Term
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Definition
| neurotransmitter chemical released at the ends of the nerve cells(neurons) |
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Term
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Definition
| carrier massages toward the brain and spinal cord(sensory nerve) |
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Definition
| middle layer of the three membranes(menings) that surround the brain and spinal cord |
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Definition
| type of glial(neuroglial) cell that transports water and salts from capillaries |
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Definition
| nerves that control involuntary body functions of muscles, glands, and internal organs |
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Definition
| microscopic fiber that carries the nervous impulse along a nerve cell |
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Definition
| blodd vessels(capillaries) that selectively let certain substances enter the brain tissue and keep other substance out |
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Definition
| lower portion of the brain that connects the cerebrum with the spinal cord: includes the pons and medulla oblongata |
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Definition
| collection of spinal nerves cell that contains the nucleus |
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Definition
| part of a nerve cell that contains the nucleus |
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Term
| central nervous system(CNS) |
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Definition
| brain and the spinal cord |
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Definition
| posterior part of the brain that coordinates muscle movements and maintains balance |
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Term
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Definition
| outer region of the cerebrum, containing sheets of nerve cells; gray matter of the brain |
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Term
| cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) |
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Definition
| circulates throughout the brain and spinal cord |
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Definition
| largest part of the brain; responsible for voluntary muscular activity, vision, speech, taste, hearing, thought, and memory |
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Definition
| twelve pairs of the nerves that carry messages to and from the brain with regard to the head and neck(except the vagus nerve) |
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Definition
| microscopic branching fiber of a nerve cell that is the first part to receive the nervous impulse |
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Definition
| thick, outermost layer of the menings surrounding and protecting the brain and spinal cord |
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Definition
| carries message away from the brain and spinal cord |
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Definition
| glial cell that lines membranes within the brain and spinal cord and helps from cerebrospinal fluid |
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Definition
| collection of nerve cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system |
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Term
| glial cell(neuroglial cell) |
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Definition
| supportive and connective nerve cell that does not carry nervous impulses examples are astrocytes, microglial cells, ependymal cellsm and oligodendrocytes |
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Definition
| sheet of nerve cells that produces a rounded ridge on the surface of the cerebral cortex; convolution |
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Definition
| portion of the brain beneath the thalamus; controls sleep, appetite, body temp., and secretions from the pituitary gland |
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Definition
| part of the brain just above the spinal cord; controls breathing, heatbeat, and the size of blood vessels; nerve fibers cross over here |
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Definition
| three protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord |
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Definition
| phagocytic glial cell that removes waste products from the central nervous system |
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Definition
| carriers message away from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and organs; efferent nerve |
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Definition
| covering of white fatty tissue that surrounds and insulates the axon of a nerve cell. myelin speeds impulses conduction along axons |
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Definition
| macroscopic cord-like collection of fibers(axon and dendrites) that carry electrical impulses |
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Definition
| nerve cell that carries impulses throughout the body |
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Definition
| chemical messenger released at the end of a nerve cell, it stimulates or inhibits another cell, which can be a nerve cell, muscle cell, or gland cell. examples are acetylcholine, norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin |
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Term
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Definition
| glial cell that forms the myelin sheath covering axons, also called oligodendrocyte |
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Definition
| involuntary, autonomic nerves that regulate normal body functions such as heart rate, breathing, and muscles of the gastrointestinal tract |
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Term
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Definition
| essential , distinguishing tissue of any organ or system. parenchyma from the nervous system includes the brain, spinal cord, and neurons. from the liver are hepatocytes, and tissues from the kidney are nephrons |
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Term
| peripheral nervous system |
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Definition
| nerves outside the brain and spinal cord; cranial, spinal, and autonomic nerves |
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Definition
| thin, delicate inner membrane of the meninges |
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Definition
| large, interlacing network of nerves, examples are lumbosacral, cervical, and brachial plexuses |
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Definition
| part of the brain anterior to the cerebellum and btw the medulla and the rest of the midbrain, it is a bridge connecting various parts of the brain |
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Definition
| organ that receives a nervous stimulus and passes it on to afferent nerves. the skin , ears, eyes, and taste buds are receptors |
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Definition
| nerve extending from the base of the spine down the thigh, lower leg, and foot. sciatica is pain or inflammation along the course of the nerve |
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Definition
| carries messages toward the brain and spinal cord form receptors; afferent nerve |
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Definition
| thirty-one pairs of nerves arising from the spinal cord |
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Definition
| agent of change(light, sound, touch) in the internal or external environment that evokes a response |
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Definition
| connective and supporting tissue of an organ. glial cells are the stromal tissue of the brain |
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Definition
| depression or groove in the surface of the cerebral cortex; fissure |
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Definition
| autonomic nerves that influence bodily functions involuntarily in times of stress |
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Definition
| space through which a nervous impulse travels btw nerve cells or btw nerve and muscle or glandular cells |
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Definition
| main relay center of the brain, conducts impulses btw the spinal cord and the cerebrum; incoming sensory message are relayed through the thalamus to appropriate centers in the cerebrum |
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Term
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Definition
| tenth cranial nerve(cranial nerve X); its branches reach to the larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, aorta, esophagus, and stomach |
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Definition
| canals in the brain that contain cerebrodspinal fluid |
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| spinal cord(means bone marrow in other contexts) |
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| nerve root(of spinal nerves) |
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Definition
| sheath(refers to the meninges) |
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Definition
| vagus nerve(10th crainal nerve) |
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Definition
| excessive sensitivity to pain |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| feeling, nervous sensation |
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Term
| kines/o, kinesi/o, -kinesia,-kinesis,-kinetic |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| abnormal accumulation of fluid(CSF) in the brain. a shunt can be placed , can be caused by tumors and infections |
