Term
| what are the MC bacteria that cause acute hematogenous osteomyelitis in children? (3) |
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Definition
| Staph, H influ, and hemolytic streptococci |
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Term
| In acute hematogenous osteomyelitis, the epiphyseal plate serves as a barrier w/i bone so the infection seldom extends into adjacent joint, except what joint? |
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Definition
| Hip joint - the metaphysis is intracapsular (septic arthritis is often associated w/ osteomyelitis of proximal femur) |
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Term
| What are the MC bones to be affected by acute hematogenous osteomyelitis in peds pts? |
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Definition
| Long bones - distal femur and proximal tibia |
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Term
| A pt presenting with acute hematogenous osteomyelitis is likely to have a history of what injury? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the s/sx of acute hematogenous osteomyelitis? (6) |
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Definition
| Tenderness, localized pain, decreased activity, malaise, fever, and rapid pulse rate |
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Term
| What is the standard diagnostic test for acute hematogenous osteomyelitis? |
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Definition
| Needle or open bx for culture and histology |
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Term
| what are the expected lab findings for acute hematogenous osteomyelitis? |
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Definition
| Elevated WBC w/ left shift, ESR, and CRP |
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Term
| What is the tx for acute hematogenous osteomyelitis? |
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Definition
| Empiric abx X 6 wks (open drainage surgery if response to abx not rapid enough |
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Term
| what causes chronic asteomyelitis? |
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Definition
| Acute osteomyelitis that is untreated or treatment failure |
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Term
| What is the treatment for chronic osteomyelitis? |
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Definition
| Surgery (open drainage, simple sequestrectomy, amputation, or debridement and reconstruction) |
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Term
| Which surgery for chronic osteomyelitis is most likely to eradicate the infection and maintain function? |
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Definition
| Debridement and reconstruction |
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Term
| What are the 2 ways that bacteria can enter a joint to cause septic arthritis? |
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Definition
| Hematogenous spread and direct inoculation |
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Term
| What is the MC joint affected by septic arthritis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the s/sx of septic arthritis? |
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Definition
| Swelling, pain, warmth, and limitation of joint movement |
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Term
| What is essential for dx of septic arthritis? |
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Definition
| Arthrocentesis and culture of joint fluid |
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Term
| What is the tx for septic arthritis? |
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Definition
| Abx X 6 wks (switch to po once s/sx resolve) |
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Term
| When is it necessary to do a prompt open surgical drainage for septic arthritis? |
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Definition
| Thick, purulent drainage, Staph aureus, or hip involved |
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Term
| Inflammation or degeneration of a bursa due to infection. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the top 2 MC bacteria that cause septic bursitis? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the common clinical manifestation of a pt with septic bursitis. |
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Definition
| Pain, peribursal erythema, warmth, and often fever |
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Term
| What 3 conditions are often present in a pt w/ septic bursitis? |
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Definition
| DM, alcoholism, or immunosuppression |
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Term
| What are 3 common sites for septic bursitis? |
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Definition
| Olecranon, prepatellar, and infrapatellar bursa |
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Term
| What is the tx for septic bursitis? |
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Definition
| Abx + drainage of infected bursal fluid |
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Term
| What abx is first line for septic bursitis? If MRSA is present? |
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Definition
| Dicloxacillin. Clindamycon or Bactrim. |
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Term
| What are preventative measures for septic bursitis? |
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Definition
| Knee or elbow pads, or change occupation or leisure activity |
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Term
| What condition develops when the blood supply is cut off to the affected body part as a result of various processes, such as infection, vascular disease, or trauma? |
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Definition
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Term
| What causes dry gangrene? |
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Definition
| Reductiion of blood flow through the arteries, which appears gradually and progresses slowly. |
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Term
| What causes wet gangrene? |
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Definition
| It is a complication of an untreated wound, swelling causes a sudden stoppage of blood flow |
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Term
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Definition
| A type of wet gangrene caused by anaerobic bacyeria Clostridia |
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Term
| Describe the clinical presentation of dry gangrene. |
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Definition
| Becomes cold and numb (does not hurt) and black and shriveled |
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Term
| Describe the clinical presenation of wet gangrene. |
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Definition
| Becones swollen and decays, foul smelling, oozing, and black. Extremely painful and fever. |
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Term
| What additional finding is present in gas gangrene? |
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Definition
| When the affected area is pressed it produces a crackling sound d/t gas produced |
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Term
| What are the primary txs for gangrene? |
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Definition
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