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Definition
| These glands produce a protective lipid substance, sebum, which is secreted through the hair follicles. Sebum oils and lubricates the skin and hair and forms an emulsion with water that retards water loss from the skin. (Dry skin results from loss of water, not directly from loss of oil.) Sebaceous glands are everywhere except on the palms and soles. They are most abundant on the scalp, forehead, face, and chin. |
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| Coiled tubules that open directly onto the skin surface and produce a dilute saline solution called sweat. The evaporation of sweat reduces body temperature. These glands are widely distributed through the body and are mature in the 2-month-old infant. |
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| Produce a thick, milky secretion and open into the hair follicles. They are located mainly in the axillae, anogenital area, nipples, and navel and are vestigial in humans. They become active during puberty, and secretion occurs with emotional and sexual stimulation. Bacterial flora residing on the skin surface react with apocrine sweat to produce characteristic musky body odor. The functioning of apocrine glands decreases in the aging adult. |
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Definition
Protection
Prevents penetration
Perception
Temperature regulation
Identification
CommunicationWound repair
Absorption and excretion
Production of vitamin D |
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Definition
| pigment in midline of the abdomen due to hormone levels |
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Definition
| pigmentation in the face from hormone levels (pregnancy mask) |
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| Connective tissue develops increased fragility, which may develop in the abdomen, breasts, or thighs. |
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Definition
| The vascularity of the skin diminishes, while the vascular fragility increases; a minor trauma may produce dark red discolored areas (senile purpura.) |
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Definition
| Also known as a “salmon patch” is a flat, irregularly shaped red or pink patch found on the forehead, eyelid, or upper lip, but most commonly at the back of the neck. It’s present at birth and usually fades during first year. |
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Definition
| Present at birth is thick, cheesy substance make up of sebum and shed epithelial cells. |
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| papules, pustules, and nodules |
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Definition
| ...or circular, begins in the center and spreads to prephery, e.g., tinea corporis or ringworm, tinea versicolor, pityriasis rosea. |
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Definition
| distinct, individual lesions that remain separate, e.g., molluscum. |
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Definition
| lesions run together, e.g., urticaria (hives) |
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| ...or iris, resembles iris of eye, concentric rings of color in the lesions (Erythema multiforme). |
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Definition
| a scratch, streak, line, or stripe |
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Definition
| twisted, coiled, spiral, snakelike |
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Definition
| linear arrangement along a nerve route, (herpes roster). |
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Definition
| Macules that are larger than 1 cm, (Mongolian spot, vitiligo, café au lait spot, measles rash). P.252 |
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Definition
| Hives. Wheals coalesce to form extensive reaction, intensely pruritic. |
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| Encapsulated fluid-filled cavity in dermis or subcutaneous layer, tensely elevating skin. (Sebaceous cyst, wen). |
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Definition
| Self-inflicted abrasion; superficial; sometimes crusted; scratches from intense itching. (Insect bites, scabies, dermatitis, varicella.) |
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Definition
| Prolonged intense scratching eventually thickens skin and produces tightly packed sets of papules; looks like surface of moss. |
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Definition
Due to a benign proliferation of blood vessels in the dermis. See page 256 for more details on all 3 types:
Port-wine stain: large, flat macular patch.
Strawberry mark (immature hemangioma): a raised bright red area with well-defined borders.
Cavernous hemangioma: A reddish-blue, irregularly shaped, solid and spongy mass of blood vessels. |
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Term
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Definition
| Due to vascular dilatation; permanently enlarged and dilated blood vessels that are visible on the skin surface. See 256-7 for more details on the 2 types: |
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Definition
| Tiny punctate hemorrhages. Round and discrete, dark red, purple, or brown in color. Cue to bleeding from superficial capillaries. See more detail on p.257. |
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Definition
| A bruise you can feel. It elevates the skin and is seen as swelling. (Multiple petechiae or purpura may occur on the face when vigorous crying or coughing raises venous pressure.) |
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