Term
| Thickening/Hardening of wall |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Occlusion or Rupture of a artery |
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Definition
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Term
| Risk fxs for Arteriosclerosis |
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Definition
| Untreated HTN, genetics, high LDL cholesterol, smoking, stress, age, hyperglycemia |
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Term
| +2 in radial and +1 in brachial is |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| diminished pulses, bruit, delayed capillary refill, tone of color change, dark circles, |
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Term
| What is the normal capillary refill |
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Definition
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Term
Normals for
Total Cholesterol
LDL
HDL |
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Definition
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Term
| For Arteriosclerosis - What is the first thing you would do? |
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Definition
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Term
| #1 chronic disease that results Heart Disease related to untreated HTN, diabetes, poor diet, lack of exercise |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
less than 30 % fat
Saturated less than 10%
less than 300 mg cholestorol daily |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
less than 7 % saturated fat
equal or less than 200 mg daily cholesterol |
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Term
| How does smoking affect cholesterol |
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Definition
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Term
| How can you exercise decrease cholesterol |
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Definition
| 30 minutes a day 3 to 4 times per week |
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Term
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Definition
| Cardiac Output x peripheral resistance and hormonal control, SNS |
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Term
| Heart Rate x Stroke Volume |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the body's control mechanisms of high b/p |
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Definition
Arteroil Baroreceptor System
Regulation of Fluid Volume
Renin Angiotensin System
Vascular Autoregulation |
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Term
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Definition
| above 200/130 - out of control |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| high b/p as a result of renal failure or dysfunction of adrenal medula or adrenal cortex |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| light headedness, headaches, |
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Term
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Definition
| Retinal - eye damage, kidney damage, |
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Term
| In diagnosing Htn what all should be done |
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Definition
| several readings under different circumstances, teach check b/p at home, check peripheral pulses, rule out secondary due to medications |
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Term
| Nursing Diagnosis for HTN |
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Definition
Knowledge deficient r/t unfamiliar info
Risk for Ineffective Therapy |
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Term
| Knowledge Deficient for htn r/t unfamiliar info |
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Definition
| lifestyle alterations, low sodium diet to reduce fluid, no canned/processed foodds, reduce wt, moderation of alcohol intake, exercise, relaxation therapy, avoid tobacco & caffeine |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
diuretics
calcium channel blockers |
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Term
| What drugs are calcium channel blockers |
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Definition
| ACE Inhibitors, ARB, Beta adrenergic blockers, central alpha agonists |
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Term
Diuretics for HTN
Thiazide |
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Definition
| most frequent - increase excretion of water, sodium, potassium. works at convoluted tubule |
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Term
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Definition
diuretic - uses htn and edema
Side Effects are Hypokalemia and increased uric acid - don't use with diabeties and gout. Take in morning can make you feel light headed so rise slowly |
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Term
Loop Diuretics
works how
side effects |
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Definition
Lasix and Bumex
increases amount of fluid loss.
hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, tinitis, rash, photosensitivity |
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Term
| What drug interacts with loop diuretics |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the patient eductions for loop diuretics |
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Definition
| increase potassium foods, limit sun, daily weights, I and Os |
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Term
How do Calcium Channel Blockers work
Conditions they are prescribed? |
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Definition
counteracts arrhythmias by blocking of Calcium access to the cells of the heart
Angina and htn |
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Term
| What affects to Calcium Channel Blockers have on heart? |
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Definition
decrease contracity
decrease contactility/excitablity
decrease oxygen needs |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Propinolol, Inderal, Tenormin are
Effects on the heart |
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Definition
Beta Blockers
decrease heart rate, force of contraction and rate of conduction |
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Term
| How do beta blockers work? |
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Definition
| combats arrhythmias by inhibiting adrenergic (SNS) receptors |
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Term
| Side Effect of Beta Blockers that would cause to quit taking |
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Definition
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Term
| PAD - Peripheral Arterial Disfunction |
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Definition
| Disorders that alter the natural flow of blood through the arteries and veins of peripheral circulation |
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Term
| PAD causes an increased risk of |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the symptoms that come in each stage of PAD |
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Definition
1. No sign
2. Intermittent Claudification
3. Pain at Rest
4 Hair Loss and dry scaly mottled skin with thickened toenails
5. Muscle Atrophy |
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Term
| Intermittent Claudification |
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Definition
| walk then pain from hypoxia. Rest Pain goes away. KEY - it is reproducable |
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Term
| Occur in lower legs around ankles b/c of debris in tissues |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Arterial problems what do you do? |
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Definition
