the brain |
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Term
|
Definition
| instrument used to record the electrical impulses of the brain |
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Term
|
Definition
| process of recording the electrical impulses of the brain |
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Term
|
Definition
| insertion of a needle into the subarachnoid space for diagnostic purposes or removal of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) |
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Term
|
Definition
| A small seizure in which there is a sudden temporary loss of consciousness lasting only a few seconds |
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Term
|
Definition
-neurotransmitter
-A chemical substance in the body tissues that facilitates the transmission of nerve impulses from one nerve to another. It has a stimulant ( excitatory ) effect on some parts of the body and a depressant ( inhibitory ) effect on other parts of the body also known as a neurotransmitter |
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Term
|
Definition
| Transmitters of nerve impulses toward the CNS also known as sensory nerves |
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Term
|
Definition
| Loss of mental ability to understand sensory stimuli even though the sensory organs themselves are functioning properly |
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Term
|
Definition
| the inability to convert one’s thoughts to writing |
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Term
|
Definition
| The inability to understand written words |
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Term
|
Definition
| Without sensitivity to pain |
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Term
|
Definition
| Inability to communicate through speech writing or signs because of an injury to or disease in certain areas of the brain(Inability to comprehend the language) |
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Term
|
Definition
| inability to perform coordination movements or use objects properly not associated with sensory or motor impairment or paralysis(inability to execute the learned purposeful movements) |
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Term
|
Definition
| the web like middle layer of the three membrane layers surrounding the brain and spinal cord |
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Term
|
Definition
| A tumor of the brain or spinal cord composed of astrocytes |
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Term
|
Definition
| the sensation an individual experience prior to the onset of a migraine headache or an epileptic seizure. It may by a sensation of light or warmth and may precede the attack by hours or only a few seconds |
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Term
|
Definition
| A protective characteristic of the capillary walls of the brain that prevents the passage of harmful substance from the blood stream into the brain tissue or CSF |
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Term
|
Definition
| A positive sign of meningitis in which there is an involuntary flexion of the arm, hip and knee when the patient’s neck is passively flexed. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A hole drilled into the skull using a form of drill to decrease the pressure |
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Term
|
Definition
| A hole drilled into the skull using a form of drill to decrease the pressure |
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Term
|
Definition
| The lower end of the spinal cord and the roots of the spinal nerves that occupy the spinal canal below the level of the first lumbar vertebra so named because it resembles a horse’s tail |
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Term
|
Definition
| A sensation of an acute burning pain along the path of a peripheral nerve sometime accompained by erythema of the skin due to injury to peripheral nerve fibers |
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Term
|
Definition
| A sensation of an acute burning pain along the path of a peripheral nerve sometime accompained by erythema of the skin due to injury to peripheral nerve fibers |
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Term
|
Definition
| A brief interruption of brain function usually with a loss of consciousness lasting for a few seconds, This transient loss of consciousness is usually caused by blunt trauma to the head |
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Term
|
Definition
| Small scattered venous hemorrhages in the brain better described as a bruise of the brain tissue occurring when the brain strikes the inner skull |
|
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Term
| Cheyne stokes Respirations |
|
Definition
| An abnormal pattern of breathing characterized by periods of apnea followed by deep rapid breathing |
|
|
Term
| Cheyne stokes Respirations |
|
Definition
| An abnormal pattern of breathing characterized by periods of apnea followed by deep rapid breathing |
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Term
|
Definition
| Pertains to being in a coma |
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Term
|
Definition
| A permanent shortening of a muscle causing a joint to remain in an abnormally flexed position with resultant physical deformity |
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Term
|
Definition
| one of the many elevated folds of the surface of the cerebrum also called gyrus |
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Term
|
Definition
| A progressive irreversible mental disorder in which the person has deteriorating memory, judgment and ability to think |
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Term
|
Definition
| Destruction or removal of the myelin sheath that covers a nerve or nerve fiber |
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Term
|
Definition
| a condition characterized by an impairment of the ability to read letters and words.(learning disability that impairs a person's fluency or accuracy in being able to read, speak, and spell) |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An abnormal condition in which blood clot becomes lodged in a blood vessels, obstructing the flow of blood within the vessels |
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Term
|
Definition
| A deep groove on the surface of an organ |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Slight or partial paralysis of one half of the body |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Paralysis of one half of the body |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| An acute infection caused by the same virus that causes chickenpox, characterized by painful vesicular lesions along the path of a spinal nerve, also called shingles |
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Term
|
Definition
| Excessive sensitivity to sensory stimuli such as pain or tough |
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Term
|
Definition
| excessive muscular movement and physical activity hyperactivity |
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Term
|
Definition
