Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What population of CAP are GNRs seen? |
|
Definition
| ICU, pts with underlying illness |
|
|
Term
| Risk factors for Pen-resistance? |
|
Definition
| <2 or >65. B-lactam use within 3 m, alcoholism,comorbidities, immunosuppressed, child in day care |
|
|
Term
| Quinopristin/dalfopristin |
|
Definition
| Synergid, binds 50s subunit, not active versus enterococcus faecium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Spectracef, 3rd gen ceph, pen resistant strept pneumo, H. flu and MMSA. Take with high fat meal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ketek, mild to mod CAP. HEPATOTOXIC!Not for pts with liver problems! QTc prolongation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Avelox. QTc prolongation (don't use with class Ia/IV antiarrthythmics)Tendonitis + tendon rupture risk |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Teflaro. IV 5th gen ceph. MRSA coverage |
|
|
Term
| tx CAP Outpatient therapy |
|
Definition
| macrolide OR doxy OR FQ OR Augmenin if suspected aspiration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| CefTRI, OR Cefotax + macrolide OR B-lactam with B-lactamase inh. + macrolide OR Resp FQ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ceftri, OR cefotax OR B-lactam with B-lactamase inh.(ie Zosyn) + macrolide or FQ
Pen allergy: FQ + aztreonam |
|
|
Term
| UTI relapse vs reinfection |
|
Definition
relapse: same organism, <14 days after completion of antibiotics
Reinfection: same OR diff organism, >14 days after antibiotics |
|
|
Term
| UTI: When and with what to prophylax |
|
Definition
| 2_ infections within 6 months or 3+ infectiosn within a year. 1/2 DS Bactrim q hs or 3x/week OR Nitrofurantoin 50-100 q hs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Nitrofurantoin up to 3rd trimester. Bactrim in 2nd trimester only, 2nd gen cephs are safe |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Retrovir NRTI. anemia, NVD, LFT inc |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Videx NRTI. pancreatitis, inc SCr |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ziagen NRTI. HYPERSENSITIVITY, NVD |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Abacavir/Lamivudine/Zidovudine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Emtricitabine/Tenofovir/Efavirenz |
|
Definition
| Atripla (2 NRTIs + 1 NNRTI) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Viramune (NNRTI)CYP3A4 Inducer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sustiva (NNRTI) CNS SE (dizziness, somnolence, insomnia, confusion) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Crixivan PI. Must drink >1.5L water daily to prevent kidney stones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fortovase PI take w high fat meal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Prezista PI, used later when resistance develops |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fuzeon (fusion inhibitor) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Isentress (Integrase inhibitor) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Selzentry (CCR5 antagonist) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| NVD, gynecomastia and METABOLIC:abnormal fat distribution, inc. cholesterol, insulin resistance |
|
|
Term
| HIV: P.Jiroveci Prophx and Tx |
|
Definition
Proph: when CD<200 1 Bactrim DS daily
Tx: 15-20 mg/kg/day Bactrim x 21 days |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tx: Ganciclovir OR valganciclovir OR cidofovir+ probenecid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| HIV: Toxoplasmosis Prophx and Tx |
|
Definition
Proph: when CD<100 1 Bactrim DS daily
Tx: Pyrimethamine + folinic acid + sulfadiazene |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Proph: when CD<50 1200mg azithromycin q weekly |
|
|
Term
| HIV: Cryptococcal meningitis Tx |
|
Definition
| Amphotericin B + flucytosine x 2 weeks, then fluconazole x 8-10 weeks |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Regimen must have zidovudine. Avoid: efavirenz, stavudine, amprenavir |
|
|
Term
