Term
| endocrine disorder due to failure of the adrenal cortex to function, often autoimmune destruction; |
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Definition
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Term
| presents with fatigue, weakness, nausea, vomiting, weight loss, amenorrhea [in females] and decreased libido with hyperpigmentation of skin; |
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Definition
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Term
| Na+ will be low and K+ will be high, the Na+:K+ ratio <30:1, cortisol will fail to rise after injection of ACTH. |
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Definition
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Term
| Condition characterized by prolonged fatigue which is worse on exertion, unknown etiology; |
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Definition
| Chronic fatigue syndrome: |
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Term
| may present with sore throat, tender cervical lymph nodes, unrefreshing sleep, muscle pain, post-exertional malaise, impaired memory |
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Definition
| Chronic fatigue syndrome: |
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Term
| presents with change in bowel habit either constipation or diarrhea, weight loss; |
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Definition
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Term
| fecal occult blood will be positive, colonoscopy and biopsy will be diagnostic. |
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Definition
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Term
| inability of the heart to effectively pump blood out; may be caused by coronary heart disease, hypertension, valvular heart disease or congenital heart defects; |
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Definition
| Congestive Heart Failure: |
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Term
| presents with dyspnea on exertion, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, basal crackles in both lungs, distended jugular veins and bilateral ankle edema; |
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Definition
| Congestive Heart Failure: |
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Term
| BNP >500 pg/dL will confirm the diagnosis |
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Definition
| Congestive Heart Failure: |
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Term
| excess secretion of aldosterone, may be due to an adrenal cortical adenoma or hyperplasia; |
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Definition
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Term
| presents with hypertension, headaches, muscle weakness, polyuria and polydypsia; |
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Definition
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Term
| hypokalemia, hypernatremia with elevated serum aldosterone levels; CT scan will confirm the diagnosis. |
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Definition
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Term
| excessive cortisol secretion may be due to an ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma or exogenous steroids; |
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Definition
| Cushing’s disease/syndrome: |
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Term
| presents with truncal obesity, moon face, buffalo hump, purple abdominal striae with recurrent infections; |
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Definition
| Cushing’s disease/syndrome: |
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Term
| hypokalemia, hypernatremia, elevated cortisol levels; |
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Definition
| Cushing’s disease/syndrome: |
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Term
| CT scan of the skull or abdomen may show the secreting tumor in the sella turcica or the abdomen tumor. |
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Definition
| Cushing’s disease/syndrome: |
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Term
| mental illness involving the body, thoughts and moods; |
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Definition
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Term
| may present with at least 4 of the following: sleep disturbance, interest loss, guilt feelings, energy lack, poor concentration, appetite change, psychomotor retardation or agitation or suicidal thoughts plus sadness for at least two weeks; all blood tests are normal. |
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Definition
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Term
| loss of ADH secretion, often associated with head trauma; |
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Definition
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Term
| presents with polyuria, polydypsia due to intense thirst; unable to concentrate the urine even after water deprivation, urine has a constant specific gravity <1.006. |
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Definition
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Term
| polyuria, polydypsia and polyphagia with complications such as peripheral neuropathy and pre-senile cataracts; |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain disorder of unknown origin, mainly in women; |
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Definition
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Term
| presents with 11 out of 18 tender points with fatigue and unrefreshing sleep; all blood tests are normal. |
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Definition
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Term
| autosomal recessive disorder resulting in increase accumulation of iron in the body; |
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Definition
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Term
| presents with fatigue, polyuria, polydypsia with increased skin pigmentation, joints pains and decreased libido; |
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Definition
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Term
| excessive serum iron levels, beak-like osteophytes at the radial margins of metacarpal heads on x-ray of the hands. |
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Definition
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Term
| associated with RNA retroviral infection,sexually transmitted or contaminated blood transfusions, |
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Definition
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Term
| presents with initially as a flu-like illness and later with recurrent infections with opportunistic organisms such as Pneumocystis jiroveci [pneumonia], Cryptosporidium parvum [diarrhea] or HHV Type 8 [Kaposi sarcoma]; |
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Definition
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Term
| ELISA and Western Blot tests will be positive. |
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Definition
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Term
| overactive thyroid gland with excess production of thyroxin; |
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Definition
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Term
| presents with a goiter, tachycardia, bilateral exophthalmos and a fine tremor of the outstretched hands. |
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Definition
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Term
| T3 and T4 will be high and TSH will be low |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Hashimoto’s autoimmune thyroiditis; |
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Definition
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Term
