Term
Half Dome and El Capital
Intrusive Igneous Rocks, Course Grained |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where and what is Mt. Whitney? |
|
Definition
| Largest mountain in lower 48, Sequoia National Park |
|
|
Term
| Where and what is Mauna Loa? |
|
Definition
| Highest volcano in the world, Hawaii volcanoes National Park |
|
|
Term
| Where and what is Kilauea? |
|
Definition
| One of the most active volcanoes in the world, a caldera, in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park |
|
|
Term
| Shield volcanoes are made from what type of lava/rock? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The closest thing on earth that looks like a moon, last erupted in 1790 but is now dormant |
|
Definition
| Maui Haleakala in Maui Haleakala National park |
|
|
Term
| Where and what is Red Hills? |
|
Definition
| A large cinder cone (10,023ft) in Maui Haleakala National Park |
|
|
Term
| Where and what is Mt. Rainer? |
|
Definition
| Tallest and biggest of the cascade volcanoes, Mt. Rainer national park |
|
|
Term
| What percentage of Mt. Rainer is lava flows? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What and where is Wonderbad Trail? |
|
Definition
| Mt. Rainer National Park hiking trail that goes all around the volcano |
|
|
Term
| Describe the Eruption history of Mt. Rainer |
|
Definition
About 5700 years ago was probably bigger than today, a huge eruption.
About 2500 years ago it started erupting again.
Always lots of lava and then huge explosions |
|
|
Term
| What is Crater Lake like in Crater Lake National park? |
|
Definition
Deepest Lake in North America, covers 21 Square miles, a huge lake at the top of the volcano.
Wizard Island (large cinder cone in the caldera)
Bottom of the lake is still warm |
|
|
Term
| What and where is Wizard Island? |
|
Definition
| Crater Lake NP, large cinder cone that formed in the caldera after a big eruption took place |
|
|
Term
| Where is (was) Mt. Mayoma? |
|
Definition
| Crater Lake National park, was probably 11,000 ft. high |
|
|
Term
| lassen volcanic national park has lots of different ----- features |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where and what is Mt. Tehama |
|
Definition
| Lassen Volcanic national park, most of it disappeared in the caldera long ago, what is left is called brokeoff volcanoe |
|
|
Term
| Where and what is Brokeoff Volcano? |
|
Definition
| The remains of mt. Tehama after most of it broke off into the caldera of lassen volcanic national park |
|
|
Term
| Describe some of the features of Lassen Peak in Lassen Volcanic national park (a volcanic dome) |
|
Definition
A volcanic dome formed called lassen peak, big slog of lava often found in crater very slowly oozing itself out of the vent
4 small shield volcanos surround it |
|
|
Term
| How many volcanos are there in Katmai National park? How many have erupted since 1912? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happened in 1912 at Katmai National Park? |
|
Definition
Massive volcanic eruption which produced 30 sq miles of pyroplastics in 24 hours, this was the largest eruption of the 20th century and is known as a novarupta
10 years later the pyroplastics are still hot and the valleys were filled up with 300 ft of pyroplastic debris.
From then on it was known as the valley of 10,000 smokes |
|
|
Term
| Describe the geology of Yellowstone national park (why is there so many thermal features?) |
|
Definition
| A hot spot of felsic magma |
|
|
Term
| What type of lava is there at Yellowstone National Park? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the history of super volcanoes at yellowstone national park? (there are three of them) |
|
Definition
2.2 mya (now idaho) 2500 cubic km
1.2 mys 280 cubic km
.6 mya 1000 cubic km
these are known as super volcanoes and we are due for another that will destroy the entire USA |
|
|
Term
| How do the super volcanoes at Yellowstone National park happen? |
|
Definition
Felsic magma bows up the surface as it rises.
As the crust is rigid it will crack.
Pressure gets released, lots of gas...and then boom!
Once it has erupted the surface collapses and we are left with a caldera (aka the Yellowstone caldera) |
|
|
Term
what percentage of the worlds geysers are at Yellowstone national park?