| TB: Prophx for exposed pts |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Neuropathy:Vit B 6 deficiency, Inh CYP450 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Discolors bodily fluids to orange/red/strong inducer 3A4, 1A2, 2C19 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (PZA) inc Uric acid, hepatotoxic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inc Uric acid, Optic neuritis! don;t use in very young/old with visual problems. ONLY TB drug that's renally eliminated, all other through liver! |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Diflucan. Best bioavailability and CSF penetration, renal excretion (ALL others through liver!) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Vfend SE- vidual changes, photosensitivity) DOC for Aspergillus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| AZOLES MOA and side effects |
|
Definition
MOA : inh ergosterol synthesis
SE: LFT elevations, GI, endocrine (ketoconazole only) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cancidas, echinocandin (inh. beta glucan synthetase) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mycamine. Infuse slowly to avoid histamine reaction. can use in pts with bad kidneys/liver |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Nephrotoxic(but reversible, give NS bolus before and after)! Infusion site reactions (premed with hydrocortisonem meperidine and ibuprofen)HypoKalemia, hypoMagnesemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tygacil MRSA, strept, e. coli, klebsiella |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Vibativ. MRSA, teratogenic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cubicin. Staph, Strept, enterococcus. not for PNA |
|
|
Term
| HIV: Which agents to avoid in peripheral neuropathy? |
|
Definition
| didanosine, stavudine, zalcitabine |
|
|
Term
| Renal threshold for glucose |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sulfonylurea of choice in RF |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Glimepiride, Glipizide, Glyburide |
|
Definition
| Glimepiride -Amaryl,Glipizide- Glucotrol, Glyburide- Micronase. Sulfonylureas - enhance insulin secretion and sensitivity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Repaglinide-Prandin, Nateglinide-Starlix. Meglitanides - promote insulin secretion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Glyset alpha-glucosidase inh. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Byetta, Victoza. GLP-1 agonists, enhance insulin synthesis and secretion, decrease glucagon |
|
|
Term
| Sitagliptin, Saxagliptin, Linagliptin |
|
Definition
| Januvia, Onglyza, Trajenta. DPP-4 Inh --> inc GLP-1--> enhance insulin synthesis and secretion, decrease glucagon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Symlin. Amylin analog. suppresses glucagon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1) Helidac (Bismuth subsalicylate, metronidazole, tetracycline) + H2 antag OR PPI x 2 weeks
2)Amoxicillin + Clarithromycin + PPI
3)If PCN ALL: metronidazole + clarithrpmycin + PPI |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Nolvadex and Fareston. SERM start after chemo for 5 years in pts for at high risk for breast cancer reccurence. not beneficial in women >60 (high risk of complications) |
|
|
Term
| Anastrozole, letrozole, exemestane |
|
Definition
| Anastrozole (Arimidex), letrozole (Femara), exemestane (aromastin) - aromatase inhibitors- suppress estroge production. for postmenopausal women not responding to tamoxifen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Zoladex - stops estrogen production in premenopausal women with estrogen sensitive breast CA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Evista. SERM for post menopausal women in their 60s to prevent breast CA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
sx: discharge, frothy/foamy/yellow-green, fould smelling. vaginal itching, swelling,pain, strawberry spots on cervix
tx: metronidazole 2g po x 1 OR Tinidazole (tindamax) 2g po x 1 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
sx: mucopurulent discharge, painful urination, urinary frequency, PID
Tx: Azithromycin 1g po x 1 OR
Doxycycline 100mg po BID x 7 days |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
abnormal discharge, painful urination, frequency
tx: ceftriaxone 250 mg IM x 1 OR cefixime 400 po x 1 OR
cipro 500 po x 1 |
|
|
Term
| Syphilis (treponema pallidum) sx and tx |
|
Definition
primary: single painless ulcer - benzathine pen G 2.4MU IM x 1
secondary: widespread rash (palms and soles), enlarged lymph nodes- benz penG 2.4 MU IM q week x 3
