A conglomeration of billions of cells specifically designed to provide a communication network with in the human body

Divided into two parts

Central and Peripheral nervous system

the ability of the nervous system to sense changes in either the internal or external enviorment

Example

a. Stretch change on muscle (internal)

b. change from walking on sidewalk to walking on sand (External)

1. Leverage
2. support

How many bones in the Skeletal system?

how many bones are used in voluntary movement?

The bones in the body form how many joints?

206 skeletal system

177 voluntary

300 joints

Long bones

short bones

flat bones

irregular bones

sesamoid bones

long, cylindrical shaft and irregular or widened ends

(Humerus, femur)

Similar in length and width and appear somewhat cubical in shape

(carpals of hands, tarsels of feet)

Thin, protective

(Scapulae)

Unique shape and function

(vertebrae)

Small often round bones embedded in a joint capsule or found in locations where a tendon passes over a joint

(Pattella)

The Shaft portion of a long bone

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The central cavity of bone shafts where marrow is stored

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Flattened or indented portions of bone, which can be muscle attachement sites

• PG 28 for picture

1. Cervical 7
2. Thoracic 12
3. Lumbar 5
4. Sacrum 5
5. coccyx 3-5 fused together bones

1. Roll
2. slide
3. Spin

Joint rolls across the surface of another like a tire of a bicycle rolls on street.

(femur and tibia joint rolling)

[image]

One joints surface slides across another much like tire of bicycle skidding across the street

Example is tibial condyles moving(sliding) across the femoral condyles during knee extension.

one joint surface rotates on another much like twisting lid off a jar.

Example: radius rotating on the end of humerus during pronation and supination of the forearm

• Are the most common joints asociated with human movement.
•  80% of all joint movement in the body
• Held together by a joint capsule and ligaments
• Produces synovial fluid, has a joint cavity and fibrous connectie tissue
• Example: Knee

• No joint cavity and fibrous connective tissue, little or no movement
• Example: Sutures of the skull

No axis of rotation, moves by sliding side to side or back and forth (carples of the hand)

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Formed by fitting of condyles of one bone into elliptical cavites of another; moves predominantly in one plane
(Finger, knee)

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uniaxial; moves predominantly in one plane of motion (sagittal)

Example: Elbow

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One bone fits like a saddle on another bone; moves in two planes (sagittal, joint of thumb fronal)

Example: Carpometeacarpal

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Most mobile of joints; moves in all three planes of motion

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What is Endomysium?

Perimysium?

Epidmysium?

•  Endomysium-The deepest layer of connective tissue that surrounds individual muscle fibers
• Epimysium - layer of connective tissue that is underneathe the fascia and surrounds muscle
• perimysium - connective tissue that surrounds fasciales
• [image]

attach muscle to bone

provide anchor for muscles to produce force

The functional unit of muscle that produces muscular contraction and consist of actin and myosin repeating sections.

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Slow twitch

• more capillaries, motochondrian
• increased oxygen delivery
• smaller in size
• less force produced
• slow to fatigue

• Fast twitch
• larger in sized
• decreased oxygen delivery
• fewer capillaries, mitochondria
• quick to fatigue
• more force produced