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| most common and consists of thin strips from 3/8" to 25/32" thick of varying lengths with tongue and groove edges. Most is 2 1/4" wide |
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| comes in the same thickness as strip, but is from 3 1/4 to 8" wide. Used where a larger scale is desired or to emulate wider, historic planking. |
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| preassembled wood flooring in three basic configurations. Unit block flooring, laminated block flooring, parquet flooring |
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| solid pieces of wood from 2 1/4" to 4" thick laid on end. Very durable and resistant to oils, mild chemicals, and indentation. Used often for industrial floors. |
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| environmentally friendly, byproduct from plantation-grown coconut palms. Harder than oak or maple and comes prefinished in colors ranging from dark to medium red mahogany. |
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| is an igneous rock with visible grains. |
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| metamorphic rock formed by layers of shells, which, under heat and pressure, form into a composition of crystalline grains of calcite and or dolomite |
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| most commonly used for exterior surfaces, but a type of limestone, called tavertine, is frequently used for interior flooring. |
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| fine grained metamorphic rock that is easily split into thin slabs, making it ideal for flooring as well as roofing. |
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| is a sedimentary rock made of sand and other substances. When cleaved from the original rock, it is called flagstone and has a naturally rough surface |
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| has a dull sheen, without reflections |
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| produces a smooth surface free from scratches, with no sheen. |
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| has a surface with occasional slight "trails" or scratches |
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| has a coarse finish, the amount varying depending on the grain structure of the granite. |
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| Two ways of installing stone |
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Definition
| thin-set or a thick-set installation. Thick-set usually the best and must be used when subfloor is uneven or when the stone varies in thickness. Thin-set applications are less expensive, add much less weight to the floor, and are faster to install. |
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Definition
| is a composite material poured in place or precast that is used for floors, walls, and stairs. It consists of marble, quartz, granite, or other suitable chips, in a matrix that is cementious, chemical, or a combination of both. It is poured, cured, gournd and polished to produce a smooth surface. Advantages are ease of cleaning, fire-resistance, and wide choice of patterns and colors. |
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Definition
| Standard, common, using small chips no larger than 3/8". Venetian, chips larger than 3/8". Palladian, thin random fractured slabs of marble with standard terrazzo between. Rustic, has the matrix depressed to expose the chips. |
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| Terrazzo floor installations |
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Definition
| sand cushion, best way to avoid cracking the terrazzo because the finish system is physically separated fromt he structural slab with a membrane much the same as one of the thickset stone floor installation methods. Bonded method, monolithic , thin-set, or method. |
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| a generic term describing several types of composition materials made from various resins, fibers, plasticizers, and fillers. Formed under heat and pressure to produce a thin material, either sheets or tiles. Applied with mastic to a subfloor of concrete, plywood, or other smooth underlayment. |
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| includes pure vinyl, vinyl composition, vinyl tile, and sheet vinyl. Good, durable resilent flooring resistant to indentation, abrasion, grease, water, alkalis, and some acids. |
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Definition
| made from synthetic rubber and offers excellent resistance to deformation under loads, providing a very comfortable, quiet, resilent floor. Not resistant to oils or grease. |
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Definition
| available in tile form and is used where acoustical control or resilence is desired. However, some types are not resistant to staining, fading, moisture, heavy loads, or concentrated foot traffic. Usually combined with resins to improve its durability and make it easier to maintain. |
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Definition
| composed of oxidized linseed oil, wood flour, pigments, and fillers applied over a backing of burlap or asphalt-saturated felt. Has very good abrasion and grease resistance, but has a limited resistance to alkalis. |
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Definition
| carpet is made from several fibers and combinations of fibers, including wood, nylon, acrylic, modacrylic, polyester, and olefin. |
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| Manufacturing process of carpet |
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Definition
| done by weaving, tufting, needle punching, fusion bonding, and less frequently, by knitting and custom tufting. Weaving is traditional methods, by interlacing warp and weft yarns - most expensive method |
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Term
| 3 primary types of weaving |
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Definition
| Wilton Carpet - produced on a Jacquard loom that allows complex patterns to be woven into the carpet as well as allowing several types of surface textures, including level cut pile, level loop, cut/uncut, and multilevel loop. |
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Definition
| is the simplest form of weaving and places all the pile yarn on the face of the carpet. Generally solid colors, but multi-colored yarns can be used in a variety of surface textures including plushes, loop pile, cut-pile, multi-level loop, and cut and loop styles. |
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Definition
| made on a modified Jacquare loom that delivers different colors of yarn at different time according to the pattern desired. Can be produced in a range of patterns and colors, from geometric to floral. Most of the pile yarn is placed on the surface. The carpet has an even, but pile surface with a heavily ribbed backing. |
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Definition
| embeds the pile yarn in a backing of liquid vinyl. When the vinyl hardens the tufts are permanently locked in the backing. It is used primarily for carpet tiles. |
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Definition