Tertiary:cardiac, neurologic, opthalmic, and auditory complications. tx: aq crystalline penG 18-24MU/day in 6 div doses or cont. infusion x10-14days |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| adefovir, tenofovir, emtricitabine, entecavir |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Rheumatrex - 1st line therapy for RA, 7.5-20mg/week SE- rash, pruritits, thrombocytopenia, leuokopenia, liver/pulm fibrosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Arava. inhibits progression of structural damage in RA SE - NVD, alopecia, HTN, HA, inc LFTs |
|
|
Term
| RA: What agents to use for severe unresponsive cases? |
|
Definition
| Cyclophosphamide, cyclosporine (neoral/gengraf), azathioprine (Imuran) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Enbrel. TNF a and b inhibitor. injection. SE: infection! |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Remicade. TNFa inh used w methotrexate. injections. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Humira. TNFs inhibitor. SQ injection. SE: infections. NEED TB TEST PRIOR TO INITIATION |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Kineret. IL-1 antagonist. DO NOT COMBINE with TNF inh! |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Orencia. T-cell modulator for RA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Simponi. TNF-a inh. injection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cimzia. TNFa inh. for RA and Crohn's |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Actemra, Genentech. Used when TNF-a arent working. NOT to be combined with live vaccines. IF ANC<2000 or PLT<100, or elevetaed LFTs do not start! |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Rituxan. modulates B-cell activation. Used for ppl unresponsive to TNF-a inh. infused with steroids. SE: severe infusion reactions! |
|
|
Term
| Formula for adjusted calcium |
|
Definition
| Ca (corrected) = Ca (serum) + 0.8(4-albumin) |
|
|
Term
| Calories per mL in 10% and 20% lipids |
|
Definition
| 10% - 1.1kcal/mL 20% 2kcal/mL |
|
|
Term
| Max carbohydrates and fat/ day that liver can handle |
|
Definition
carbs - 4mg/kg/min or 7g/kg/day
lipids - 2.5 g/kg/day |
|
|
Term
| ? g protein for 1 g nitrate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how much insulin to add to TPN bag? |
|
Definition
| 1/2 previous day's sliding scale |
|
|
Term
| Formula for E (NaCl equivalent) |
|
Definition
E=[(58.5)(i)]/(MW x 1.8)
i=1, 1.8,2.6,3.4,4.2 (1= doesn't dissociate 1.8 dissociates into 2 etc) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (g/L)/MW x valence x 1,000 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ticarcillin/clavulanic acid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim |
|
Definition
| Bactrim/Spetra. 800 mg SMZ/160 mg TMP - DS 5:1 ratio =) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Zyvox. MAOI effect! avoid tyramine, things that inc serotonin, and stimulants (amphetamines, dextromethorphan, meperidine) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Macrobid, Macrodantin not for pts with renal impairment (<60ml/min) |
|
|
Term
| Surg Proph: CABG/vascular/hip/knee suregries |
|
Definition
| Cefazolin, cefuroxime, or Vanc |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Have to cover for anaerobes! cefotetan, cefoxitin, Unasyn, or ertapenem OR either cefuroxime or cefazolin with metronidazole. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cefotetan, cefoxitin,cefuroxime or cefazolin, or unasyn |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
amox 90mg/kg/day in BID or TID
amox/clav or 2nd gen cef
Pn allergy: macrolide/clinda or SMX/TMP
severe : 10d
mild-mod: 5-7 days |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| oxacillin/nafcillin +/- gent OR Vanc +/- gent if PEN allergy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
PenG +gent x 2 weeks OR
PenG x 4 weeks OR CefTRI x 4 weeks |
|
|
Term
| Tx: Endocarditis: Enterococcus |
|
Definition
PenG OR Ampicillin + Gent
If Gent resistant: Use Streptomycin instead
IF Pen resistant: Vanc + Gent
If Vanc resistant: Linezolid or Synergid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Doxycycline for most things! |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Empiric: 3rd gen Cef + Dexamethasone + vanc (If listeria susoected <1m >50 add ampicillin)
Pen allergy: Chlorphenocol + Vanc |
|
|
