Term
| What are some organisms responsible for otitis externa |
|
Definition
pseudomonas aeruginosa
staph aureus
fungi
-aspergillus
-candida |
|
|
Term
| What are some txs for otitis externa? |
|
Definition
containing aminoglycoside, additional Ab adn anti-inflammatory corticosteroid
(neomycin sulfate, polymyxin B sulfate, and hydrocortisone)
Flluoroquinolone
(floxin otic (ofloxacin), ciprofloxin otic)
fungal
cleanse, acidifying otic drops (VoSol) |
|
|
Term
| How can otitis externa be prevented? |
|
Definition
-acidifying drops after exposure to H2O
(OH-/vinegar mix: 50% rubbing OH-, 25% white vinegar, 25% distilled H2O)
-ear plugs while swimming
-no soap to clean ears |
|
|
Term
malignant otitis externa:
Of what is it a result?
In whom is it common?
It involves an extension of external otitis into where? |
|
Definition
-result of persistent otitis externa
-common in diabetics and immunocompromised pts
-extension of external otitis into mastoid or temporal bone |
|
|
Term
| What organism is responsible for malignant otitis externa? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some symptoms of malignant otitis externa? |
|
Definition
headache out of proportion to clinical findings
deep pain
persistent foul discharge |
|
|
Term
| What are some physical findings of malignant otitis externa? |
|
Definition
granulations in ear canal
progressive cranial nerve palsies |
|
|
Term
| What is a test for malignant otitis externa? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some tx options for malignant otitis externa? |
|
Definition
surgical debridement
fluoroquinolones
IV tx may be required |
|
|
Term
Age, prematurity, allergies, craniofacial abnormalities,
GERD, genetic predisposition, M>F, URI, season, daycare attendance, passive smoke, family size, bottle feeding, socioeconomic level, and pacifier use
are all risk factors for what condition? |
|
Definition
| risk factors for otitis media |
|
|
Term
Tugging/pulling @ ears (feeling of fullness)
hearing difficulties
loss of balance
delayed speech (in children)
are all symptoms of what condition? |
|
Definition
| symptoms of serous otitis media |
|
|
Term
| What condition involves a collection of fluid in md ear from blocked eustachian tube? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Dull TM
hypomobile on pneumatic otoscopy
air bubbles
conductive hearing loss
physical findings of what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are tx options of serous otitis media? |
|
Definition
Controversial
AAP recommendations:
-watchful waiting
-referral to otolaryngologist
-surgery: tympanostomy tubes
-antimicrobial therapy
AAP does not reccomend antihistamines, decongestants, antimicrobials, or corticosteroids |
|
|
Term
| What condition involves inflammation of the middle ear, most commonly as a complication of URI? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are responsible organisms for acute otitis media? |
|
Definition
strep pneumoniae
Haemophilius influenzae
moraxella catarrhalis
strep pyogenes |
|
|
Term
Irritability
pulling on ear or hair
fever
are s/s of what condition? |
|
Definition
| s/s acute otitis media in infants |
|
|
Term
Otalgia
pressure
decreased hearing
headache
lethargy
fever
are s/s of what condition? |
|
Definition
| s/s older children and adults acute otitis media |
|
|
Term
Erythema of TM,
Bulging TM,
Decreased visibility of landmarks, and
Hypomobile TM,
are all physical exam findings of what condition? |
|
Definition
| acute otitis media physical exam findings |
|
|
Term
| What are some tx options of acute otitis media? |
|
Definition
pain control
-acetaminophen, ibuprofen
PO antibiotics
-amoxicillin
-augmentin (amoxicillin-clavulanate)
-allergic azithromycin or clarithromycin |
|
|
Term
| When is acute otitis media considered recurrent? |
|
Definition
| 3 episodes of Acute Otitis Media within 6 mos or 4 or more episodes w/in a year |
|
|
Term
| What are 4 complications of acute otitis media? |
|
Definition
serous otitis media
chronic otitis media
mastoiditis
perf TM |
|
|
Term
| How can acute otitis media be prevented? |
|
Definition
prevention:
-alter attendance at day care centers
-breastfeeding for at least 6 mos
-avoid supine bottle feeding
-reduce/eliminate use of pacifier after 6 mos of age
-eliminate exposure to tobacco smoke |
|
|
Term
| What are some responsible organisms for chronic otitis media? |
|
Definition
pseudomonas aeruginosa
proteus sp.
staphylococcus aureus
mixed anaerobes |
|
|
Term
| Under what conditions is otitis media considered chronic? |
|
Definition
chronic inflammation of middle ear
persists at least 6 weeks
otorrhea *hallmark sign |
|
|
Term
| Purulent drainage with little to no pain ares/s of what condition? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Dull TM
erythema
perf w/drainage
conductive hearing loss are
physical findings of what condition? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some tx options for chronic otitis media? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some complications of chronic otitis media? |
|
Definition
mastoiditis
cholesteatoma
epidural abscess
hearing loss |
|
|
Term
| What develops when md ear inflammation spreads to mastoid air cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In what does mastoiditis result? |
|
Definition
| results in infection and destruction of mastoid bone |
|
|
Term
| What age group is mainly affected by mastoiditis? |
|
Definition
| mainly affects young children |
|
|
Term
| What age group is mainly affected by mastoiditis? |
|
Definition
| mainly affects young children |
|
|
Term
The following s/s are indicative of what condition?
otalgia and pain behind ear
fever |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Bulging, red TM
eryghema, tenderness, edema over mastoid area
psotauricular fluctuance
protrusion of auricle and
are physical findings of what condition? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CBC s/ differential may show leukocytosis in what condition? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Elevated ESR, myringotomy with fluid that should be sent for culture, x-rays that show coalescence of mastoid cells, and CT adn/or MRI becoming used more frequently in what condition? |
|
Definition
| mastoiditis tests/studies |
|
|
Term
| What are some tx options for mastoiditis? |
|
Definition
iv antibiotics
myringotomy
mastoidectomy |
|
|
Term
| Inability to equalize pressure on middle ear indicates what condition? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are 3 causes of barotrauma? |
|
Definition
| diving, air travel, hyperbaric oxygen chambers |
|
|
Term
| What is a superficial infection of external auditory canal? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are common initiating events of otitis externa? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The following s/s indicate what condition?
progressive ear pain
-mild to severe
itching
purulent dischage
hearing loss
feeling of fullness or pressure
occasional fever |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The following physical findings indicate what condition?
pain upon palpation of tragus or when applying gentle traction to pinna
conductive hearing loss
edema and erythema of external canal
purulent discharge
scaling |
|
Definition
| otitis externa physical findings |
|
|
Term
The following s/s are indicative of what condition?
clogging of the ear
ear pain/discomfort
hearing loss
dizziness
tinnitus
hemorrhage from ear |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The following physical findings are indicative of what condition?
retracted TM
erythema and injected TM
hemotympanum |
|
Definition
| barotrauma physical findings |
|
|
Term
| What is a complication of barotrauma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How can barotrauma be prevented/tx? |
|
Definition
swallow, yawn, chew gum during descent
PO decongestants prior to flight
for persistent- myringotomy
AVOID DIVING WHEN HAVE URI OR EXACERBATION OF ALLERGIES |
|
|
