Term
| T/F: most nasal tumors are malignant. |
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Definition
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Term
| What class of dogs are predisposed to nasal tumors? |
|
Definition
| Dolichocephalic breeds are predisposed to nasal tumors. |
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Term
| What environmental stimuli can put animals at an increased risk for nasal tumors? |
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Definition
Urban lifestyle
Flea sprays
Kerosene/coal heaters
Secondhand smoke |
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Term
| Describe the clinical presentation of a dog/cat with a nasal tumor: |
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Definition
Nasal discharge
Epistaxis--often unilateral
CNS signs if cribriform plate is penetrated--seizures, paresis
Facial deformity
Dyspnea
Note: clinical signs will depend on location |
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Term
| What are some differentials for dog/cat with upper respiratory signs, besides neoplasia? |
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Definition
Tooth root abscess
Inflammatory polyp
Fungal/bacterial infections
Lymphoplasmacytic/eosinophilic rhinitis
Coagulopathies
Nasal mites
Foreign body |
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Term
| Though paraneoplastic disorders are rare in nasal tumors, they can occur. What are some of them? |
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Definition
Erythrocytosis
Mild nonregenerative anemia
Immune-mediated thrombocytopenia
Hypercalcemia |
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Term
| T/F: in general, detection of nasal neoplasms in our canine and feline patients is so late in the course of the disease that effective management with any therapy is compromised by large tumor burden and significant invasiveness. |
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Definition
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Term
| What diagnostic test is required to confirm the tumor type of a nasal neoplasm? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What diagnostic tests should be done in cases of suspected nasal neoplasms? |
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Definition
Phyical exam
Pre-biopsy coagulation tests, CBC, Chem, UA
Radiographs--3 view
CT
Biopsy
FNA of submandibular lymph node |
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Term
| ____-____% of dogs with nasal neoplasms will have early spreads to regional lymph nodes, commonly the ___________ lymph node. |
|
Definition
10-20%
Submandibular lymph node |
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Term
| Without therapy, the MST for a dog with a nasal tumor is ______ months, while radiation therapy extends MST to ______ months. |
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Definition
3-6 months without treatment
12 months with radiation |
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Term
| Cats with nasal lymphoma typically have a MST of ____ year. |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F: chemotherapy for the treatment of nasal tumors is curative. |
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Definition
| False. Chemotherapy (cisplatin/carboplatin/ palladia) is palliative |
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Term
| T/F: piroxicam is acceptable in any nasal tumor therapy. |
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Definition
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Term
| List the positive prognostic indicators for a nasal tumor: |
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Definition
Tumor type: sarcoma better than carcinoma
Radiation sensitivity: adenocarcinomas more sensitive
Histologic grade
Clinical stage
Degree of invasiveness |
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Term
| What is the most common type of nasal tumor? |
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Definition
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Term
| On average, dogs with nasal cancer are about ___ years old, though chondrosarcomas occur in dogs with a mean age of about ___. |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of biopsy is useful when a nasal tumor cannot be visualized? |
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Definition
| Blind transnasal core biopsy |
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Term
| What treatment option is typically the standard of care for dogs with nasal neoplasms? |
|
Definition
Radiation therapy
Note: CT/MRI is imperative for radiation planning. |
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