| Do not elevate, no caffiene or nicotene, keep extremities warm (no direct heat), socks and shoes to prevent injuries, avoid emotional stress, drg therapy |
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Term
| Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty |
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Definition
| Balloon Catheter with Stint Insertion |
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Term
| Drug that promotes circulation |
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Definition
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Term
| Drugs that prevents blood/platelets from sticking together |
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Definition
| Plavix, Aspirin = Anti coagulants |
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Term
Procedure to clear blockages
2. remove a clot or remove plaque formation |
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Definition
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Term
| What do you do for compartment sydrome |
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Definition
| loosin clothing and elevate to heart level |
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Term
| What is most common cause of occlusion |
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Definition
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Term
| Acute Peripheral Arterial Occlusion s/s |
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Definition
| sudden dramatic onset of severe pain, extremity is cold |
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Term
| The 5 Ps of Neurovascular Assessment |
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Definition
Pain - Both
Pallor - Vascular
Pulselessness - Vascular
Peresethia - Neuro
Paralysis - Neuro |
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Term
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Definition
Abdominal Aortic Aneuryism
100% fatal if outside hospital |
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Term
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Definition
| Monitor for Pain, if there is a change = may need to repaired if leaking. |
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Term
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Definition
| Uncommon, problems with small and medium arteriols and veins, results from escemia. Increased in young men who smoke |
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Term
| Smoking inflammes the vessels causing |
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Definition
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Term
| clears blockages - may or may not put in a stint |
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Definition
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Term
| Remove clot or removal of plaque formation |
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Definition
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Term
| What do you do for Compartment Sydrome |
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Definition
| Loosen clothing and elevate to heart level |
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Term
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Definition
| Hemorrhage, Thrombosis, Embolus, Death |
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Term
| Segmental Systolic Blood Pressure Measurements |
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Definition
| Measurements of b/p in thigh, calf, and ankles |
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Term
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Definition
| divide ankle blood pressure by brachial blood pressure < 0.9 indicates arterial disease |
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Term
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Definition
| provides graphs and tracings of arterial blood flow in limb |
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Term
| How do you naturally promote vasodilation? |
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Definition
| keep extremity warm, avoid exposure to cold, wear socks, drink adequate fluids, avoid emotional stress caffeine and nicotine |
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Term
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Definition
| increase flexibity of RBC, inhibits platelet aggregation |
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Term
| Post procedure care of Angioplasty |
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Definition
observe for bleeding at puncture site
monitor distal, v/s, client on bedrest for limbs straight for 6 to 12 hours unless collagen plugs are used to seal vessel, anticoagulants used during and after, antiplatelet for 1 to 3 mo or aspirin on permanent basis |
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Term
| Arterial Revascularization |
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Definition
| bypass from aorta to iliac or femoral arter (abdominal incision) or from axillary to femoral artery (no body cavity incision) |
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Term
| Arterial Revascularization Interventions |
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Definition
assess graft occlusion - monitor extremity every 15 minutes for 1st hour then hourly for
Coughing Deep breathing, incentive, NPO 1day then clear liquids, Sterile Dressing, observe induration, erythema, tenderness, warmth, edema, drainage, fever |
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Term
Acute Peripheral Arterial Occlusion
S/S |
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Definition
| Sudden dramatic severe pain, extremity is extremely cold Assess the 6 P's |
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Term
| Interventions for Acute Peripheral Arterial Occlusion |
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Definition
| Prompt Treatment, Anticoagulant Therapy, Surgical Thrombectomy or embolectomy to remove occlusion |
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Term
| Postop for Acute Peripheral Arterial Occlusion |
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Definition
| Monitor for improved color, temperature, pulse and reduce pain |
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Term
| Aneurysms of Central Arteries occur |
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Definition
| at points in larger arteries where there is no support from skeletal muscle - Most common area are abdominal Aortic Aneurysms - 75% and Thoracic- 25% |
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Term
|
Definition
| hypotention, diaphoresis, mental obtundation, oliguria, dysrhythmias, abdominal distention |
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Term
| Interventions for Buerger's Disease |
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Definition
| No smoking, no cold, promote vassodilation |
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Term
|
Definition
neuropathy - numbness with pain,
Extreme sensitivity seaseto cold |
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Term
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Definition
| caused by vasospasms of arterioles and arteris of upper and lower extremities can be associated with connective tissue disease and smoking. Tx = drug therapy to aid in vassospasms, minimize cold exposure, warm clothes |
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Term
|
Definition
| Deep Vein Throbosis - Thrombus - blood clot developing most often in legs - associated with stasis of blood flow, endothelial injury and hypercoagulability - Virchow' |
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Term
| Interventions for Buerger's Disease |
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Definition
| No smoking, no cold, promote vassodilation |
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