Term
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Definition
| A disturbance of orientation to person, place, or time |
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Term
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Definition
| A disoriented reaction with restlessness and confusion |
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Term
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Definition
| Inappropriate reactions to environmental stumuli |
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Term
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Definition
| Occurs in the late afternoon/evening, characterized by drowsiness, confusion, ataxia, falling, agitation |
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Term
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Definition
| the inability to concentrate one's attention without attention being drawn to unimportant stimuli |
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Term
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Definition
| Blocking out activities, objects, or concepts that produce anxiety |
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Term
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Definition
| Excessive attention and alertness that guards against potential danger |
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Term
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Definition
| A sleep-like state with minimal environmental awareness followed by amnesia for the experience |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Meaningless imitation of another person's movements |
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Term
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Definition
| Characterized by immobility or rigidity |
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Term
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Definition
| Repeated fixed patterns of movement and speech |
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Term
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Definition
| Excessive motor and cognitive activity |
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Term
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Definition
| State of restlessness characterized by a urgent need for movement |
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Term
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Definition
| The irregularity or failure of muscle coordination upon movement |
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Term
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Definition
| Speech that is delayed in reaching the point and contains excessive or irrelevant details |
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Term
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Definition
| Abrupt changing of focus to a loosely associated topic |
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Term
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Definition
| A persistent focus on a precious topic or behavior after a new topic or behavior has been introduced |
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Term
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Definition
| Rapid shifts in thoughts from one idea to another |
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Term
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Definition
| The interruption of a thought process before it is carried through to completion |
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Term
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Definition
| False beliefs about external reality without an appropriate stimulus that cannot be explained by the individual's intelligence or cultural background |
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Term
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Definition
| A need to act on a specific impulse to relieve associated anxiety |
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Term
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Definition
| A persistent thought or feeling that cannot be eliminated by logical thought |
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Term
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Definition
| Speech that is limited in amount and content |
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Term
| Expressive Aphasia (Broca's) |
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Definition
| A disturbance in which the individual knows what they want to say but cannot say it |
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Term
| Receptive Aphasia (Wernicke's) |
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Definition
| An organic loss of the ability to comprehend what has been said |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Involves all forms of aphasia |
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Term
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Definition
| False sensory perceptions that are not in response to an external stimulus |
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Term
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Definition
| Misperceptions or misinterpretations or real sensory events |
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Term
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Definition
| Inability to understand and interpret the significance of sensory input |
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Term
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Definition
| Inability to identify objects through touch |
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Term
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Definition
| Inability to recognize people and objeects |
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Term
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Definition
| Inability to carry out specific motor tasks in the absence of sensory/motor impairment |
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Term
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Definition
| Inability to perform rapidly alternating movements |
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Term
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Definition
| A subjective sense of being unreal or inanimate |
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Term
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Definition
| A subjective sense that the environment is unreal |
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Term
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Definition
| A state of serious depersonlization, often involving travel or relocation, in which the individual takes on a new identity with amnesia for their old identity |
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Term
| Dissociative Identity Disorder |
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Definition
| Involves the appearance that the individual has developed two or more distinct personalities |
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Term
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Definition
| The inability to recall past experiences or personal identity |
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Term
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Definition
| The inability to remember events that occurred prior to the precipitating event |
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Term
| Clinical observations to make when evaluating a client with a psychiatric disorder |
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Definition
1. Appearance
2. Speech
3. Actions
4.Thoughts |
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Term
| Shortened forms of the mental status examination |
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Definition
1. The Folstein Mini-Mental
2. The Short Portable Mental |
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Term
