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Motor neuron and axon to skeletal muscle
-spinal cord to verntral root to spinal nerve to ventral ramus or dorsal ramus to skeletal muscle |
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Visceral motor syste
regulates body temp
coordinates many system functions(cardio, respiratory, digestive, excretory, reproductive)
routine physiological adjustments made subconsciously |
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preganglionic
postganglionic |
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visceral motor cell bodies in CND
axon is preganglionic fiber
axons synapse on postganglionic neurons |
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| visceral motor cell bodies located within ganglia in PNS axon is postganglionic fiber |
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skeletal muscles
one neuron system |
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smooth muscle
cardiac muscle
glands
two neuron systems- ANS |
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| Two parts of visceral motor/ANS |
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sympathetic
parasympathetic |
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thoracolumbar division
T1-L2 |
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craniosacral system
brainstem and cranial nerves 3 7 9 10
s2 3 4 spinal cord segments |
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post gang. in sympathetic chain/trunk or collarterla ganglia
functions are stimulate tissue metabolism, increase alertness, prepare body to deal with emergencies |
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| T1-L2 to ventral root to spinal nerve to ventral ramus to white communicating ramus to either sympathetic trunk/chain or collateral ganglia |
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| receives preganglionic sympathetic fibers |
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pregang. in t1-l2
post gang. in sympathetic trunk
collateral gang. in abdominal caivty |
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sympathetic trunk to gray communicating ramus to skin, sweat glands, erector pili muscles, or blood vessels
or to organs via visceral nerve |
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| How many pairs of white communicating rami |
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Definition
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| How many pairs of gray communicating ramus |
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postgangli. sympathetic neurons
innervate abdominopelvic viscera
postgang. axons from collateral gang. enter into plexuses by way of visceral nerves |
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crainosacral
visceral motor/efferent from brain stem and sacral spinal cord segments
conserve energy and promote sedentary activites |
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| Parasympathetic division actions |
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| pupuil constriction, digestive gland secretion, hormone secretion for nutrient absorption, increased digestive tract activity, defecation actives, urination activities, reduced heart rate, respiratory passage constriction, sexual arousal |
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| Ganglia in the wall of organs |
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lesion anywhere along the sympathetic pathway causes
-miosis(constricted pupil)
-decreased sweating
-vasodilation
-partial ptosis |
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Term
| PREgang parasympathetic and POSTgang sympathetic fibers intermingle in wheat? |
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Definition
Nerve plexuses-
cardiac
pulmonary
esophageal
celiac
inferior mesenteric
hypogastric |
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Term
| All pregang. fibers release what |
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Definition
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| Postganglionic parasympathetic fibers release what |
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Definition
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| Postgang sympathetic fibers release what |
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Definition
| norepinephrine/epinephrine |
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| nociceptors- referred pain |
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| change in temp- free never ending |
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physical distortion or contact onto receptor
pressure, touch, and vibration |
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| monitor chemical composition in body fluid |
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| Hearing and Equilibrium CN |
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| membranous labyrinth surrounded by bone with a cavity inside |
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| receptors in semicircular canals |
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| membranous saccule and utricle |
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| scala tympani and scala vestibuli |
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| sebaceous, tarsal(prevents eyelids from sticking together), and lacrimal(secretes tears) |
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| mucous membrane that covers eyeball and inner part of eyelid |
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| lacrimal gland, puncta, canals , sac, and nasolacrimal ducts |
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| transparent and continuous with sclera at limbus |
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contains blood vessels and intrinsic eye mucles
choroid, iris, and ciliary body with ciliary muscles |
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| extensive network blood vessels to supply eye |
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| has intrinsic muscles that control the pupil |
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| pupillary sphincter muscles |
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| pupillary dilator muscles |
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| lens is changeable in size |
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outer pigmented layer
inner neural layer |
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lights sensitive
important in low light condition
do not differentiate between colors |
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| color vision, sharp and clear vision |
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area in retina where image arrives
has only cone- no rods |
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| area in macula of sharpest vision |
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| gelatinous vitreous humor, maintain shape of eyeball, supports lens |