Is yellowstone the oldest National park and was it formed in 1872? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How big is the grand canyon? length, width, and depth |
|
Definition
| 270 miles long, 9-18 miles wide, 1 mile deep |
|
|
Term
| Approx. how much rock has eroded away to form the Grand Canyon over the course of millions of years? |
|
Definition
| About 1600 million cubic meters over the course of millions of years |
|
|
Term
| The Grand Canyon has a very distinct V shape valley with what river flowing thru it? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is Geological Formation? |
|
Definition
| Mapable body of distinctive rock types |
|
|
Term
| Describe the geological history of the rocks scene at the grand canyon |
|
Definition
Dark Rock: shists (metamorphic rock)
Pine rocks: Granites (igneous int. rocks)
Granites are younger
Principle of cross-cutting relationships
Schists are from continent-continent collision |
|
|
Term
| What kind of sandstone is at Zion national park? This is the only type of rock within the 2000 ft canyon. |
|
Definition
| Navajo Sandstone. The only types of rock. |
|
|
Term
| Zion National park was a huge dessert during what era? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Virgin River is in what national park? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe Bryce Canyon, what are hoodoos? |
|
Definition
| its not actually a canyon but a series of amphitheaters cut into the side of the plateau. Hoodoos are odd shaped erosional features. |
|
|
Term
| Bryce Canyon has more ---- then any other place in the world |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What rock types are the arches of Arches National Park made from? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the way in which arches (arches National Park) are formed? |
|
Definition
Rocks have fractures in them called joints, usually there are joint sets; whole series of fractures running parallel to each other
Over time the joints get wider as erosion occurs along them.
The weaker sections of the sandstone erode more quickly creating thinner areas
Before they open up all the way they are called a blink arch (potential arch) |
|
|
Term
| What two rivers (though one of them is more like a tributary) run through Canyonlands national park? |
|
Definition
| The colorado river and the Green River (tributary) |
|
|
Term
| What are the different hypothesis surrounding the upheaval dome which is located in Canyonlands National park? |
|
Definition
The crater domed upwards because impact side of a larger meteor.
OR the rocks were pushed up by a huge plate of salt.
(salt will flow, tends to rise upwards and push up the underlying rocks |
|
|
Term
| Where is the Island in the Sky Mesa? The Angel Arch? The Needles? Cataract Canyon? What rock dominates this park? |
|
Definition
These are all at Canyonlands National park. The Cataract Canyon is where the colorado and Green River meet, The Needles are a lot of sandstone spires.
Dominated sandstone |
|
|
Term
| what is the main rock of Canyonlands? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the Morrison formation? |
|
Definition
| Capital Reef National park |
|
|
Term
| What does reef mean in relation to Capitol Reef national park? |
|
Definition
| Old term for barriers or opassages, some of the sandstone was eroded into rounded dome like shapes, 100 mile long stretch has been folded |
|
|
Term
| What is the main rock of the Capitol Reef? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The petrified wood of Petrified Forest National park has been replaced by what two things? |
|
Definition
| sandstone and congolomerate |
|
|
Term
| What type of rock is found in petrified national forest and what era is it from? |
|
Definition
| Triasttic shales (multicolored) |
|
|
Term
| The riverbeds of petrified forest national park are marked by what two rock types? (same as what the wood is replaced with) |
|
Definition
| sandstone and conglomerate |
|
|
Term
| Mammoth cave National Park has the longest -----cave system known in the world |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How did the levels of mammoth cave form? |
|
Definition
| Below a certain leel all openings are filled with water( this is called the watertable) it is not flat. Water flows from the higher ares to the lowers areas |
|
|
Term
| What type of rock (its a limestone) is in Mammoth cave? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Frozen Niagra in Mammoth cave is made of what type of rock? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is Wind Cave National park located? |
|
Definition
| In the Black Hills of South Dakota, near mt rushmore, a much smaller scale than Mammoth cave. |
|
|
Term
What type of rock is found at Wind Cave national park?