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Definition
| Identifies the the clinical disorders and other conditions that may be a focus of clinical attention |
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Term
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Definition
| Includes personality disorders and intellectual disability |
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Term
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Definition
| Includes general medical conditions |
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Term
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Definition
| Lists psychosocial and environmental problems |
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Term
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Definition
| Provides a global assessment of functioning (GAF) |
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Term
| Diagnostic Criteria for Schizophrenia |
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Definition
Two or more of the following symptoms:
1. Delusions
2. Hallucinations
3.Disorganized speech
4.Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior
5. Negative Symptoms |
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Term
| Schizophrenia- Paranoid Type |
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Definition
-Characterized by preoccupation with one or more delusions or persecution or grandeur
-Auditory hallucinations are frequently present
-Tend to exhibit fewer negative symptoms |
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Term
| Schizophrenia- Disorganized Type |
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Definition
| Characterized by marked regression demonstrating primitive, disinhibited, and disorganized behavior |
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Term
| Schizophrenia- Catatonic Type |
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Definition
| Characterized by severe disturbances in motor behavior involving stupor, negativism, rigidity, excitement, or posturing |
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Term
| Schizophrenia- Undifferentiated Type |
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Definition
| Used to classify those patients who do not clearly fit into the other categories of schizophrenia |
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Term
| Schizophrenia- Residual Type |
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Definition
| USed when there is continued evidence of schizophrenic behavior in the absence of a complete set of diagnostic criteria |
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Term
| Schizophreniform Disorder |
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Definition
| Meets the criteria for schizophrenia; however, the episode lasts more than one month but less than the six months required for the diagnosis of schizophrenia |
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Term
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Definition
| The person has an uninterrupted period of illness during which, there is a major depressive episode, a manic episode, or a mixed episode concurrent with symptoms that meet criterion A for schizophrenia |
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Term
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Definition
| The individual's predominant symptoms are non-bizarre delusions with the absence of other criterion A symptoms of schizophrenia |
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Term
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Definition
| Person experiences at least one day but less than one month with one or more criterion A symptoms of schizophrenia which result from severe psychosocial stress |
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Term
| Medical Management of Schizophrenia |
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Definition
| Antipsychotics: Ex, Thorazine, Proloxin |
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Term
| Side Effects of Antipsychotics |
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Definition
| Dry mouth, photosensitivity, orthostatic hypotension, tardive diskinesia |
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Term
| Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome |
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Definition
Severe Complication of Antipsychotic Meds ** Emergency
Increased blood pressure, tachycardia, sweating, convulsions, and coma |
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Term
| When working with people with psychotic disorders... |
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Definition
-Therapist must communicate simply, clearly, and concretely
-Provide external structure to organize the individual's thinking, environment, and daily activities |
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Term
| Major Depressive Disorder |
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Definition
| One or more depressive episodes |
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Term
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Definition
-One or more manic episodes
-May be combined with depressive episodes |
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Term
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Definition
-One or more major depressive episodes
-There must be at least one hypomanic episode |
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Term
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Definition
| At least 2 years of a depressed mood, symptoms not severe enough to meet the criteria for major depressive disorder |
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Term
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Definition
| At least 2 years with numerous periods of hypomanic and depressive symptoms that do not meet the criteria for a manic episode or a major depressive episode |
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Term
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Definition
| A distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood lasting at least one week |
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Term
| Behaviors associated with a manic episode |
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Definition
1. Treatment-resistance from failure to recognize illness
2. Suggestive or flamboyant dress
3. Gambling, promiscuity, excessive spending, or giving things away
4. Irritable, assaultive, or suicidal behavior |
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Term
| OT Treatment for Manic Episodes |
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Definition
-Limit setting
-Engagement in activities that provide for release of excess energy |
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Term
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Definition
| A two week period of depressed mood or loss of interest and pleasure |
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Term
| Medical Management of Depression |
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Definition
-SSRI's
-SNRI's
-Tricyclics
-MAOI's |
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Term
| MAOI Dietary Restrictions |
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Definition
Items that contain the amino acid Tyramine: aged cheese, pickled foods, smoked meats, yogurt, sour cream, ripe fruits, chocolate, beer, soy
Also- cold medicines, nasal decongestants, asthma inhalers |
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Term
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Definition
| Symptoms the same as a manic episode; not as severe |
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Term
| Two Categories of Substance-Related Disorders |
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Definition
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Term
| OT Treatment of Substance-Related Disorders |