| presents with fatigue, weight gain, hoarse voice, coarse brittle hair, constipation, goiter, loss of the outer third of the eyebrows and slow to relax deep tendon reflexes [Woltman’s sign]; |
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Definition
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Term
| T3 and T4 are low and TSH is high |
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Definition
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Term
| decreased hemoglobin and red blood cell count due to either iron deficient diet or excessive blood loss from heavy menstrual periods or from the GI tract; |
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Definition
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Term
| presents with fatigue, pallor, koilonychia; microcytic hypochromic anemia. |
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Definition
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Term
| multisystem disorder resulting from excess exposure to lead found in paint or industrial fumes; |
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Definition
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Term
| presents with fatigue, anemia, blue gum line, clumsiness, difficult behavior and epileptic seizures or emesis [vomiting]; |
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Definition
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Term
| microcytic hypochromic anemia with basophilic stippling of red blood cells, thick transverse radiodense metaphyseal line [lead line]. |
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Definition
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Term
| malignant white blood cell disease; may be a genetic predisposition-Philadelphia chromosome in CML |
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Definition
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Term
| presents with fatigue, weight loss, generalized lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, recurrent infections or bleeding gums; |
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Definition
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Term
| WBC count > 25,000/mm3 and thrombocytopenia, bone biopsy will confirm the diagnosis. |
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Definition
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Term
| malignant lung tumor, more common in smokers, males>females; |
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Definition
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Term
| presents with fatigue, chronic cough, hemoptysis and weight loss; chest x-ray will show an irregular mass; |
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Definition
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Term
| biopsy will confirm the diagnosis. |
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Definition
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Term
| may be Hodgkin’s or non-Hodgkin’s type, may be related to HHV type 4 [EBV]; |
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Definition
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Term
| presents with fatigue, painless cervical lymphadenopathy, anemia, weight loss, cyclical [Pel Epstein] fever, night sweats, shortness of breath or recurrent infections; |
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Definition
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Term
| biopsy is diagnostic-Reed Sternberg cells=Hodgkin’s lymphoma. |
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Definition
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Term
| chronic autoimmune neuromuscular junction disorder, seen more commonly in middle-aged females; |
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Definition
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Term
| presents bilateral ptosis, diplopia, difficulty in chewing an fatigue worse towards the evenings; |
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Definition
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Term
| Acetylcholine antibodies are present, Tensilon [edrophonium] injection relieves the ptosis transiently. |
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Definition
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Term
| upper airway obstruction at night, seen in overweight males with very short necks; |
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Definition
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Term
| excessive snoring with repeated episodes of no breathing for more than 10 seconds; |
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Definition
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Term
| daytime sleepiness, headaches; diagnosis should be confirmed in a sleep lab. |
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Definition
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Term
| metabolic bone disorder characterized by repeated episodes of osteolysis and excessive but ineffective osteoblastic activity, may be caused by a paramyxo viral infection; |
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Definition
| Paget’s disease of the bone: |
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Term
| presents with fatigue, increased hat size, visual or hearing defects; cotton wool appearance in the skull. |
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Definition
| Paget’s disease of the bone: |
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Term
| Vitamin B12 deficiency due to lack of Intrinsic Factor caused by autoimmune destruction of the parietal cells in the stomach; |
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Definition
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Term
| presents with fatigue, beef tongue, paresthesia in the fingers and toes or problems with balance; |
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Definition
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Term
| macrocytic normochromic anemia with low Vitamin B12 serum levels. |
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Definition
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Term
| chronic multisystem disease of unknown origin, characterized by non-caseous granulomas; |
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Definition
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Term
| presents with fatigue, dyspnea; hypercalcemia, chest x-ray will show bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy. |
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Definition
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Term
| damage to the sinoatrial node due to ischemic heart disease; |
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Definition
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Term
| may present with episodes of tachycardia alternating with bradycardia; |
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Definition
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Term
| ECG is diagnostic-alternating runs of tachycardia and bradycardia. |
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Definition
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Term
| a chronic infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, characterized by Ghon focus and complex with caseous necrosis and granulomas; |
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Definition
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Term
| presents with cough, night sweats, fever, hemoptysis and weight loss; |
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Definition
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Term
| chest x-ray may show apical consolidation and cavitation; sputum with show Ziehl Neelsen staining bacilli which grow best in the Lowenstein Jensen medium. |
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Definition
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