Term
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Definition
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Definition
| Active force of a muscle (contraction) |
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Definition
| force of object to be moved |
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Definition
| Tension must over come resistance |
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Term
| Muscle can only _________ (tension) not _______ (compression) |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
| Skeletal Muscle is for ___________ |
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Definition
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| Skeletal muscle is attached to |
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Definition
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Term
| Skeletal Muscle Functions |
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Definition
*Produce Movement of skeleton
*Maintain body posture
*support soft tissue
*Guard entrances and exits (sphincter muscles)
*Maintain Body Temperature |
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Term
| Skeleton Attached to Muscle by _______ |
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Definition
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Term
| Skeletal Muscle Connective Tissue |
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Definition
*Epimysium
*Perimysium
*Endomysium |
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Term
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Definition
| *Separates muscle from other tissues/organs |
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Definition
*Muscle fibers called fascicle (bundles)
*divided into compartments
*where blood vessels are |
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Definition
*Divides fascicle into individual muscle fibers
*arterioles around each fiber
*ties adjacent fibers together |
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Definition
| embryonic cells that did not become muscle cells but can become muscle cells to repair damage |
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Term
| Connective tissues join to become _________ (bundles) or _________ (sheet)to attach to bone |
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Definition
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Term
| Skeletal Muscle Muscle Fiber |
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Definition
*Multinucleated
*Sarcolemma
*Sarcoplasm
*Transverse Tubules (TT)
*Sarcoplasmic reticulum
*Myofibrils |
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Term
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Definition
*Each Nucleus from myoblast origin
*Fused Myoblasts form muscle fiber |
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Definition
| Muscle fiber cell membrane |
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Definition
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Definition
| Narrow tubes continuous with sarcolemma, Contains extracellular fluid |
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Definition
*Similar to ER, connected to TT
*Surrounds myofibrils
*Contains extracellular fluid high in Ca-(2+) |
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Term
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Definition
*Bundles of Thick (myosin) and thin (actin)
*Myofilaments (proteins) organized into sarcomere |
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Term
| A Band stains dark due to |
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Definition
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Term
| I Band light staining due to |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| center of A band where myosin held in place by protiens |
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Definition
| Area in A zone with myosin only |
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Definition
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Definition
| where adjacent sarcomeress meet |
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Term
| Myosin connected to Z line by _____ |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| * Myosin 'heads' with ADP + P(sub i) form cross bridges to 'walk' along actin during muscle contraction |
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Term
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Definition
| Troponin/tropomyosin complex on actin prevents cross bridge formation |
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Term
How does it work? Sliding Filament Theory?
Step 1 |
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Definition
| Skeletal muscle stimulated to contract by nervous tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| At neuromuscular junction, nerve impulse causes acetylcholine (Ach) to be released into synapse |
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Term
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Definition
| Ach receptors on muscle change permeability of sarcolemma causing influx of Na+ into sarcoplasm |
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Term
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Definition
| Influx continues until acetylcolinesterase removes Ach from receptors |
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Term
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Definition
| Na+ causes Ca(2+) to be released from transverse tubules (TT) and sarcoplasmic reticulum |
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Term
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Definition
Ca(2+) attaches to troponin
*exposing attachment site to actin |
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Term
Step 7 Omit: extra card
lalalalala |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Myosin head attaches to exposed site in actin forming cross-bridge using energy from ATP |
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Term
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Definition
| Myosin head (attached to actin) pivots towards M Line releasing ADP+P |
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Term
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Definition
| Release of ADP + P(sub i) detaches myosin head from actin |
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Term
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Definition
| Myosin head ready to form another cross-bridge with another actin using ATP |
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Definition
| "walking" will continue as long as Ca (2+) attaches to troponin exposing attachment site |
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Term
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Definition
| Muscle contracts (shortens) causing tension that pulls bone towards desired position |
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Term
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Definition
Acetylcholine released into neuromuscular junction is quickly broken down and/or reabsorbed via acetylcholinesterase to stop neurotransmission
*Ca(2+) is quickly actively pumped back into SR |
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Term
| What if you run out of ATP? |
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Definition
You Will Die!!! muhahahhaha
*Extra ATP converted to CP (creatine phosphate)
* When needed CPK (creatine phosphate)
*Releases energy from CP to make ATP |
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Term
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Definition
*required for use of ATP and CP as energy source
*Uses glucose, glycogen, oxygen, (myoglobin helps)
*At rest, fatty acids used for ATP to make more glycogen, ATP and CP |
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Term
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Definition
*ATP and CP are used up
*Pyruvate made in glycolysis cannot be fed into mitochondria fast enough |
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Term
Anarobic respiration
Result= |
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Definition
| build up of toxic lactic acid= BAD |
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Term
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Definition
| muscle cannot contract when stimulated by neurons |
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Term
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Definition
| muscles not used and become 'flabby' |
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Term
| Cardiac Muscle Tissue is stimulated by... |
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Definition
| Cardiac pacemaker cells... Not Nervous System |
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| Nervous system can influence... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
*connect adjacent cardiac muscle cells
*To ensure all contract together |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What kind of energy does cardiac muscle use? |
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Definition
Aerobic metabolism ONLY
(myoglobin helps) |
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Term
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Definition
*Most all organs
*Spindle shape with single nucleus
*Not striated
*Myosin scatted throughout cell
*Actin attached to dense bodies
*Contraction causes muscle to 'twist' |
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