Term
| Name the attachments of the diaphragm |
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Definition
| The diaphragm attaches FROM the internal surfaces of the ribcage and sternum, and the spine TO the central tendon of the diaphragm. |
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Term
| What are the actions of the erector spinae group? |
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Definition
| The erector spinae group performs extension and lateral flexion of the trunk at the spinal joints. |
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Term
| What is an action of the multifidus? |
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Definition
| An action of the multifidus includes contralateral rotation of the trunk at the spinal joints. |
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Term
| What muscle forms a partition between the thoracic cavity and the abdominal cavity? |
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Definition
| The DIAPHRAGM forms a partition between the thoracic cavity and the abdominal cavity. |
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Term
| Which muscle of the erector spinae group is the most lateral? |
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Definition
| The ILIOCOSTALIS muscle of the erector spinae group is the most lateral. |
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Term
| What are the attachments of the multifidus? |
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Definition
| The attachments of the multifidus are FROM the posterior sacrum, PSIS, posterior sacro-iliac ligament and L5-C4 TO the spinous processes of vertebrae 2-4 segmental levels superior to the inferior attachment. |
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Term
| Which muscle of the erector spinae group attaches from spinous processes to spinous processes? |
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Definition
| The SPINALIS muscle of the erector spinae group attaches from SP's to SP's. |
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Term
| What are the attachments of the rotatores? |
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Definition
| The attachments of the rotatores are FROM the transverse process (inferiorly) TO the lamina (superiorly). |
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Term
| Which subgroup of the erector spinae group attaches from the pelvis to the ribs? |
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Definition
| The ILIOCOSTALIS subgroup of the erector spinae subgroup attaches from the pelvis to the ribs. |
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Term
| Which muscle of the erector spinae group is most medial? |
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Definition
| The SPINALIS muscle of the erector spinae group is the most medial. |
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Term
| What are the attachments of the temporoparietalis? |
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Definition
| The temporoparietalis attaches FROM the fascia superior to the ear TO the lateral border of the galea aponeurotica. |
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Term
| What are the attachments of the orbicularis oculi? |
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Definition
| The obicularis oculi attaches FROM the medial side of the eye TO the medial side of the eye (encircles the eye). |
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Term
| What are the attachments of the zygomaticus major? |
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Definition
| The zygomaticus major attaches FROM the zygomatic bone TO the angle of the mouth. |
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Term
| What are the attachments of the orbicularis oris? |
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Definition
| The orbicularis oris is a muscle that, in its entirety, surrounds the mouth. |
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Term
| What are the attachments of the temporalis? |
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Definition
| The temporalis attaches FROM the temporal fossa TO the coronoid process and ramus of the mandible. |
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Term
| What are the attachments of the masseter? |
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Definition
| The masseter attaches FROM the inferior margins of both the zygomatic bone and the zygomatic arch of the temporal bone TO the angle, ramus, and coronoid process of the mandible. |
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Term
| What are the attachments of the lateral pterygoid? |
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Definition
| The lateral pterygoid attaches FROM the sphenoid bone TO the mandible and the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). |
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Term
| What are the attachments of the medial pterygoid? |
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Definition
| The medial pterygoid attaches FROM the sphenoid bone TO the internal surface of the mandible. |
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Term
| What muscles attach into the galea aponeurotica? |
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Definition
| Muscles that attach into the galea aponeurotica include occipitofrontalis, temporoparietalis, auricularis anterior, and auricularis superior. |
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Term
| What muscles attach onto the coronoid process of the mandible? |
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Definition
| TEMPORALIS and MASSETER attach onto the coronoid process of the mandible. |
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Term
| What is an action of the orbicularis oculi? |
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Definition
| The orbicularis oculi closes and squints the eye. |
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Term
| What is an action of the zygomaticus major? |
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Definition
| Zygomaticus major elevates the angle of the mouth. |
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Term
| What is an action of the temporalis? |
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Definition
| The temporalis elevates the mandible at the TMJ. |
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Term
| Which muscles elevate the mandible at the TMJ? |
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Definition
| Masseter and temporalis elevate the mandible at the TMJ. |
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Term
| What are the actions of the occipitofrontalis? |
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Definition
| The occipitofrontalis draws the scalp both anteriorly and posteriorly. |
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Term
| What are the attachments of the sternocleidomastoid (SCM)? |
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Definition
| The SCM attaches FROM the manubrium of the sternum and medial clavicle TO the mastoid process of the temporal bone. |
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Term
| What are the attachments of the anterior scalene? |
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Definition
| The anterior scalene attaches FROM the transverse processes of the cervical spine TO the first rib. |
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Term
| What are the attachments of the posterior scalene? |
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Definition
| The posterior scalene attaches FROM the transverse processes of the cervical spine TO the second rib. |
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Term
| Generally, where are the suboccipital muscles located? |
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Definition
| In general the suboccipital muscles are located between the axis (C2) and the occiput. |
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Term
| Generally, what are the actions of the scalene muscle group? |
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Definition
