Term
| How many mycoses are there? How many cause problems? |
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Definition
| 50,000; about 200, only 12-15 significant |
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Term
| What are the two growth forms of fungi and their growth temperatures? |
|
Definition
| Yeast (37 C), Mold (20 C) |
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Term
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Definition
| The unicellular growth form of fungi |
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Term
| What are the 3 types of yeast reproduction? |
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Definition
| nuclear fission; budding (forms blastocondida); and germ tube (forms pseudohyphae) |
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Term
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Definition
| A multicellular growth form of fungi |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two types of mold hyphae? |
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Definition
| Vegetative (into log) and aerial (spores released) |
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Term
| What does dimorphic mean? |
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Definition
| A fungi that grows as either a mold or a yeast depending on environment temperature |
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|
Term
| What does dimorphic mean? |
|
Definition
| A fungi that grows as either a mold or a yeast depending on environment temperature |
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Term
| T/F all fungi have capsules |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Fungi capsule is made up of? |
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Definition
| polysachharides - virulence factor |
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|
Term
| What is fungal cell wall made of? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the function of chitin? |
|
Definition
| To resist osmotic changes |
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Term
| Medical importance of chitin cell wall (4)? |
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Definition
| Mediates attachement, promotes colonization/invasion, is a potent antigen, mammals lack enzymes to degrade it! |
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|
Term
| Unique feature of fungal plasma membrane? |
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Definition
| Ergosterol instead of chol - target for antibiotics |
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|
Term
| Name 5 components of fungal cell structure |
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Definition
| Capsule, plasma membrane, mitochondria, nuclear envelope, and nucleus |
|
|
Term
| T/F fungus, not bacteria have a nuclear envelope |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F the fungal nuclear envelope persists during division? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| The apical polar mold outgrowth |
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|
Term
| What is the main nutrient source for fungi? |
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Definition
| Organic (carbon) compounds |
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Term
|
Definition
| A fungi that feeds on dead materials |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| A fungi that feeds on living materials |
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|
Term
| T/F Fungi are both parasitic and saprophytic? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| How to fungi get nutrients into cells? |
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Definition
| Fungi secrete enzymes that break down material into simple sugars and amino acids that are taken up into the cell through pores |
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Term
| Describe the growth of a mold |
|
Definition
| hyphal growth at one end that uses both chitin synthetases and chitinase in balance |
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|
Term
| T/F Fungi cell walls are flexble |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| polar growth, usually by budding or fission |
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|
Term
| A fungal allergy is a reaction to...? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F Humans are rarely exposed to fungal spores? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F fungal growth is required to have a hypersensitivity reaction to spore |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two types of toxins made by Amanita? |
|
Definition
| amatoxins and phallotoxins |
|
|
Term
| What is the most deadly amatoxin and what does it target? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the mechanism of the alpha-amantin toxin? |
|
Definition
| binds to RNA pol II and inhibits mRNA synthesis |
|
|
Term
| T/F heating alpah-amantin does not affect toxicity |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the name and target of the Aspergillus flavus toxin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the mechanism of aflatoxins? |
|
Definition
| secretes potential carcinogens that bind DNA, prevent pairing |
|
|
Term
| Where are aflatoxins commonly found and what is a host besides humans? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Where do superficial mycoses colonize? |
|
Definition
| On NON-living tissue like outermost skin layer and hair |
|
|
Term
| T/F superficial mycoses induce a cellular immune response? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name 4 common superficial fungi |
|
Definition
| pityriasis versicolor, tinea negra, black and white piedra |
|
|
Term
| What does Malessezia furfur cause? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the presentation of pityriasis versicolor |
|
Definition
| hyper/hypo pigmented macular (small) lesions in areas rich in sebaceous glands |
|
|
Term
| What does Hortaea werneckii cause? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the presentation of tinea negra? |
|
Definition
| Brown/Black spots on palms and soles |
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|
Term
| Why are tinea negra macular lesions brown/black |
|
Definition
| because it produces melanin |
|
|
Term
| What is the presentation of black piedra? |
|
Definition
| black, rough feeling fungus on Hair Shaft |
|
|
Term
| What is the presentation of white piedra |
|
Definition
| Soft, white fungus on hair shaft |
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|
Term
| Cutaneous mycoses caused by... and act primarily on (3) |
|
Definition
| dermatophytes, keratinized layers (skin, nails, hair) |
|
|
Term
| Three resevoirs for dermatophytes? |
|
Definition
| Geophilic, Zoophilic, anthrophilic |
|
|
Term
| What is the primary cause of damage from dermatophytes? |
|
Definition
| Inflammation of dermis, epidermis, and hair follicles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F Dermatophytes are the least important group of mycoses |
|
Definition
| False - they are highly prevalent |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 genera of dermatophytes? |
|
Definition
| EMT - epidermophyton, microsporum, trichophyton |
|
|
Term
| Which dermatophyte genera have human to human transmission? |
|
Definition
| EMT - epidermophyton, microsporum, trichophyton |
|
|
Term
| Which dermatophyte genera have human-human and animal-human transmission? |
|
Definition
| MT - microsporum, trichophyton |
|
|
Term
| Which dermatophyte genera have soil-human transmission? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which tinea is common in elderly and can take 3 months to cure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which tinea is transmitted from pets (dogs) and invades hair follicles? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Individual differences in the presentation of tinea depends on? |
|
Definition
| Immune response of the host |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Site of hair loss in tinea capitis |
|
|
Term
| How is a fungal disease diagnosed? |
|
Definition
| Scrape ACTIVE border of growth, treat with KOH, stain and visualize on microscope |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Kills everything but the fungus |
|
|
Term
| What are the sources of subcutaneous mycoses? |
|
Definition
| soil or decaying vegetation |
|
|
Term
| What is required for a subcutaneous fungal infection? What forms |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are potential sites of subcutaneous fungal infection? |
|
Definition
| deeper layer of dermis, muscle, and bone (can even get into lymph) |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 primary subcutaneous fungal infections? |
|
Definition
| Sporthrix schenkii, chromoblastomycosis, and subcutaneous zygomycosis |
|
|
Term
| What is an alternative name for Sporthrix Schenkii? |
|
Definition
| lymphocutaneous sporatrichosis |
|
|
Term
| Why is sporothrichosis also called the rose gardners disease? |
|
Definition
| Because the fungi is commonly found on thorns and splinters |
|
|
Term
| T/F Sporothrix Schenkii is a mold |
|
Definition
| False - it is dimorphic, the yeast is what colonizes body |
|
|
Term
| Presentation of sporotrichosis? |
|
Definition
| ulcerative nodule forms at trauma and heals, more nodules/ulcers form along lymph within two weeks |
|
|
Term
| Treatment for sporotrichosis? |
|
Definition
| potassium iodide - POT roses |
|
|
Term
| What is the presentation of chromoblastomycosis? |
|
Definition
| warty - cauliflower-like nodules appear on the surface of skin 1 month - 20 yrs after innoculation |
|
|
Term
| T/F Chromoblastomycosis is common in the USA? |
|
Definition
| False - common in tropical areas |
|
|
Term
| Resevoir of chromoblastomycosis? |
|
Definition
| Soil - you get it if you lack protective footwear |
|
|
Term
| Presentation of subcutaneous zygomycosis? |
|
Definition
| rubbery movable masses localized to shoulder, pelvis, hip, and thighs |
|
|
Term
| Resevoir of subcutaneous zygomycosis? Implantation? |
|
Definition
| traumatic implantation of fungus from plant debris |
|
|
Term
| T/F Subcutaneous zygomycosis is common in tropical areas? |
|
Definition
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