Energy metabolism

THe study of energy in the human body

food broken down by the digestive system into smaller by products called substrates.

• proteins carbs and lipids constitue the main substrates used to transfer metabolic energy

orgnaic compounds of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

Are the most important for energy

Carbs breakdown into glucose and simple sugar

• The primary end product after digestion of carbs
• a simple sugar manufactured by the body from carbohydrates, fats, and to a lesser extent protien, which serves as the bodys main source of fuel

The storage form of Carbohydrates

complex carb molecule used to stor carb in the liver and muscle cells. When carb is needed, glycogen is converted into glucose for use by the muscle cells

The chemical or substrate form in which most fat exist in food as well as in the body

when fats are not needed they are converted into triglycerides and transported to a fat cell for storage.

amino acids linked by peptide bonds, which consist of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and usually sulfur and that have several essentail biological compounds

rarley supplies much energy during exercise

during a negative energy balance, amino acids are used to assist in energy production.

• the formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources, such as amino acids

• Energy storage and transfer unit within the cells of the body

• The sun

• 40%
• Remainder is released as heat

1. The ATP-PC system
2. Glycolysis
3. The oxidative system

• aka phosphagen ssytem.
• Occurs without the presence of oxygen
• Provides energy for High intensity, short duration bouts of exercise
• can be seen in power and strength forms of training.
• Can supply energy for 10-15 seconds before complete exhaustion.
• Activated at the onset of actvity, regardless of intensity

• A chemical breakdown of Glucose
• aka anaerobic glycolysis
• before glucose or glycogen can generate energy it must be converted to glucose-6-phosphate
• the conversion of glucose to glucose 6 uses up 1 ATP where as glycogen does not.
• The end result of glycolysis is either pyruvic acid (aerobic glycolysis) or lactaic acid(anaerobic glycolysis)
• 2 ATP are produced from glucose, 3 ATP are produced from glycogen
• limited to 30-50 seconds of duration
• Most fitnss workouts fall in this catagorie because reps used 8-12

• This is the most complex of all of them
• is the process that uses substrates with aid of oxygen to generate ATP.
• AKA aerobic process
• requires use of oxygen

1. Aerobic glycolysis
2. The Krebs cycle
3. The electron transport chain (ETC)

The breakdown of triglycerides into smaller subunits called free fatty acids (FFAs)

to convert FFAs into acyl-CoA molecules, whch then are availble to enter the krebs cycle and ultimately lead to the production of ATP

• The state in which the body's metabolism is elevated after exercise