Term
| 1. The electron transport chain is located in the _____. |
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Definition
| INNER MITOCHONDRIAL MEMBRANE |
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Term
| 2. The electron transport chain uses a series of carrier enzymes that passes electrons in a stepwise fashion from _____ to _____ to _____. |
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Definition
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| 3. The purpose of the electron transport chain is to liberate energy that can be used to make ATP. This is done by oxidizing _____ and _____ in a process in which 5 protein complexes are used to catalyze the oxidation reactions freeing up electrons. |
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Definition
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Term
| 4. NADH produced in the cytosol by glycolysis cannon directly cross the mitochondrial membrane so the _____ and _____ shuttles help transport it. |
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Definition
| MALATE-ASPARTATE AND GLYCEROL-3-PHOSPHATE SHUTTLES |
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Term
| 5. Cytosolic oxaloacetate is reduced to malate by _____. |
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Definition
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| 6. Malate enters the _____ carrying an electron. |
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Definition
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| 7. Malate is then oxidized to _____ regenerating NADH in the mitochondrial matrix. |
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Definition
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Term
| 8. Since oxaloacetate cannon cross the mitochondrial membrane, it is converted to _____. |
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Definition
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| 9. Aspartate can then cross the mitochondrial membrane back into the cytosol, where it is reconverted to _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 10. Cystolic DHAP is reduced to glycerol-3-phosphate by _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 11. Glycerol-3-phosphate enters the mitochondria and reacts with _____ to enter the inner mitochondrial membrane. |
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Definition
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Term
| 12. When this occurs _____ is regenerated and re-enters the cytosol. |
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Definition
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Term
| 13. The FADH2 generated gives up its electrons to _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 14. These are the 5 key players in the electron transport chain. |
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Definition
| 1) CYTOCHROMES, 2) IRON-SULFUR PROTEINS, 3) FLAVIN-LINKED PROTEINS, 4) PYRIDINE-LINKED DEHYDROGENASES, 5) QUINONES |
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Term
| 15. _____ are proteins that contain iron part of an iron-porphyrin group called heme. |
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Definition
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Term
| 16. There are 3 main types of cytochromes with slightly different hemes, and they are designated _____, _____ and _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 17. What is the difference between cytochromines and hemoglobin? |
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Definition
| HEMOGLOBIN CARRIES OXYGEN, WHILE CYTOCHROMES CARRY ELECTRONS |
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Term
| 18. When participating in redox reactions, cytochromes undergo the same transition as iron-sulfur groups, with the iron picking up one _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 19. _____ participate in the redox reactions of the electron transport chain. They use iron-sulfur groups with the sulfur being either inorganic sulfur atoms, and/or sulfur atoms of cysteine in the protein. |
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Definition
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Term
| 20. _____ use FAD or FMN and function as prosthetic groups that are tightly bound to the enzyme. They have 3 oxidation sites, and generally carry one or two hydrogen’s. |
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Definition
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Term
| 21. _____ use NAD+ or NAD+ and are pyridine derivatives. They usually function as coenzymes that associate with the enzyme temporarily. They remove two hydrogens from the substrate, one from the hydride ion and one from the proton released from the medium. |
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Definition
| PYRIDINE-LINKED DEHYDROGENASES |
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Term
| 22. _____ are small organic molecules that can participate in biochemical redox reactions. |
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Definition
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Term
| 23. _____ is a lipid soluble quinone with 3 oxidation states that is a component of the electron transport chain. It can carry one or 2 hydrogens picking one up at a time. |
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Definition
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Term
| 24. There are 5 complexes in the process of oxidative phosphorylation. The first 4 complexes are involved in the _____ and are located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. The last complex is involved in _____. |
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Definition
| TRANSFERRING ELECTRONS; GENERATING ATP |
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Term
| 25. Complex 1 of the electron transport chain consists of _____ with _____. |
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Definition
| NADH DEHYDROGENASE WITH COENZYME Q |
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Term
| 26. In complex 1 of the electron transport chain, _____ is oxidized and _____ is reduced. The freed electrons are then passed along the inner mitochondrial membrane by coenzyme Q. |
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Definition
| NADH (TO NAD), FMN (TO FMNH2) |
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Term
| 27. Complex 2 of the electron transport chain consists of _____ with _____. |
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Definition
| SUCCINATE DEHYDROENASE COMPLEX WITH COQNZYME Q |
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Term
| 28. In complex 2 of the electron transport chain, the _____ formed in the TCA cycle enters the electron transport chain of the mitochondria. |
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Definition
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Term
| 29. FADH2 is oxidized and transfers its hydrogens to the iron sulfur groups, which in turn pass the excess electros to _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 30. The reduction of coenzyme Q allows it to pass onto to _____. |
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Definition
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| 31. Complex III of the electron transport chain consists of _____ with _____. |
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Definition
| CYTOCHROME C WITH COENZYME Q |
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Term
| 32. Complex III removes in a stepwise fashion 2 elevtrons from CoQH2 at the Qo site, and tansfers them to two molecules of _____ which is a water soluble electron carrier located in the intermembrane space. The other 2 electrons are sequentially passed to the Qi site when quinone is reduced to _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 33. Complex IV of the electron transport chain consists of _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 34. In complex IV, oxygen picks up 2 electrons forming _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 35. In the final step of the electron transport chain, hydrogen re-enters the mitochondrial matrix through complex V causing it to convert _____ to _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 36. These are the 2 drop off points in the electron transport chain. |
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Definition
| 1) NADH AT COMPLEX ONE, 2) FADH2 AT COMPLEX II |
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Term
| 37. In the electron transport chain, NADH gives up its electrons and produces _____ ATP’s, and FADH2 gives up its electrons and produces _____ ATP’s. |
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Definition
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Term
| 38. _____ are heme(iron)-containing compounds that receive electrons from CoQH2. |
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Definition
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Term
| 39. The reduced oxygen produced by cytochromes is used to form water, and is catalyzed by _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 40. _____ is an important element needed in the electron transport chain. It passes the electron to cytochrome a in complex IV. |
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Definition
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Term
| 41. _____ and _____ inhibit cytochrome c oxidase in the electron transport chain. |
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Definition
| CYANIDE AND CARBON MONOXIDE |
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