| similar to tufting except the fiber is pulled through a backing with barbed needles. It produces a carpet of limited variation in texture and accounts for a very small percentage of the total carpet market. |
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Definition
| is the number of ends of surface yarn in a 27" width. For tufted carpet this measurement is called the guage which is the spacing in fractions of an inch between needles across the width of the carpet. |
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| is the number of lengthwise tufts in one inch. The higher the pitch or gauge number and stitch numbers are, the denser the carpet is. |
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Definition
| the height of the fiber from the surface of the backing to the top of the pile. Generally, shorter and more tightly packed fibers result in a more durable but more expensive carpet. |
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Definition
| is the most common for woven carpet, but others include, jute, cotton, and polyester. |
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Term
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Definition
| the carpet is attached to the floor with adhesive, may have attached cushion or no cushion |
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Term
| Stretched-in installation |
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Definition
| used tackless strips attached around the perimeter of the room. These strips have embedded sharp points that face toward the walls. The carpet is stretched against these strips, which hold the carpet in place |
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Term
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Definition
| must meet requirements of ASTM D 2859, more commonly known as the methenamine pill test or simply the pill test. This test measures the response of a carpet sample to a burning methenamine tablet. the new IBC, carpet must also meet the requirements of the Flooring Radiant Panel Test, ASTM E 648, under certain conditions. |
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Definition
| a sufacing unit, usually relatively thin in relation to facial area, made from clay or a mixture of clay and other ceramic materials. |
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Definition
| Glazed or unglazed tile, usually with 6 square inches or more of facial area, and is made by the extrusion process from natural clay or shale. |
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Term
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Definition
| formed by either the dust pressed or extrusion method, is 1/4" to 3/8" thick, and has a facial area of less than 6 square inches. |
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Term
| Resistance to water absorption |
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Definition
| nonvitrious tile has a water absorption rate of more than 7.0%. Impervious tile has a water absorption rate of 0.5% or less. Semivitrious tile and vitreous tile are classified between nonvitreous and impervious tile |
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Definition
| variation of plastic laminate material. It is composed of a clear wearing sheet over a melamine impregnated decorative printed sheet with core layers of phenolic-impregnated kraft paper. These sheets are laminated to a high-density fiberboard core under heat and pressure and covered with a water-resistant backing sheet. |
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Term
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Definition
| mixture of a resinous material, fillers, and decorative materials applied in a liquid or viscoud form that cures to a hard, seamless surface. Depending on the type of matrix and the specific mixture, the flooring is either poured or troweled on a subfloor. Used in industrial floors, commercial kitchens and food preparation plants, factories, clean rooms, labratories, hospitals, correctional facilites, and parking garages. |
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Term
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Definition
| 3 types, Type I used for residential applications, Type II is used for commercial and institutional applications. Type III used where extra heavy use is expected such as in public corridors, food service areas, and hospitals. |
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Term
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Definition
| made from a sound-absorbend material such a fiberglass and are covered with a permeable material such as a loose-weave fabric, should be at least 1" thick to be effective. |
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Term
| Roller shades and inverted roller shades |
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Definition
| coverings consist of a piece of cloth wound around a spring roller, normally pulled closed from the top but can also be mounted so a pulley-mounted cord unwinds them from the bottom up |
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Definition
| pull up with a cord into accordian folds. |
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Definition
| operate in a way similar to roman shades but are made of several rows of fabric seamed in such a way that they fold into scallops when opened |
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Definition
| traditional venitian blinds consist of horizontal slats of wood, aluminum, or plastic whose angle can be adjusted with a control cord. |
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Definition
| rigid panels, usually of wood, that are hinged so they can be opened or closed. Individual panels have thin, adjustable horizontal louvers to control view and light. Plantation shutters are similar in design but feature much wider louvers. |
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Definition
| use fabric, but they are usually hung within the window frame and close to the glass. In most instances, curtains are not intended to be opened, but fixed across all or a portion of the window. |
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Term
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Definition
| when a clear view is not required or desired, translucent panels can be used to admit diffused light. Can be constructed of various types of plastic,sheer fabric, frosted glass, or even paper using fixed or sliding Shoji screens. |
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Term
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Definition
| can be used to modify strong light or minimize an undesirable view while still providing some visual connection between inside and outside. Can be constructed of any durable material such as wood or metal and can be fixed or moveable. |
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Term
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Definition
| consists of individual horizontal pieces of glass, about 3 to 4 inches wide, that pivot outward at once for ventilation. When closed, the lower edge of each piece of glass overlaps the piece below it to prevent water from entering. |
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