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| Family with 3+ generations in same household |
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| more than nuclear family in household |
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| where siblings live together with their spouses and children |
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| affinal family relationships |
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| family related by marriage |
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| giving a non-relative a kinship title |
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| people automatically have lifetime membership in their father's group |
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| People join the mother's group automatically at birth and stay members throughout life |
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| Actualy traced back descent |
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| Where they say they come from same descent with no proof. |
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| Person who is at the top of common geneaology |
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| Practice of seeking a mate outsides one's own group |
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| Dictating mating or marriage within ones group |
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| man has more than one wife |
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| woman has more than 1 husband |
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| when wife dies and the family gives a substitute wife |
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| if a husband dies and the wife takes a substitute husband |
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| collecting food/hunting in small groups where kinship and lack of food production keep everyone together. Inuits-> now use firearms/snowmobiles |
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| Small scale agriculture in small groups of about 150 people where they use simple tools and slash,burn and cultivation techniques. |
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| Is the domestication of animals where the groups live in symbiosis with the herds. Correlates with nomadism and transhumance and using all parts of the animal. |
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| Is the mass production of food that supports larger societies and it increased sedentism,but also disease. It changes the landscape and requires intensive labor. Ex. terracingm irrigation, adn domesticating of animals. |
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| Alienation in Industrial Economies |
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| Nonindustrialized economies feel more obligated to their work and ahve pride in it as well are usually related to who they work with. People in industrial societies have impresonal relationships with their prosucts, coworkers, and emplOYEES. |
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| is found in todays' capitalist economies (united states) |
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| where goods/services and equivalents more from the local level to a center and back down to where it came from. |
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| History from food foragers to producers |
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| prior to 10000 yrs ago everyone foraged. Then the domestication of goats/sheep in fertile crescent and the cultivation of wheat and barley changed trajectory. |
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| market principle, reciprocity, redistribution |
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| famous example is Marcel Mauss and the "Kula Ring" in the Trobinand Islands with the shell necklaces in clockwise pattern and shell bracelets in counter clockwise pattern |
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| Least complex/permanent, nomadic foragers, small, oldest form of politics, kinship bonds and age and gender determine respect adn support, egalitarian, break-up during disputes-Inuit |
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| lack of strong leadership because everyone seen as equals |
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| bigger than bands, tribesmembers usually belong descent group, slightly sedentary, leadership tied to charisma, pan-tribal mechanisms, lack central gov't,horticulture & pastoralism, lack chief |
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| untied thorugh different tribes |
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| very few exist, permanent regulations of territories, chief is prime authority (divine rule), and redistributes wealth, see beginngs of stratification, intensive hort. pastoralism agriculture and nomadism, permanent/regional |
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| 3 dimensions social stratification |
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| very large, not necessarily kinship based, non-kin relations important,soc. stratus very important, contains population control judiciary, enforcement, and fiscal, agriculture/undustrial |
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| where some have priveleged access to money, power, knowledge etc |
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| humans vs. animal communication |
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| we have the brains and adaptability to speak and understand while some animals can learn how to communicate, but their instinctive communication skills depend |
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| how sound combine to form morphemes |
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| dictionary containing morphemes |
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| is the arrangement and order of words in phrases and sentences |
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| smallest perceptible unit of speech |
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| distinct sounds in a language -> /p/ /i/ /g/ |
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| distinct sounds in a language -> /p/ /i/ /g/ |
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| we are prisoners of the language we speak. if there is no word for something we wont know what it is. speakers of different languages see the world differently |
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| we were born with certain mandatory/optional rules for grammar |
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| sees language as a window to cognition (vocab) |
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