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Definition
-IDing reasons for substance use
-Development of skills necessary to cope with life stressors without substance
-Communication and social skills to support substance-free social participation
-Skills to engage in work or education
-Skills to participate in leisure
-Referral to support groups |
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Term
| OT Treatment of Anxiety Disorders |
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Definition
-Skill training using cognitive behavioral approach
-Relaxation and stress management
-Providing graded activities to promote self-efficacy to increase confidence, motivation, and participation in intervention |
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Term
| Personality Disorder Groupings: Cluster A |
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Definition
Paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal
-odd, eccentric |
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Term
| Personality Disorder Groupings: Cluster B |
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Definition
Antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic
-dramatic, emotional, erratic |
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Term
| Personality Disorder Groupings: Cluster C |
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Definition
Avoidant, dependent, obsessive-compulsive
-anxious, fearful |
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Term
| Paranoid Personality Disorder |
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Definition
-Longstanding suspiciousness and mistrust of people
-Refuse responsibility for their own feelings
-Can appear hostile, irritable, angry |
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Term
| Schizoid Personality Disorder |
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Definition
Lifelong pattern of social withdrawal
-eccentric, isolated, lonely |
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Term
| Schizotypal Personality Disorder |
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Definition
Appear odd/strange int heir thinking and behavior
-magical thinking, peculiar ideas, illusions |
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Term
| Antisocial Personality Disorder |
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Definition
Continual antisocial or criminal acts
-inability to conform to social norms
-No regard for the safety or feelings of others and they lack remorse |
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Term
| Borderline Personality Disorder |
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Definition
Extraordinarily unstable affect, mood, behavior, relationships, and self-image
-fear of real or imagined abandonment
-most have a history of trauma |
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Term
| Histrionic Personality Disorder |
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Definition
Colorful, dramatic, extroverted behavior in excitable, emotional persons
-Inability to maintain deep, lasting relationships |
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Term
| Narcissistic Personality Disorder |
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Definition
| Heightened sense of self-importance and grandiose feeling that they are special in some way |
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Term
| Avoidant Personality Disorder |
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Definition
Extreme sensitivity to rejection which may lead to a socially withdrawn life
-these individuals are not asocial
-great desire for companionship, feel inept or unworthy |
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Term
| Dependent Personality Disorder |
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Definition
Subordinate their own needs to those of others and need others to assume responsibility for major areas in their lives
-lack self-confidence
-discomfort with being alone |
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Term
| Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder |
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Definition
Emotional constriction, orderliness, perseverance, stubbornness, indecisiveness
-Essential feature: pervasive patterns of perfectionism and inflexibility |
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Term
| OT Treatment of Personality Disorders |
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Definition
-Assistance in recognizing their symptoms
-Cognitive behavioral approaches (dialectic behavioral therapy) |
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Term
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Definition
| A disturbance of consciousness with a decreased ability to attend |
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Term
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Definition
| A disturbance of memory and multiple cognitive deficits |
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Term
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Definition
| Difficulty with memory only, but sufficient to cause functional difficulty |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Complaints of forgetting normal age-related information |
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Term
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Definition
Beginning signs and deficits are noted
-Forgets important information
-Difficulty with complex tasks |
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Term
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Definition
Deficits are noted in all IADLs
-Can live at home with support
-Unable to follow and sequence written cues
-Difficulty in word finding |
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Term
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Definition
Person cannot function independently
-Poor judgement
-Difficulty with all decision making
-Forgets to take care of hygiene |
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Term
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Definition
Cannot perform ADL without cues
-Cannot sequence steps of ADL
-Cannot speak in full sentences
-Incontinence |
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Term
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Definition
| Can be in a vegetative state. Bedbound and unable to respond verbally or non-verbally to questions/commands |
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Term
| Two types of Anorexia Nervosa |
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Definition
1. Food restrictive type
2. Binge eating/purging type |
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Term
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Definition
1. Building trust
2. Be honest, supportive, and gently confrontational when necessary
3. Identification of the socio-economical needs that the eating disorder has fulfilled
4. Non-food related areas of interest should be pursued |
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Term
| Oppositional Defiant Disorder |
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Definition
| Negativistic, hostile, defiant behaviors that result in functional impairment |
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Term
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Definition
| Disregards the rights of others leading to aggression towards people and animals, destruction of property, deceitfulness, theft, or serious violation of rules |
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Term
| OT Treatment for Disruptive Behavior Disorders |
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Definition
1. Skill development may improve emotional adjustment
2. Behavioral approaches must be consistent throughout all programming
3. Educating family/teachers about the child's condition and to develop behavior management plan |
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Term
