Term
| The Functional classification of joints include...(3) |
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Definition
1. Synarthrosis
2. Ampiarthrosis
3. Diarthrosis |
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Term
| The Structural classification of joints includes... (3) |
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Definition
1. Fibrous
2. Cartilaginous
3. Synovial |
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Term
| What are the common features of a fibrous joint? |
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Definition
They do not have a joint cavity
They are bound by connective tissue |
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Term
| What is an example of a Fibrous joint? |
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Definition
The suture of the skull
*A fibrous joint has no cavity and is immovable. |
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Term
| What are the common structural elements of a synovial joint? |
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Definition
Synovial joint cavity
Fibrous Joint cavity
Synovial Fluid
Synovial Membrane
Articulating Cavity |
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Term
| List the 6 types of a synovial joint |
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Definition
1. Gliding joint
2. Hinge Joint
3. Pivot Joint
4. Condyloid Joint
5. Saddle Joint
6. Ball and Socket |
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Term
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Definition
| Foot moving away from lower leg. |
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Term
| What is the reverse movement of Plantar Flexion? |
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Definition
| Dorsiflexion- foot moving towards lower leg. |
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Term
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Definition
| Movement in Anterior manner. |
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Term
| What is the reverse action of Protraction? |
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Definition
| Retraction- movement in Posterior manner. |
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Term
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Definition
| Movement of the forearm. Turning the wrist away from anatomical position. |
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Term
| What is the reverse movement of Pronation? |
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Definition
| Supination- movement of the forearm. wrist moving back to anatomical position. |
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Term
| What percent of the human body is made up of Skeletal Muscle? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the name of the outermost connective tissue which surrounds the whole muscle? |
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Definition
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Term
| Fasicles (bundles of muscle) are separated by what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What surronds each muscle fiber? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the role of the T-tubuals? |
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Definition
| to form channels that allow electrical signals that stimulate muscle contraction. |
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Term
| What is the functional contractile unit of a myofibril? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two contractile proteins? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name and explain the 5 types of muscle contractions. |
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Definition
1. Concentric
2. Eccentric
3. Isometric
4. Isotonic
5. Isokinetic |
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Term
| What type of contraction would pushing weight off your chest be? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of contraction would lowering weight to your chest be? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of contraction would holding weight steady be? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| constant angular velocity about a joint |
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Term
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Definition
| tension remains unchanged, muscle length changes. Builds strength through Range of Motion |
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Term
| List 5 muscle arrangements and give examples. |
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Definition
1. Fusiform
2. Unipennate
3. Bipennate
4. Multipennate
5. Triangular |
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Term
| Explain the Force Velocity Relationship for a short sarcomere. |
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Definition
| an overlap between actin and myosin |
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Term
| Explain the Force Velocity Relationship for a lengthened sarcomere |
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Definition
| when the sarcomere lengthens beyond optimal force potential it promotes recoil. |
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Term
| Explain the Force Velocity Relationship for a over-stretched sarcomere. |
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Definition
| If no actin and myosin overlap there is zero force production. |
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Term
| Explain the force velocity relationship. |
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Definition
Force production capability depends on contraction velocity/speed. The faster a muscle contracts concentrically the less force a muscle can produce. As the muscle shortens with increasing velocity force decreases due to lower number of myosin heads binding to actin.
Muscle contraction velocity is inversely proportional to load. Large force can not be exerted in very rapid movements. |
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Term
| Explain Force Velocity Relationship in reference to a fast contracting muscle. |
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Definition
| greater velocity is reached under low load. |
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Term
| Explain Force Velocity Relationship in reference to a Eccentric action. |
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Definition
| Muscle can handle greater load during eccentric action than during isometric or concentric action. During the eccentric contraction in the most flexed elbow position the decent of weight can be controlled. |
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Term
| What is the Stretch-Shorten Cycle? |
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Definition
| an eccentric action immediately followed by a concentric action. Normal concentric force production is enhanced. |
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Term
| List the 3 phases of the Stretch-Shorten cycle. |
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Definition
1. Eccentric Phase
2. Coupling Phase
3. Concentric Phase |
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Term
| What is Muscle Hypertrophy? |
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Definition
| an increase in muscle size and number of myofibril. |
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Term
| What are Musculotendinous injuries called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is tissue swelling during and after exercise known as? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does DOMS stand for? |
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Definition
| Delayed Onset of Muscle Soreness |
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Term
| How long after exercise does DOMS occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of training speeds up the muscle repair process? |
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Definition
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Term
| What makes up the Motor Unit? |
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Definition
| The motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates. |
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Term
| What two factors determine range of motion? |
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Definition
1. Structural congruity
2. The tissue that surrounds and supports the joint. |
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Term
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Definition
| the point where bones untie to form joints. |
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Term
| What is an articulating surface? |
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Definition
| the surface of the bone that comes together where two bones unite. |
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Term
| What is the study of joints? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the name for a socket? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of a Bursae sac? |
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Definition
| reduces friction. it is filled with synovial fluid and serves as the space between tendons and ligaments. |
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Term
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Definition
| pads between the bone and joint that cushions. they are C shaped or ring shaped. |
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Term
| What causes water on the knee? |
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Definition
| An overproduction of Synovial fluid. |
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Term
| What is a condyloid joint? |
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Definition
| an unstable joint formed by a shallow convex surface of a bone with the concave surface of another bone. |
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Term
| What is an example of a Gliding joint? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an example of a Hinge Joint? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an example of a Pivot joint? |
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Definition
| between the atlas and axis (rotates side to side) |
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Term
| What is an example of a condyloid joint? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an example of a saddle joint? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an example of a ball and socket joint? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the innermost layer of connective tissue? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is concentric movement? |
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Definition
| Concentric - muscle shortening |
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Term
| What is Eccentric movement? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is Isometric movement? |
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Definition
| torque produced by the muscle is equal to external torque (no movement) |
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Term
| What is an example of the Fuisiform muscle arrangement? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an example of the Unipennate muscle arrangement? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an example of the Bipennate muscle arrangement? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an example of the Multipennate muscle arrangement? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an example of a triangular muscle arrangement? |
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Definition
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Term
| Explain the Eccentric phase of the Stretch-shorten cycle. |
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Definition
| 1. Eccentric Phase - normal concentric force production is increased. energy is stored in connective tissue sheaths. |
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Term
| Explain the Coupling Phase of the Stretch-Shorten Cycle. |
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Definition
| transition. should be short so you don't loose energy. |
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Term
| Explain the Concentric Phase of the Stretch-Shorten Cycle. |
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Definition
| energy stored is used to enhance force production. If not used, energy is lost through heat. |
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Term
| How will lighter training speed up the muscle repair process? |
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Definition
| by increasing metabolism, supplying nutrients and removing waste products from sore muscle. |
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