(it is also found out Mammoth cave) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is box work? (box work is found at Wind Cave national park) |
|
Definition
| Before the cave formed there were lots of joints and overtime these were filled with calcite. The fractures filled with a mineral, this leaves "veins" after joins have eroded |
|
|
Term
| Steleothems (associated with caves such as Mammoth and wind) are what two things? |
|
Definition
| Stalagties and stalagmites |
|
|
Term
| Carlsbad Caverns has huge ---- |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Carlsbad Caverns has the largest ---- of any caves (mammoth is the longest) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of rock is associated with Carlsbad caverns? (from what era) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are there lots of bats? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of rock is associated with Guadalpue Mountains National park? (also found in Carlsbad caverns) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Guadalupe Mountains are known as what type of Mountain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Guadalupe Mountains National park has what type of reef geologically? In the Permian time it extended to hundres of miles and had an extensive shallow lagoon behind reed |
|
Definition
| Barrier reef, had a shallow lagoon |
|
|
Term
| The guadalupe mountains national park is associated with what highest point? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of rocks are associated with Voyageurs National park? (type, era, name) and what type of rock have they been intruded by (just name) |
|
Definition
| Metamorphic precambrian rocks that have been intruded by lots of granites |
|
|
Term
| Voyageuers National park has how many lakes and how many islands? Rocks of the ---- can be found here. |
|
Definition
| 4 interconnected lakes with about 500 islands. Rocks of the Craton |
|
|
Term
| Isle Royals it the largest ---- of lake ----. The islands run parallel to the direction the ---- was moving. |
|
Definition
| Island of Lake superior. Glacier during ice age. |
|
|
Term
| What two types of rocks are associated with ISland Royale National Park |
|
Definition
| Basalt lava and conglomerates |
|
|
Term
| Where can you find a lot of abandoned copper mines? |
|
Definition
| Isle Royale national park |
|
|
Term
| Island Royale has a lot of moose on an island because when they got there the lake thawed and now thats where they hang out. |
|
Definition
| Study hard, yellowstone awaits you soon |
|
|
Term
| What type of rock is associated with Acadia National park? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cadillac Mountain is the highest point in what park? There is a hiking path at the top if it. |
|
Definition
| Acadia National park in Maine |
|
|
Term
| The mountains of Acadia National park are bald because |
|
Definition
| They were all covered by ice and snow (therefore desert) |
|
|
Term
| Shenandoah National park is long and skinny and near what area? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Clingmans Dome is the highest point of what national park? |
|
Definition
| Great Smoky Mountains National park |
|
|
Term
| Cades Cave is associated with what national park? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Glacier National park has |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Craton rocks can be found in these three places |
|
Definition
| The bottom of the grand canyon, the great lakes region, and the appalachian mountains |
|
|
Term
| How and when did the Appalachian Mountains develop? |
|
Definition
| The Cambrian, the craton (its part of the old plate of Europe) |
|
|
Term
| The East coast is --- passive with no active plate boundaries, the west coast is ---- with lots of plate boundaries. This changes over geological time |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An old portion of the geological crust that has survived the merging and splitting of plates |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An old portion of the geological crust that has survived the merging and splitting of plates |
|
|
Term
| The Grant Teton is what type of mountain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Grand Teton is younger than the ---- |
|
Definition
Orogeny
This is an event that causes distinctive structural phenomena |
|
|
Term
| Jackson hole is the valley of what fault block mountain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When were the olympic mountains formed? are they still being formed? |
|
Definition
| The tertiary age, yes they are still being formed, on the edge of the North American plate |
|
|
Term
| The olympic mountains are on the edge of what plate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What rocks are the Sierra Navada Mountains made of? |
|
Definition
| light colored grayish masses of plutonic igenous rocks. (Batholiths) |
|
|
Term
| How did the rocks of the Sierra Navada mountains form? (plutonic igneous rocks, batholiths) |
|
Definition
| Sierra Navada runs right into the Cascades subduction zone |
|
|
Term
| How did the Cascade range form in terms of plate tectonics? |
|
Definition
| converging plate boundary of the small Juan de Fuca plate being subudcted by the North American plate |
|
|
Term
| What three national parks are found in the cascade range? |
|
Definition
| Mt. Rainier, Crater Lake, Lassen Peak |
|
|
Term
| What is the origin of the Aleutian Range in terms of plate tectonics? |
|
Definition
| Oceanic converging plate boundaries, the pacific plate vs the North American plate |
|
|
Term
| What is the Colorado Plateau (what states, what types of rocks) |
|
Definition
| elevated flat top ortion of the crust that covers Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona, is it dominated by flat lined horizontal sedimentary rocks |