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Definition
1. Impaired social interaction and in most cases cognitive disabilities
2.Difficulty with communication
3. Repetitive and stereotyped behaviors and movements |
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Term
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Definition
1. Difficulty with social interaction
2. Restricted interests
3. Clumsiness
4. Delayed motor milestones
5. Adequate language
6. Increased social interaction and engagement in activities |
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Term
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Definition
1. Deterioration of language and social skills
2. Motor deterioration (loss of purposeful hand movements)
3. Muscle tone becomes hypotonic and then spastic and then rigid
4. Irregular breathing
5. Cognitive declines
6. Seizures |
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Term
| OT for Pervasive Developmental Disorders/ ASD |
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Definition
1. Develop sensorimotor, social interaction, vocational readiness, and community participation skills
2. Provide SI intervention
3.Provide adaptive and positioning equipment to facilitate functioning
4. Collaborate with the family and interdisciplinary team to promote occupational performance and social participation |
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Term
Reactive Attachment Disorder
Indicators of pathogenic care |
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Definition
1. Disregard for the child's basic emotional needs
2. Disregard for the child's basic physical needs
3. Repeated changes of the primary caregiver |
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Term
| Reactive Attachment Disorder-Inhibited Type |
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Definition
1. Persistent failure to initiate or respond in a developmentally appropriate fashion to most social interactions
2. Interactions are excessively inhibited |
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Term
| Reactive Attachment Disorder- Disinhibited Type |
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Definition
1. Indiscriminate sociability with inability to exhibit appropriate selective attachments
2. Demonstrates excessive familiarity with relative strangers |
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Term
| OT Treatment of Reactive Attachment Disorder |
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Definition
1. Close and ongoing collaboration with the child's family
2. Actively involve the parents in treatment
3. Assist children to form a secure sense of self
4. Limit child's exposure to multiple caregivers
5. High levels of structure and consistency |
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Term
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Definition
1. Inattention
2. Hyperactive-Impulsive
3. Combined |
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Term
| Symptoms of ADHD Inattention |
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Definition
-Lack of attention to detail
-Poor listening
-Limited follow through
-Difficulty with organization
-Avoidance of tasks requiring sustained attention
-Distractibility |
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Term
| Symptoms of AHDH Hyperactivity |
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Definition
-Fidgeting
-Inability to remain seated
-Inappropriate activity level
-Difficulty with quiet, sedentary activities
- Frequent movement
-Excessive talking |
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Term
| Symptoms of ADHD Impulsivity |
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Definition
-Difficulty waiting turns
-Interrupts |
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Term
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Definition
-Environmental modifications and activity adaptations to structure the child's environment to enhance function
-Elimination of sensory distractions, use of lists, date books
-Training in social skills and self-management
-Intervention to promote sensory modulation
-Collaboration with IEP team |
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Term
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Definition
Mild Intellectual Disability
-Focus: Acquiring social and vocational skills |
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Term
|
Definition
Moderate Intellectual Disability
-Focus: Acquiring independence in routine daily skills and skills necessary to perform in desired occupational roles |
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Term
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Definition
Severe Intellectual Disability
-Focus:Acquiring communication skills and some basic health habits |
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Term
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Definition
Profound Intellectual Disability
-Focus: Assistance and supervision are required for basic survival |
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Term
| OT Treatment for Intellectual Disabilities |
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Definition
1. Self-determination and person-centered planning within the persons capabilities
2. Development of community and social participation |
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Term
| Evaluation Focus for OT Mental Health |
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Definition
1. Determine values, interests, desired occupational roles, and self-determined goals
2. ID strengths
3.ID limits
4.Determine functional problems
5. Treatment history and interest in engaging in treatment
6. ID coping skills, stressors, and environmental and social support |
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Term
| Role of OTA in Evaluation in MH |
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Definition
-Can contribute to the evaluation process in collaboration with OTR, supervision required
-Cannot independently evaluate or interpret evaluation results |
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Term
| OT Treatment in MH: Acute Hospitilization |
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Definition
1. Management of all behaviors that threaten safety
2. Engagement in activities that are do-able (brief and structured) to enable success, motivation, and participation
3.Engage the person in the treatment process
4. Relaxation and stress management
5. Skill development to pursue desired occupational roles
6. Engage in activities to promote communication and self-expression |
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Term
| OT Treatment in MH: Long-term Hospitilization |
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Definition
1. Develop and implement a oplan for self-determined goal achievement
2.Provide normalizing environment to encourage engagement and participation
3. Provide graded activities to develop skills needed for ADL/IADL, social participation, leisure, work
4. Relaxation and Stress Management
5. Explore external supports for post-discharge |
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Term
| OT Treatment in MH: Community |
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Definition
1. Services that facilitate recovery and assist in the maintenance of existing skills
2. Continued skill development
3. Develop skills to obtain concrete practical resources to support community living
4 Monitoring of the individual for changing clinical, personal, and social needs |
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Term
| Role of OTA in Treatment in MH |
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Definition
1. OTA implements intervention with supervision of the OTR
- level of supervision depends on the OTA's experience and service competency
2. OTA informs the OTR of any changes in the client's status |
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