| Connecting neurons that conduct impulses from afferent nerves to or towards motor nerves |
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Term
|
Definition
| A diagnostic sign for meningitis marked by the person’s inability to extend the leg completely when the thigh is flexed upon the abdomen and the person is sitting or lying down |
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Term
|
Definition
| Uncontrolled sudden attack of sleep |
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Term
|
Definition
| Severe sharp spasm like pain that extends along the course of one or more nerves |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Rigidity of the neck, the neck is resistant to flexion. This condition is seen in patients with meningitis |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Paralysis of the lower extremities and trunk usually due to spinal cord injuries |
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Term
|
Definition
| A sensation of numbness or tingling |
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Term
|
Definition
| The process by which certain cells engulf and destroy micro organisms and cellular debris |
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Term
|
Definition
| A small cone-shaped structure thought to be involved in regulating the body’s biological clock and that produces melatonin also called the pineal gland |
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Term
|
Definition
| Paralysis of all four extremities and the trunk of the body caused by injury to the spinal cord at the level of the cervical vertebrae |
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Term
|
Definition
| The surgical resection of a spinal nerve root also called a radiculotomy |
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Term
|
Definition
| Inflammation of the sciatic nerve, characterized by pain along the course of the nerve radiating through the thigh and down the back of the leg |
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Term
|
Definition
| A tube or passage that diverts or redirects body fluid from one cavity or vessel to another may be congenital defect or artificially constructed for the purpose of redirecting fluid as a shunt used in hydrocephalus. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Any agent or factor capable of irritating a nerve impulse |
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Term
|
Definition
| A state of lethargy. The person is unresponsive and seems unaware of his or her surroundings |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A seizure characterized by the presence of muscle contraction or tension followed by relaxation creating or jerking movement of the body |
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Term
|
Definition
| An injury to the cervical vertebrae and their supporting structurs due to a sudden back and forth jerking movement of the head and neck whiplash may occur as a result of an automobile being struck suddenly form the rear |
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Term
|
Definition
| without, not ..... Aphasia - No speech |
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Term
|
Definition
| without, not ... Anencephaly - absence of a large part of the brain and the skull |
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Term
|
Definition
| sensitivity to pain ... Analgesia - painkiller |
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Term
|
Definition
| sensitivity to pain ... Analgesic - painkiller |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Pain ... Cephalalgia - headache |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Strength... Myasthenia Gravis - muscle weakness and fatigue |
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Term
|
Definition
| Slow ... Bradyesthesia - slowness or dullness of perception/sensations |
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Term
|
Definition
| Cerebellum ... Cerebellospinal - proceeding from the cerebellum to the spinal cord |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Cerebrum ... Cerebritis - inflammation of the cerebrum |
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Term
|
Definition
| skull, cranium ... Craniotomy - incision of the cranium |
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Term
|
Definition
| brain ... Encephalography - electrical recording of the brain impulses EEG |
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Term
|
Definition
| sensation or feeling ... Anesthesia - no sensations |
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Term
|
Definition
| feeling, sensations ... Anesthesiologist - medical specialist who administers an anesthetic to a patient before he is treated |
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Term
|
Definition
| movement ... Bradykinesia - slow movement |
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Term
|
Definition
| Movement ... Kinesiology - the study of movement |
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Term
|
Definition
| seizure, attack ... Narcolepsy - Narcolepsy is a disorder marked by excessive daytime sleepiness, uncontrollable sleep attacks |
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Term
|
Definition
| reading ... Dyslexia - Dyslexia is a learning disorder characterized by problems in processing words, reading |
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Term
|
Definition
| Meninges ... meningitis - inflammation of the meninges |
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Term
|
Definition
| sleep ... Narcosis - numbness |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| partial paralysis ... Hemiparesis - paralysis of half |
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Term
|
Definition
| Speech ... Dysphagia - difficulty speaking |
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Term
|
Definition
| Paralysis ... Paraplegia - paralysis of the lower part of the body, including the legs |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| perform ... Apraxia - Apraxia is neurological condition characterized by loss of the ability to perform activities that a person is physically able and willing to do |
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Term
|
Definition
| Sheath ... Intrathecal - within a sheath; through the theca of the spinal cord into the subarachnoid space. |
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Term
|
Definition
| tension/tone ... Dystonia - Abnormal tonicity of tissue |
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Term
|
Definition
| Ventricle of the heart/brain ... Ventriculostomy - A surgical procedure used in the treatment of hydrocephalus in which an opening is established in a ventricle, usually from the third ventricle to the subarachnoid space. |
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|
Term
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
(ALS) |
|
Definition
