Term
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Definition
| fast-acting control system that employs nerve impulses to trigger muscle contraction or gland secretion |
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Term
| central nervous system (CNS) |
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Definition
| the brain and the spinal cord |
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Term
| peripheral nervous system (PNS) |
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Definition
| a system of nerves that connects the outlying parts of the body with the central nervous system |
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Term
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Definition
| carrying to or toward a center |
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Term
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Definition
| nerve cells that carry impulses toward the central nervous system |
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Term
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Definition
| carrying away or away from |
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Term
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Definition
| neurons that conduct impulses away from the central nervous system |
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Term
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Definition
| a division of the peripheral nervous system; also called the voluntary nervous system |
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Term
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Definition
| self-directed; self-regulating; independent |
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Term
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Definition
| the division of the nervous system that functions involuntarily; innervates cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands |
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Term
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Definition
| the nonneuronal tissue of the central nervous system that performs supportive and other functions; also called glia |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| cells of the nervous system specialized to transmit messages throughout the body |
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Term
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Definition
| the branching extensions of neurons that carry electrical signals to the cell body; the receptive portion of a nerve cell |
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Term
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Definition
| neuron process that carries impulses away from the nerve cell body; efferent process; the conducting portion of a nerve cell |
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Term
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Definition
| chemical released by neurons that may, upon binding to receptors of neurons or effector cells, stimulate or inhibit them |
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Term
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Definition
| the region of communication between neurons |
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Term
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Definition
| the fluid-filled space at a synapse between neurons |
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Term
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Definition
| a white, fatty lipid substance |
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Term
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Definition
| a dense central body in most cells containing the genetic material of the cell |
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Term
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Definition
| a group of nerve cell bodies located in the peripheral nervous system |
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Term
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Definition
| a collection of nerve fibers in the CNS having the same origin, termination, and function |
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Term
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Definition
| bundle of neuronal processes (axons) outside the central nervous system |
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Term
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Definition
| white substance of the central nervous system; the myelinated nerve fibers |
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Term
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Definition
| the gray area of the central nervous system; contains unmyelinated nerve fibers and nerve cell bodies |
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Term
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Definition
| (1) a peripheral nerve ending specialized for response to particular types of stimuli; (2) molecule that binds specifically with other molecules, e.g., hormones and neurotransmitters |
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Term
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Definition
| a receptor located in a muscle or tendon; concerned with locomotion, posture, and muscle tone |
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Term
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Definition
| completes the pathway between afferent and efferent neurons; also called association neurons |
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Term
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Definition
| the state of unstimulated neuron or muscle cell in which the inside of the cell is relatively negative in comparison to the outside; the resting state |
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Term
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Definition
| the loss of a state of polarity; the loss of a negative charge inside the plasma membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| a local change in membrane potential that varies directly with the strength of the stimulus, declines with distance |
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Term
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Definition
| an electrical event occurring when a stimulus of sufficient intensity is applied to a neuron or muscle cell, allowing sodium ions to move into the cell and reverse the polarity |
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Term
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Definition
| a self propagating wave of depolarization; also called action potential |
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Term
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Definition
| restoration of the membrane potential to the initial resting (polarized) state |
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Term
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Definition
| automatic reaction to a stimulus |
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Term
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Definition
| neural pathway for reflexes |
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Term
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Definition
(1) discharging chambers of the heart
(2) cavities within the brain |
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Term
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Definition
the largest part of the brain;
consists of right and left cerebral hemispheres |
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Term
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Definition
| a furrow on the brain, less deep than a fissure |
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Term
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Definition
| an outward fold of the surface of the cerebral cortex |
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Term
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Definition
(1) a groove or cleft;
(2) the deepest depressions or inward folds on the brain |
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Term
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Definition
| pertaining to the walls of a cavity |
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Term
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Definition
| pertaining to area at the back of the head |
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Term
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Definition
an area of the central nervous system;
contains unmyelinated nerve fibers and nerve cell bodies |
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Term
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Definition
substance of the CNS;
the myelinated nerve fibers |
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Term
basal nuclei
or
basal ganglia |
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Definition
| gray matter areas deep within the white matter of the cerebral hemispheres |
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Term
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Definition
| that part of the forebrain between the cerebral hemispheres and the midbrain including the thalamus, the third ventricle, and the hypothalamus |
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Term
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Definition
| a mass of gray matter in the diencephalon of the brain |
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Term
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Definition
| the region of the diencephalon forming the floor of the third ventricle of the brain |
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Term
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Definition
| the neuroendocrine gland located beneath the brain that serves a variety of functions including regulation of the gonads, thyroid, adrenal cortex, water balance, and lactation |
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Term
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Definition
| the portion of the brain consisting of the medulla, pons, and midbrain |
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Term
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Definition
| the slender cavity of the midbrain that connects the third and fourth ventricles; also called the _________ of Sylvius |
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Term
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Definition
(1) any bridgelike structure or part;
(2) the brain area connecting the medulla with the midbrain, providing linkage between upper and lower levels of the CNS |
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Term
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Definition
part of the hindbrain;
involved in producing smoothly coordinated skeletal muscle activity |
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Term
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Definition
| the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the meninges of the brain or spinal cord |
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Term
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Definition
| the outermost and toughest of the three membranes (meninges) covering the brain and spinal cord |
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Term
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Definition
weblike;
specifically, the weblike middle layer of the three meninges |
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Term
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Definition
the fluid produced by choroid plexi;
fills the ventricles and surrounds the CNS |
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Term
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Definition
| a mechanism that inhibits passage of materials from the blood into brain tissues |
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Term
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Definition
| paralysis of one side of the body |
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Term
| peripheral nervous system |
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Definition
| a system of nerves that connects the outlying parts of the body with the central nervous system |
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Term
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Definition
| bundle of neuronal processes (axons) outside the CNS |
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Term
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Definition
| a delicate connective tissue sheath that surrounds each fiber in a nerve |
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Term
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Definition
| a bundle of nerve or muscle fibers bound together by connective tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| a tough, fibrous sheath that binds together the fascicles in a nerve |
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Term
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Definition
nerves containing the processes of motor and sensory neurons;
their impulses travel to and from the CNS |
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Term
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Definition
| the 31 pairs of nerves that arise from the spinal cord |
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Term
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Definition
| a network of interlacing nerves, blood vessels, or lymphatics |
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Term
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Definition
the division of the nervous system that functions involuntarily;
innervates cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands |
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Term
| preganglionic (presynaptic) neuron |
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Definition
| a neuron of the autonomic nervous system having its cell body in the brain or spinal cord and its axon terminating in a ganglion |
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Term
| postganglionic (postsynaptic) neuron |
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Definition
| a neuron of the autonomic nervous system having its cell body in a ganglion and its axon extending to an organ or tissue |
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Term
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Definition
a division of the autonomic nervous system;
opposes parasympathetic functions;
called the fight-or-flight division |
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Term
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Definition
a division of the autonomic nervous system;
also referred to as the craniosacral division |
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