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Term
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Definition
| congenital defects in the lumbar spinal caused by imperfect union of the vertebral parts(neural tube defect) |
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Term
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Definition
| brain disorder marked by gradual and progressive mental deterioration(dementia), personality changes, and impairment of daily functioning |
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Term
| amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) |
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Definition
| degenerative disorder of motor neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem |
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Definition
| chronic brain disorder characterized by recurrent seizure activity(grand mal or petit mal) |
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Term
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Definition
| hereditary disorder marked by degenerative changes in the cerebrum leading to abrupt involuntary movement and mental deterioration(around age 30) |
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Term
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Definition
| destruction of the myelin sheath on neurons in the CNS and its replacement by plaques of sclerotic (hard) tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness of voluntary muscles |
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Term
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Definition
| paralysis(partial or complex loss of motor function)Cerebral palsy, bell palsy- can be caused by a viral infection, nerve swelling. |
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Term
| Parkinson disease(parkinsonism) |
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Definition
| degeneration of neurons in the basal ganglia , occurring in later life and leading to tremors, weakness of muscle, and slowness of movement |
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Term
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Definition
| involuntary, spasmodic, twitching movements; uncontrollable vocal sounds; and inappropriate words |
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Term
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Definition
| viral infection affecting peripheral nerves |
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Definition
| inflammation of the meninges; leptomeninitis |
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Term
| human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) encephalopathy |
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Definition
| brain disease and dementia occurring with AIDS |
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Term
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Definition
| abnormal growth of brain tissue and meninges |
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Term
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Definition
| temporary brain dysfunction(brief loss of consciousness) after injury, usually clearing within 24 hours |
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Term
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Definition
| bruising of brain tissue as a result if direct trauma to the head; neurological deficits persist longer than 24 hours |
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Term
| cerebrovascular accident (CVA) |
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Definition
| disruption in the normal blood supply to the brain; stroke |
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Term
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Definition
| severe, recurring, unilateral, vascular headache |
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Definition
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Definition
| enlarged, weakened area in an arterial wall, which may rupture, leading to hemorrhage and CVA(stroke) |
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Definition
| malignant tumor of astrocytes(glial brain cell) |
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Definition
| peculiar symptom or sensation occurring b4 the onest of an attack of migraine or an epileptic seizure |
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Definition
| mental decline and deterioration |
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Definition
| destruction of myelin on axons of the neurons |
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Definition
| CNS neurotransmitter, deficient in the pt with Parkinson disease |
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Definition
| clot of material that travels through the bloodstream and suddenly blocks a vessel |
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Definition
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Definition
| pertaining to a sudden, acute onset, as with the convulsions of an epileptic seizure |
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Definition
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Definition
| relieving symptoms nut not curing them |
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Definition
| removal of the thymus glad (a lymphocyte-producing gland in the chest) used as tx for myasthenia gravis |
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Term
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Definition
| transient ischemia attack |
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Term
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Definition
| involuntary movement of a small group of muscles, as of the face; characteristic of Tourette syndrome |
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Term
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Definition
| major(grand mal) convulsive seizure marked by sudden loss of conciousness, stiffening of muscles, and twitching and jerking movements |
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Term
| cerebrospinal fluid analysis |
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Definition
| samples of CSF are examined |
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Term
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Definition
| x-ray imaging of the arterial blood vessels in the brain after injection of contrast material |
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Term
| computed tomography(CT) of the brain |
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Definition
| x-ray technique that generates computerized multiple images of the brain and spinal cord |
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Term
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Definition
| x-ray imaging of the spinal canal after injection of contrast medium into the subarachnoid space |
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Term
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Definition
| magnetic field and pulses of radiowave energy create images of the brain and spinal cord |
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Term
| positron emission tomography (PET) scan |
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Definition
| radioactive glucose is injected and then detected in the brain to image the metabolic activity of cells. |
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Term
| doppler ultrasound studies |
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Definition
| sound waves detect blood flow in the carotid and intracranial arteries |
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Term
| electroencephalography (EEG) |
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Definition
| recording of the electrical activity of the brain |
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Definition
| CSF is withdrawn from btw two lumbar vertebrae for analysis |
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Term
| stereotactic radiosurgery |
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Definition
| use of a specialized instrument to locate and treat targets in the brain |
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Term
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Definition
| alpha-fetoprotein; elevated levels in amniotic fluid and maternal blood are associated with congenital malformations of the nervous system |
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Term
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Definition
| arteriovenous malformation; congenital tangle of arteries and veins in the cerebrum |
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Term
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Definition
| gamma-aminobutyric acid(neurotransmitter) |
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Term
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Definition
| intracranial pressure(normal is 5-15 mm Hg) |
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Term
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Definition
| monitored anesthetic care |
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Definition
| magnetic resonance angiography |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| patient-controlled anesthesia |
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Definition
| peripheral nervous system |
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Definition
| protion stereotactic radiosurgery |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation |
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Definition
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Definition
| tissue plasminogen activator; drug used as therapy for stroke |
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