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| contains aqueous humor, continuously secreted by epithelia cells in posterior chamber, passes into anterior chamber and then into veins of eye |
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| causes pin face, blushing |
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| eyelid halfway down, smooth fibers arent working |
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| oculomotor nerve ps division |
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| secretion of salivary glands, lacrimal glands, and nasal glands |
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| glossopharyngeal ps divison |
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| secretion of salivary gland |
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| regulation of function of organ |
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| a specialized cell or process that monitors conditions in the body or in the external environment |
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| receptors distributed throughout the body- temp, pain, touch, pressure, vibration, proprioception |
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Definition
located in specialized sense organs- olfaction, gustation, equilibrium/balance, hearing, vision
sensory receptors specialized cell that sends sensation to CNS |
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Definition
| area monitored by a single receptor cell |
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| tells the CNS about external environment |
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| tell the CNS about body position (muscles and joints) |
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| tell the CNS about internal environment (monitor condition inside body) |
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pain
respond to stimuli associated with tissue damage
sensitive to extreme temps, mechanical damage, or dissolved chemicals
fast or slow pain
free nerve endings |
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responds to changes in temperature
conduct sensations along same pathway as nociceptors
free nerve endings |
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Definition
| responds to physical distortion, contact, or pressure |
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| touch, pressure, vibration |
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Definition
| pressure changes in walls of vessels, tracts |
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Definition
| position of joints and muscles |
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Definition
monitor chemical composition of body
important in cardiovascular and respiratory functions |
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Definition
| pain, simplest type of receptor |
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| fine/discrimitive touch and pressure |
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| touch, movement and vibration |
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| heavy pressure or vibration sensation |
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| pain sensation originating in visceral organs |
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stretch receptor
digestive tract, bladder, carotid sinus and aortic sinus, lungs, colon |
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| medulla oblongata, carotid bodies, aortic bodies |
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| neurons sensitive to chemicals which dissolved in mucus, almost present supporting cells and basal cells(stem cells), covered in secretions of olfactory glands, olfactory cells replaced by new cells from basal cells |
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| Gustatory/tase receptor cells |
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| found in taste buds that form pockets in the epithelium of the papillae, usually on the tongue |
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| senses of equilibrium and hearing are found in inner ear, receptors are within the fluid filled tubes and canals(membranous labyrinth) |
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Definition
receptors are within this fluid filled tubes and canals
endolymph |
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Definition
perilymph
bone forming a canal/chamber system |
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Definition
| elongated coiled portion of membranous labyrinth, surrounded by part of the boney labyrinth (tympanic and vestibular ducts), organ of corti(receptors) |
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Definition
| space with two membranous sacs (utricle and saccule) |
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| receptor in the vestibule, sensations of gravity and linear acceleration |
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| receptor in canals of boney labyrinth |
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| actual receptors cells are hair cells in the organ or corti, macula, and crista ampullaris, stereocilia on surface of hair cells, surrounded by supporting cells |
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receptor for linear acceleration
found in utricle and saccule of membranous labyrinth |
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| Hair cells within maculae, cillia contact otoliths/satoconia in gelatinous matrix, tilting head shifts otoliths which distorts hair cells causing them to fire off |
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| Anterior semicircular duct |
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Definition
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| Lateral semicircular duct |
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Definition
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| Posterior semicircular duct |
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Definition
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| receptor for angular movement |
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| mucous membrane that covers inner surface of eyelids and surface of the eye |
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held in place by suspensory ligaments attached to ciliary muscle/body, posterior to conrnea and iris, forms anterior boundary of viteous chambers
parasympathetic control |
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under control of ANS
parasympathetic constriction
sympathetic dilation |
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| axons from ganglion axons enter optic nerve 2nd cranial nerve to brain |
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| in center of macula lutea area of sharpest vision- all cones |
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