Term
| What are the medications for hyperlipidemia? |
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Definition
| 1) HMG-CoA reductase Inhibitors (STATINS-Lipitor, Zocor) 2) Fibric Acid Derivatives (Lopid, Tricor) 3) Bile Acid Sequestrants (Questran, Welchol) 4) Nicotinic Acid (Niacin, VitB3) 5) Ezetimibe (Zetia) |
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Term
| What do Statins do? How do they work? |
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Definition
| Reduce LDL, raise HDL. They inhibit the enzyme HMG-coA reductase, in the liver that synthesizes cholesterol. |
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Term
| What are beneficial side effects of Statins? |
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Definition
| mild vasodilation, stabilization or atherosclerotic plaques, decreased risk of thrombotic events, systemic decrease of inflammation |
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Term
| At what time of day do we give Statins and why? |
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Definition
| At night, most cholesterol synthesis occurs at night. |
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Term
| What are the 2 ADRs of Statins? |
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Definition
| 1) Myopathy/rhabdomyolysis. Monitor for muscle pain and eval CK. May lead to renal tube damage. 2) Hepatotoxicity. Baseline LFT required before admin and Q6months |
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Term
| What do Fibric Acid Derivatives do? |
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Definition
| Inc HDL. Inc r/f gallstone. ADR=myopathy &hepatotoxicity. Contraindicated with warfarin, statins and bile acid seqs. |
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Term
| What do Bile Acid Sequestrants do? Where do they act? |
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Definition
| Eliminate bile, so live has to produce more, a process that requires cholesterol. Act only in GI so side effects include bloating, constipation & GI binding w/ other Rx |
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Term
| What does Nicotinic Acid do? |
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Definition
| Dec LDL & TG, Inc HDL. Causes intense FLUSHING. Hepatotoxic. |
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Term
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Definition
| Inhibits chol absorption. Can be used w/ other chol drugs. |
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Term
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Definition
| Diuretics, ACE inhib, ARBs, B blockers, Ca blockers, Vasodilators |
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Term
| What are Diuretics MOA on HTN? Which diuretics are used? |
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Definition
| reduces vol and promote vasodilation. Thiazide (Hydroclorothiazide) is most common. Loop (furosemide/Lasix) for greatest effect. K sparing (Spironolactone) aldosterone antagonist causing H20 & Na retention |
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Term
| What are some Ace Inhibs and their MOA? |
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Definition
| The "Prils." Reduce angiontesin II thus aldosterone stimulation resulting in vasodilation and dec blood vol. |
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Term
| Why would a person take an ACE inhib? |
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Definition
| HTN, heart fail, AMI, non/diabetic neuropathy, prevent MI & stroke mortality |
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Term
| What are Ace Inhib side effects? |
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Definition
| COUGH!!! 1st dose hypotension. Hyperkalemia. Proteinuria |
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Term
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Definition
| 2nd gen ACE inhib (Diovan). Does not cause cough and hyperkalemia |
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Term
| What is the Ca blocker MOA and use? |
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Definition
(Procardia, Cardizem) Vasodilate by preventing Ca to enter cells, thus blocking smooth muscle contraction in arteries/arterioles. Blocks SA/AV node firing, and blocks contractility.
USED for HTN, slows tachycardia or arrhythmias, angina |
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Term
| What are Ca blocker side effects? |
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Definition
| Orthostatic hypotension. Constipations. Vasodilation=facial flushing, ankle edema, HA. Bradycardia |
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Term
| B blockers (olols) action, use and side effect. |
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Definition
| vasodilate and lower HR. Treats HTN, angina related to CAD. Side effects are hypotension, dizziness, exercise intolerance, bronchospasm (DONT give to asthmatics) |
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Term
| Vasodilator (Hydralazine, Minipress, Nirpride) MAO, use and side effects. |
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Definition
| selectively dilates arterioles. Treats HTN, cardiac failure. Side effects are reflex tachycardia, inc contractility (prevent w/ b blocker), hypotension, reflex volume retention (prevent w/ diuretic), & SLE symptoms |
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Term
| Anti-HTN general side effects? |
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Definition
| Hypotension, fatigue, weakness, lethargy, sexual dysfunct, B blockers intensify asthma and slow heart rhythm, changes in K levels, reflex tachycardia, reduced CO |
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Term
| Other than drugs, what can you do for HTN? |
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Definition
| Improve diet, exercise, limit Na, avoid tobacco and better select your parents! |
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Term
| What are the "other" anto-HTN Rx's? |
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Definition
| Clonidine-centrally acting sympathetic inhib * Proazosin hydrochloride (minipress)-alpha blocking agents that dilate both veins and arteries |
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