| A severe weakening and wasting of the involved muscle groups, usually beginning with the hands and progressing to the shoulders, upper arms and legs. It is caused by decreased nerve innervations to the muscle groups. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Is an absence of the brain and spinal cord at birth a congenital disorder. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A localized accumulation of pus located anywhere in the brain tissue due to an infectious process - either a primary local infection or an infection secondary to another infectious process in the body (such as endocarditis, sinusitis, otitis or dental abscess). |
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Term
|
Definition
| Is a pinching or compression of the median nerve within the carpel tunnel due to inflammation and swelling of the tendons, causing intermittent or continuous pain that is greatest at night. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Is a deterioration of the intervertebral disk usually due to constant motion and wear on the disk. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Is the inflammation of the brain or spinal cord tissue largely caused by a virus that enters the CNS when the person experiences a viral disease such as measles or mumps or through the bite of a mosquito or tick. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Is a syndrome of recurring episodes of excessive irregular electrical activity of the brain resulting in involuntary muscle movements called seizures. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Is an epileptic seizures characterized by a sudden loss of consciousness and by generalized involuntary muscular contraction, vacillating between rigid body extension and an alternating contracting and relaxing of muscles. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Is a small seizures in which there is a sudden temporary loss of consciousness lasting only a few seconds also known as an absence seizures. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Is acute polyneuritis (inflammation of many nerves) of the PNS in which the myelin sheaths on the axons are destroyed resulting in decreased nerve impulse, loss of reflex response and sudden muscle weakness which usually follows a viral gastrointestinal or respiratory infection. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Occurs typically 2 or 3 hours after failing asleep described as extreme pain around one eye that wakens the person from sleep |
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Term
|
Definition
| Is a collection of blood located above the dura mater and just below the skull. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Is a collection of blood below the dura mater and above the arachnoid layer of the meninges. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Is rupture or herniation of the disk center( nucleus Pulposus) through the disk wall and into the spinal canal causing pressure on the spinal cord or nerve roots. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Is an inherited neurological disease characterized by rapid jerky, involuntary movements and increasing dementia due to the effects of the basal ganglia on the neurons. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Is an abnormal increase of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain that causes the ventricles of the brain to dilate resulting in an increased head circumference in the infant with open fontanel(s) , a congenital defect. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Occurs in any structural region of the brain. They may be malignant or benign classified as primary or secondary and are named according to the tissue from which they originate. |
|
|
Term
| Primary Intracranial tumors |
|
Definition
| Arise from gliomas, Malignant glial cells that are support for nerve tissue and from tumors that arise from the meninges. |
|
|
Term
| Metastatic Intracranial Tumors |
|
Definition
| Occurs as a result of metastasis from a primary site such as the lung or breast. They occur more frequently than primary neoplasms. |
|
|
Term
| Meningitis (acute bacterial) |
|
Definition
| Is a serious bacterial infection of the meninges, the covering of the brain and spinal cord- that can have residual debilitating effects or even a fatal outcome if not diagnosed as treated promptly with appropriate antibiotic therapy. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Is a degenerative inflammatory disease of the CNS attacking the myelin sheath in the spinal cord and brain, leaving it sclerosed or scarred and interrupting the flow of nerve impulses. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Is a chronic progressive neuromuscular disorder causing severe muscle weakness and fatigue which occurs at different levels of severity. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Is a highly malignant tumor of the sympathetic nervous system. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Is a degenerative slowly progressive deterioration of nerves in the brain stem’s motor system characterized by a gradual onset of symptoms such as a stooped posture with the body flexed forward, a bowed head a shuffling gait, pill rolling gestures an expressionless masklike facial appearance muffled speech and swallowing difficulty. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Is a general term indicating inflammation of one or more peripheral nerves the effects being dependent on the particular nerve involved. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Is an infectious viral disease entering through the upper respiratory tract and affecting the ability of spinal cord and brain motor neurons to receive stimulation. Muscle affected become paralyzed without the motor nerve stimulation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Is progressive weakness occurring at least 30years after the initial poliomyelitis attack |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Is an acute brain encephalopathy along with fatty infiltration of the internal organs that may follow acute viral infections, occurs in children between 5 to 11 often with a fatal result. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Is a congenital defect of the CNS in which the back portion of one or more vertebrae is not closed normally and a cyst protrudes through the opening in the back usually at the level of the 5th lumbar or 1st sacral vertebrae. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Is a congenital defect of the CNS in which the back portion of one or more vertebrae is not closed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Is congenital disorder caused by altered lipid metabolism, resulting from an enzyme deficiency. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Short periods of severe unilateral pain, in which radiates along the 5th cranial nerve. