Term
| What are the four classifications of pneumonia, and name three at risk groups. |
|
Definition
| bacterial, viral, fungal, and chemical. At risk groups include patients with a lot of lung secretions, cigarette smokers, the immobilized, and the immunosupressed. |
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Term
| what are some of the classic signs of pneumonia? |
|
Definition
| productive cough accompanied by fever, elevated white count, crackles, and dullness to percussion. |
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Term
| what position should a patient bein for feeding when they are at riskk for aspiration? |
|
Definition
| HOB raised, Patient on side not back |
|
|
Term
| what can be done to loose a patient's lung secretions? |
|
Definition
| deep breathing with incentive spirometer, humidifying, providing 3 L of fluids per day to liquify secretions. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| PO2:80-100 mmHg, PCo2: 35-45 mmHg; pH: 7.35-7.45; HCO3: 21-28 mEq/L |
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|
Term
| what are the early signs of cerebral hypoxia? |
|
Definition
| irritability and restlessness. This is especially true in the elderly. |
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|
Term
| how would you educate the elderly patient to avoid pneumonia? |
|
Definition
| get flu and pneumonia vaccinations seasonally, avoid smoking |
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|
Term
| how would you educate the immunosupressed patient to avoid pneumonia? |
|
Definition
| avoid infected people,eat and rest well. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| chronic airflow limitation- includes emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and asthma. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is just emphysema and chronic bronchitis; permenant lung damage and smoking are hallmarks of COPD. |
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|
Term
| list the main symptoms of a patient with CAL. |
|
Definition
| general cyanosis and breathing with accessory muscles, higher PCO2 than average, lower pulse ox, activity intolerance and breathing anxiety. |
|
|
Term
| emphysema vs. chronic bronchitis |
|
Definition
| many ruptured septa from pollutant particles vs. chronic clogging of airways with overproduced mucous |
|
|
Term
| what is a chronic physical manifestation of COPD? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the rationale for not administering oxygen to a COPD client? |
|
Definition
| their drive to breathe is hypoxia, not hypercapnia like a normal person, so if oxygen is given they will no longer have the stimulus to breathe. |
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|
Term
| what type of diet for the patient with COPD? |
|
Definition
| soft mechanical, as chewing takes energy needed for breathing; small frequent meals. |
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|
Term
| when does oxygen need to be humidified before delivered to the patient? |
|
Definition
| when in excess of 4 L/min or delivered directly to the trachea |
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