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| sends information from sensory receptors to "main controller" |
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| send signals from main controller to peripheral nerves |
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| causes an effect that counteracts a change that has occurred after getting signals from the main controller |
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support cells
astrocytes and oligodendrites |
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| Controls basal body functions and balance |
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| Grey matter in spinal cord |
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| white matter in spinal cord |
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House afferent sensory neurons
House lower motor neurons
lowest level processing of sensory input
mediates reflexes |
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| Converting different energy forms/stimuli into a common language - the action potential |
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| 3 Properties of Receptors |
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Definition
- Specific to the stimuli that they detect
- allow detection of stimulus strength
- some have support structures
- some receptors habituate to stimuli
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| How mechanoreceptors work |
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Definition
| Pressure or bending on the tips of the hair cells opens the channels within the receptor that then releases Na+ ions to a nearby awaiting neuron which then becomes depolarized causing an action potential |
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| light sensative pigment that detects photons |
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filled with hair cells that transduce sound waves
tonotopic representation in cochlea and in brain |
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| detects linear accelleration, rotational accelleration and gravity |
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organs located in the inner ear that detect rotational accelleration
three canals set on the x, y, and z axis. When hair cells in each are stimulated you can tell which way your head is moving |
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| uses hair cells to detect linear motion; up and down, and forward and backward |
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Term
Ion concentratinos of a neuron at resting potential
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Definition
Higher concentration of Na on the outside of the cell than on the inside, which has a higher concentratino fo K
higher concentration of anions (negatively charged ions) that are permanently inside the cell |
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| Cause of resting membrane potential |
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Definition
- negatively charged anions within the cell that never leave
- passive outflow of K+ ions
- Na+/K+ ATPase maintains the concentration
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- An enzyme that pumps Na+ back out and K+ back in a 2:3 ratio, which keeps the neuron from reaching equilibrium
- Found in nearly every neuron and uses a lot of ATP!
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Definition
| Action Potential comes along and Na+ starts flowing into the cell, which depolarizes the membrane until it reaches the threshold potential at which time the voltage gated channels open up and Na comes into the cell and K leaves the cell. |
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Definition
- Made of Shwann cells or Oligodendrocytes
- Fatty sheath around the axon that allows for saltatory conduction
- Not all neurons are myelinated
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- Contain neurotransmitters
- stored in the axon terminal
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Definition
| After receiving an action potential, vessicles fuse with the presynaptic membrane to release NT |
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| NT diffuses into tcleft the connects to receptor on target tissue |
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