| In general the scalene muscle group performs flexion and lateral flexion of the neck at the spinal joints, and elevation of the first and second ribs at the sternocostal and costospinal joints. |
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Term
| Generally, what is the major action of the suboccipital group? |
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Definition
| In general the suboccipital group performs extension of the head at the atlanto-occipital joint. |
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Term
| What are the actions of the sternocleidomastoid (SCM)? |
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Definition
| The SCM flexes, laterally flexes, and contralaterally rotates the neck at the spinal joints. |
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Term
| Which muscle is contracting when you turn your trunk to the left? |
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Definition
| The right rotatores contracts when you turn your trunk to the left. |
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Term
| Which muscles attach onto the greater tubercle of the humerus? |
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Definition
| The supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor muscles attach onto the greater tubercle of the humerus. |
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Term
| What are the attachments of the levator scapulae? |
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Definition
| The attachments of the levator scapulae are FROM the transverse processes (TPs) of C1-4 to the medial border of the scapula, from the superior angle to the root of the spine of the scapula. |
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Term
| Which muscles attach to the medial border of the scapula? |
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Definition
| The levator scapulae, rhomboids, and serratus anterior muscles attach to the medial border of the scapula. |
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Term
| What are the attachments of the serratus anterior? |
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Definition
| The attachments of the serratus anterior are FROM ribs #1-9 TO the anterior surface of the entire medial border of the scapula. |
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Term
| Which muscle attaches to the lesser tubercle of the humerus? |
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Definition
| The subscapularis muscle attaches onto the lesser tubercle of the humerus. |
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Term
| What are the attachments of the teres minor? |
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Definition
| Teres minor attaches FROM the superior lateral border of the scapula to the greater tubercle of the humerus. |
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Term
| What is an action of the subscapularis? |
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Definition
| The subscapularis medially rotates the arm at the glenohumeral joint. |
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Term
| What are actions of the levator scapulae? |
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Definition
| The levator scapulae elevates the scapula and extends/laterally flexes the neck at the spinal joints. |
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Term
| Which is the only one of the four rotator cuff muscles that cannot create rotation of the humerus (in the transverse plane)? |
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Definition
| The supraspinatus is the only one of the four rotator cuff muscles that cannot create rotation of the humerus (in the the transverse plane). |
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Term
| What are actions of the trapezius? |
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Definition
| The trapezius extends and laterally flexes the neck and head at the spinal joints; retracts (adducts), elevates, and depresses the scapula at the scapulocostal joint. |
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Term
| Why is the rotator cuff group called the rotator "cuff" group? |
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Definition
| The rotator cuff group is named so because all four distal tendons conjoin to form a cuff on the proximal humerus. |
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Term
| What are the attachments of the pectoralis minor? |
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Definition
| The pectoralis minor attaches FROM ribs #3-5 TO the coracoid process of the scapula. |
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Term
| What are the actions of the subclavius? |
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Definition
| The subclavius depresses the clavicle at the sternoclavicular joint and elevates the first rib at the sternocostal and costospinal joints. |
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Term
| What are the attachments of the rhomboids? |
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Definition
| The rhomboids attach FROM the spinous processes (SPs) of C7-T5 TO the medial border of the scapula from the root of the spine of the scapula to the inferior angle of the scapula. |
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Term
| What are the actions of the serratus anterior? |
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Definition
| The serratus anterior upwardly rotates and protracts (abducts) the scapula at the scapulocostal joint. |
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Term
| What are the attachments of the trapezius? |
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Definition
| The trapezius attaches FROM the occiput, nuchal ligament, and spinous processes (SP's) of C7-T12 TO the lateral clavicle, acromion process and spine of the scapula. |
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Term
| What is an action of the supraspinatus? |
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Definition
| The supraspinatus abducts and flexes the arm at the glenohumeral joint. |
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Term
| What are the attachments of the infraspinatus? |
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Definition
| The infraspinatus attaches FROM the infraspinous fossa of the scapula TO the greater tubercle of the humerus. |
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Term
| What are the attachments of the supraspinatus? |
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Definition
| The supraspinatus attaches FROM the supraspinous fossa of the scapula to the greater tubercle of the humerus. |
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Term
| What are the attachments of the subscapularis? |
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Definition
| The subscapularis attaches FROM the subscapular fossa of the scapula to the lesser tubercle of the humerus. |
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Term
| What is an action of the teres minor? |
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Definition
| The teres minor laterally rotates the arm at the shoulder joint. |
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Term
| What is the only rotator cuff muscle that is attached to the anterior surface of the scapula? |
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Definition
| The subscapularis is the only rotator cuff muscle that is attached to the anterior surface of the scapula. |
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Term
| When a person has the postural condition referred to as "rounded shoulders" in which the scapulae are protracted and depressed at the scapulocostal joints, (and the humeri are medially rotated at the shoulder joints), which muscles are usually tight and are contributing to this problem? |
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Definition
| When a person has the postural condition referred to as "rounded shoulders," the pectoralis minor muscles are usually tight and are contributing to the problem. |
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Term
| What are the actions of the rhomboids? |
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Definition
