Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Mechanical stress at articular cartilage causes the subchondral bone to be exposted |
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Term
| What are osteophytes, and how are they involved in osteoarthritis? |
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Definition
- Bone spurs
- Makes mobility around joint difficult |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| (T/F) The inflammation is localized, and enters the articular space |
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Definition
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Term
| (T/F) The joint is narrowed in osteoarthritis |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 4 signs of osteoarthritis? |
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Definition
- pain
- limited mobility
- Heberden’s nodes OR Bouchard’s nodes
- crepitus |
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Term
| Where do Heberden's nodes occur? |
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Definition
| At the distal joints of fingers (distal phalanx) |
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Term
| Where do Bouchard's nodes occur? |
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Definition
| At the proximal joints of fingers (proximal phalanx) |
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Term
| Regardless of the location of the node, what does the node manifest as? |
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Definition
| Swelling around the specific joint |
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Term
| List the treatments for Osteroarthritis |
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Definition
rest
glucocorticoids
analgesics/NSAIDs
joint replacement |
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Term
| What causes rickets/osteomalacia? |
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Definition
insufficient bone mineralization
Vitamin D deficiency |
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Term
| What can cause a Vit D deficiency? |
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Definition
- Kidneys not activating vitd
- GI not absorbing calcium therefore vit d not absorbed with |
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Term
| (T/F) Rickets occurs in adults |
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Definition
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Term
| (T/F) Osteomalacia occurs in adults |
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Definition
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Term
| What often causes it in adults? |
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Definition
o malabsorption
o renal disease |
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Term
| What is seen with rickets/osteomalacia? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A decrease in bone mass or density |
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Term
| (T/F) Men are more affected than women |
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Definition
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Term
| List 2 types/causes of primary osetoperosis? |
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Definition
- Post-menopausal
- Senile |
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Term
| List the the two causes of secondary osteoperosis |
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Definition
- Cushing's
- Malabsorption |
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Term
| What is cushings disease, and how does it cause osteoperosis? |
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Definition
| Hyper-cortisol secretion therefore increased signals for degeneration of the bone matrix by cortisol |
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Term
| (T/F) Only the matrix is affected by osteoperosis |
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Definition
| False, both mineralization and matrix are affected |
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Term
| List the risk factors for osteoperosis |
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Definition
age
postmenopausal women
decreased mobility
diet
vitamin D, calcium, protein deficiency
smoking
caffeine
drugs
glucocorticoids, antacids, chemotherapy |
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Term
| What are the symptoms of osteoporosis? |
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Definition
- Cancellous (spongy) bone lost faster than cortical bone
- Compression fractures
- Kyphosis |
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Term
| Where are the compression fractures common seen? |
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Definition
- Vertebrae
- Femoral neck |
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Term
| List the treatments for Osteoperosis |
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Definition
dietary supplementation
bisphosphonates
exercise
estrogen replacement therapy
calcitonin
strontium ranelate |
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Term
| What two thing sare used in dietary supplementation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of bisphosphates? |
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Definition
| Prevents osteoclast resorption |
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Term
| What are SERMs? What role do they play in estrogen replacement therapy? |
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Definition
- Estrogen receptor modulators
- Mimic the useful affects of estrogen |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What does strontium ranelate do? |
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Definition
| Increases OPG therefore inhibiting bone resorption |
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