|
|
Term
| What are the main erosional features of the colorado plateau? |
|
Definition
| Shapes by lots of erosion meaning it is not flat everywhere, The Grand canyon, Zion and Bryce are on it, Erosional remanants such as mesa, bute, and chimney |
|
|
Term
| What area can you find erosional remnants such as mesa, bute, and chimney? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Central Lowlands are thick layers of what time of rock from what era |
|
Definition
| Thick Paleozoic layer of limestone |
|
|
Term
| The Central Lowlands are marked by many caves such as: |
|
Definition
| Mammoth cave, Wind cave, and Carlsbad Caverns |
|
|
Term
| The Appalachian Mountains are an excellent example of what type of collision |
|
Definition
| Continent-continent collision |
|
|
Term
| The rocks of the Appalachian Mountains are regionally ---- rocks |
|
Definition
| Regionally metamorphized rocks |
|
|
Term
| an Orogeny is a --------- This is associated with the Appalachian mountains because ------ |
|
Definition
| Mountain building episode. The passive eastern margin became an active continental margin where the subduction zone was occurring making the Appalachian mountains build in two different 'episodes' |
|
|
Term
| What type of rock is associated with the Appalachian Mountains during the first mountain building episode (orogeny)? |
|
Definition
| Intermediate volcanic rocks: andesite |
|
|
Term
| What three places are associated with the Appalachian Mountains? This to this to this |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Blue Ridge Mountains are the core of the ------ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Blue Ridge and Appalachian Mountains are associated with what type of rock from which era? |
|
Definition
| sedimentary rocks (not metamorphized) which are highly distorted, folded, and faulted |
|
|
Term
| Very large ---- and big ----- helped to make the Appalachian mountains what they are |
|
Definition
| very large thrust faults and big folds |
|
|
Term
| The blue ridge is NOT part of what craton but is ----- |
|
Definition
| Not part of the North American Craton nor the European but something else created by a micro continent that collided with the North American plate |
|
|
Term
| How was the blue ridge mountain craton made? |
|
Definition
| Its not the North American Craton nor the European craton by was created by a micro continent colliding with the North American plate |
|
|
Term
| What did --- faults do to the Rocky Mountains? |
|
Definition
| THRUST faults brought old rocks up and put them on top of newer ones |
|
|
Term
| What park is in the Northern rockies? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What park is in the Southern rockies? |
|
Definition
| Rocky Mountain National park |
|
|
Term
| What orogeny is associated with the rocky mountains? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The northern rockies are made of what type of rock from what era? |
|
Definition
| Precambrian sedimentary rock |
|
|
Term
| The Southern rockies are made of what type of rock from what era? |
|
Definition
| Precambrian gneisses (metamorphic rocks) |
|
|
Term
| What evidence do we have that supports the Nebula theory? |
|
Definition
| rocks on the moon, observed meteorites which are all approx the same age a 4.6 billion years old |
|
|
Term
| What happens when you compress gas (the nebula theory) |
|
Definition
| it heats up to millions of degrees celcius and the pressure and temperature makes it begin to spin into the shape of a disc, if it compresses even more nuclear fusion will occur which changes elements such as hydrogen. Little mass is converted to tremendous amounts of energy, when the mass explodes a star is created |
|
|
Term
| Volcanic eruptions emit --- and --- because they couldn't escape into space because of gravity |
|
Definition
| water vapor and carbon dioxide |
|
|
Term
| The earth is composed of 78 percent ---- and 21 % ----- |
|
Definition
| Nitrogen N2, and Oxygen O2 |
|
|
Term
| How did the hydrosphere first form? |
|
Definition
| water vapor from volcanoes turned into tiny droples which later became rain because gravity wouldn't let it escape into space. These eventually filled up the holes which became the ocean |
|
|
Term
| Where does the 02 come from that we see in the atmosphere? |
|
Definition
| The greenhouse effect, the atmosphere was changed by the biosphere |
|
|
Term
| What is special about the oldest fossils on earth or cyanobacteria fossils? |
|
Definition
| They are able to do photosynthesis, blue/green, single cells |
|
|
Term
| What two things is rust made from? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some features of the lithosphere? |
|
Definition
| crust and upper mantle, cool rigid outer shell of the earth, made of of plates in motion, crust sits on top of the lithosphere. |
|
|
Term
| What are the features of the asthenosphere? |
|
Definition
| Low velocity zone (seismic waves slow down as they reach it) hotter and plastic. |
|
|
Term
| What are some features of the mesosphere? |
|
Definition
| The remains of the mantle after the lithosphere and athenosphere, hotter and rigid. |
|
|
Term
| What are some present day examples of diverging plate boundaries? Where do they occur? |
|
Definition
| occur at oceanic ridge system. Ex: mid-atlantic ridge, East pacific ridge. Heat is moving in them from the astenosphere |
|
|
Term
| What are oceanic-oceanic plate boundaries? |
|
Definition
| subduction results in the production of magma, volcanoes grow from the floor of the ocean, builds a chain of volcanic rock structures that emerge from the ocean. Ex: Ring of fire |
|
|
Term
| What is oceanic-continental converging plate boundary? present day example? |
|
Definition
| a mountain range forms along the margin of the continent, Ex: Andean Mountain range |
|
|