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| both/bothsides ... Ambiopia - Double vision |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Dull ... Amblyopia - lazy eye |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Watery ... Aqueous humor - the fluid produced in the eye and filling the spaces (anterior and posterior) in front of the lens and its attachments |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Eyelid ... Blepharitis - inflammation of the eyelid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Conjunctiva ... conjuctivitis - inflammation of the conjunctiva |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pupil ... Anisocoria - Unequal size of the pupils |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tears ... Dacryoadentitis - Inflammation of a lacrimal gland |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tear sac ... Dacryocystectomy - excision of the wall of the lacrimal sac |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Double ... Diplopia - the perception of two images of a single object |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| upon, over ... Episcleritis - Inflammation of the episcleral tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Within ... Esotropia - cross-eye; deviation of the visual axis of one eye toward that of the other eye |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| outward ... exotropia - Strabismus in which the visual axis of one eye deviates from that of the other |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Outside, beyond ... Extraocular - outside the eye |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| gray,silver ... Glaucoma - damage to the optic nerve usually due to excessively high intraocular pressure (IOP) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| half ... Hemianopia - defective vision or blindness in half of the visual field of one or both eyes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Iris ... Iritis - inflammation of the iris |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| iris ... iridoplegia - paralysis of the sphincter of the iris |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hard, cornea ... Keratitis - inflammation of the cornea |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tears ... lacrimal - tear ducts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Smaller ... miosis - constriction of the pupil/ smaller |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Nose ... Nasolacrimal - Connected with the lachrymal apparatus and the nose |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Night ... Nyctalopia - a condition in which vision is normal in daylight but abnormally poor in dim light |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Eye ... Oculomotor - relating to or causing eye movements |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Eye ... Opthalmoscope - An instrument for examining the interior structures of the eye, especially the retina |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| visual condition ... Diplopia - double vision |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| visual condition ... Hemianopsia - blindness in one half of the visual field of one or both eyes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Eye, vision ... Optic - Of or relating to the eye or vision |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Eye, vision ... Optician - One that makes lenses and eyeglasses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Eyelid ... Palpebral - eyelid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lens ... Phacomalacia - softening of the lens |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Light ... Photophobia - An abnormal sensitivity to or intolerance of light |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Drooping, prolapse ... Blepharoptosis - Drooping of the upper eyelid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Retina ... Rentinitis - inflammation of the retina |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hardening, sclera of eye ... Sclera - The tough fibrous tunic forming the outer envelope of the eye and covering all of the eyeball except the cornea; the white of the eye |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Glassy ... Vitreous humor - The clear gelatinous substance that fills the eyeball between the retina and the lens. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Dry ... xerophthalmia - condition in which the eye fails to produce tears. It may be caused by a deficiency in vitamin A |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A refractive error causing light rays entering the eye to be focused irregularly on the retina due to an abnormally shaped cornea or lens. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Acute or chronic inflammation of the eyelid; may be due to seborrheic, allergic, or bacterial origins. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Loss of the sense of sight or extreme visual limitations. |
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Definition
| The lens in the eye becomes progressively cloudy losing its normal transparency and thus altering the perception of images due to the interference of light transmission to the retina. |
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| Ocular disorders identified as a group de to the increase in intraocular pressure. |
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| The presence of inflammation in the white, outside covering of the eyeball (the sclera). |
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| Hearing ... Acoustic - the sense of hearing |
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| Hearing ... Audiogram - A graphic record of hearing ability for various sound frequencies that is used to measure hearing loss |
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| Hearing ... Auditory - Of or relating to hearing |
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| Inner ear ... Labryinthitis - inflammation of the inner ear |
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Definition
| Eardrum ... Myringotomy - surgical incision of the eardrum |
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Definition
| Ear ...Otitis media - Inflammation of the middle ear, occurring commonly in children as a result of infection and often causing pain and temporary hearing loss. |
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Definition
| Eardrum ... Tympanoplasty - surgical repair of the tympanic membrane |
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Definition
| Hearing loss caused by the breakdown of the transmission of sound waves through the middle and/or external ear. |
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Definition
| Hearing loss caused by the inability of nerve stimuli to be delivered to the brain from the inner ear due to damage to the auditory nerve or the cochlea or to lesions of the 8th cranial nerve (vestibulocochlear). |
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Definition
| An excessive accumulation of the waxlike secretions from the glands of the external ear canal. |
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Definition
| Inflammation of the outer or external ear canal, also called “swimmer’s ear.” |
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Definition
| A middle ear infection, which predominately affects infants, toddlers, and preschoolers. |
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Definition
| A condition in which the footplate of the stapes becomes immobile and secured to the oval window, resulting in a hearing loss. |
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Definition
| amyotrophic lateral sclerosis |
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| magnetic resonance imaging |
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