| The rhomboids elevate, retract (adduct), and downwardly rotate the scapula at the scapulocostal joint. |
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Term
| What are the attachments of the latissimus dorsi? |
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Definition
| The latissimus dorsi attaches FROM the spinous processes (SPs) of T7-L5, the posterior sacrum, posterior iliac crest TO the medial lip of the bicipital groove of the humerus. |
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Term
| What are the actions of the latissimus dorsi? |
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Definition
| The latissimus dorsi medially rotates, adducts, and extends the arm at the glenohumeral joint; anteriorly tilts the pelvis at the lumbosacral joint, and extends the trunk at the spinal joints. |
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Term
| What are the attachments of the teres major? |
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Definition
| The teres major attaches FROM the inferior angle and inferior lateral border of the scapula TO the medial lip of the bicipital groove of the humerus. |
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Term
| What are the actions of the teres major? |
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Definition
| The teres major medially rotates, adducts, and extends the arm at the glenohumeral joint. |
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Term
| What are the attachments of the deltoid? |
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Definition
| The deltoid attaches FROM the lateral clavicle, acromion process, and spine of the scapula TO the deltoid tuberosity of the humerus. |
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Term
| What are the actions of the deltoid? |
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Definition
| The deltoid abducts, flexes and extends, medially and laterally rotates, and horizontally flexes and extends the arm at the glenohumeral joint. It also downwardly rotates the scapula at the glenohumeral and scapulocostal joints. |
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Term
| What is one movement not provided by the deltoid? |
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Definition
| The deltoid does no adduction. |
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Term
| What are the attachments of the pectoralis major? |
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Definition
| The pectoralis major attaches FROM the medial clavicle, sternum, and the costal cartilages of ribs 1 through 7 TO the lateral lip of the bicipital groove of the humerus. |
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Term
| What are the actions of the pectoralis major? |
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Definition
| The pectoralis major flexes, extends, adducts, and medial rotates the arm at the glenohumeral joint. |
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Term
| What are the attachments of the coracobrachialis? |
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Definition
| The coracobrachialis attaches FROM the coracoid process of the scapula TO the medial shaft of the humerus. |
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Term
| What are the actions of the coracobrachialis? |
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Definition
| The coracobrachialis flexes and adducts the arm at the glenohumeral joint. |
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Term
| What are the attachments of the biceps brachii? |
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Definition
| The biceps brachii attaches FROM the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula (long head) and the coracoid process of the scapula (short head) TO the radial tuberosity. |
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Term
| What are the actions of the biceps brachii? |
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Definition
| The biceps brachii flexes and supinates the forearm at the radioulnar joints, and flexes the arm at the glenohumeral joint. |
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Term
| What are the attachments of the brachialis? |
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Definition
| The brachialis attaches FROM the distal half of the anterior shaft of the humerus TO the ulnar tuberosity. |
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Term
| What is the movement of the brachialis? |
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Definition
| The brachialis flexes the arm at the elbow joint. |
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Term
| What are the attachments of the brachioradialis? |
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Definition
| The brachioradialis attaches FROM the lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus TO the styloid process of the radius. |
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Term
| What are the actions of the brachioradialis? |
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Definition
| The brachioradialis flexes the forearm at the elbow joint and pronates/supinates the forearm at the radioulnar joints. |
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Term
| What are the attachments of the triceps brachii? |
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Definition
| The triceps brachii attaches FROM the infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula (long head) and the posterior shaft of the humerus (lateral and medial heads) TO the olecranon process of the ulna. |
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Term
| What are the actions of the triceps brachii? |
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Definition
| The triceps brachii extends the forearm at the elbow join and extends the arm at the glenohumeral joint. |
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Term
| What are the attachments of the anconeus? |
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Definition
| The anconeus attaches FROM the lateral epicondyle of the humerus TO the posterior proximal ulna. |
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Term
| What is the action of the anconeus? |
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Definition
| The anconeus extends the forearm at the elbow joint. |
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Term
| What are the attachments of the supinator? |
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Definition
| The supinator attaches FROM the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and the proximal ulna to the proximal radius. |
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Term
| What is the action of the supinator? |
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Definition
| The supinator supinates the forearm at the radioulnar joints. |
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Term
| What are the attachments of the pronator teres? |
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Definition
| The pronator teres attaches FROM the medial epicondyle of the humerus via the common flexor tendon (humeral head) and the coronoid process of the ulna (ulnar head) TO the lateral radius. |
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Term
| What are the actions of the pronator teres? |
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Definition
| The actions of the pronator teres are pronation of the forearm at the radioulnar joints and flexion of the forearm at the elbow joint. |
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Term
| What are the attachments of the pronator quadratus? |
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Definition
| The pronator quadratus attaches FROM the anterior distal ulna TO the anterior distal radius. |
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Term
| What is the action of the pronator quadratus? |
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Definition
| The pronator quadratus pronates the forearm at the radioulnar joints. |
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Term
| Name a muscle that attaches onto the radial tuberosity. |
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Definition
| The biceps brachii attaches attaches onto the radial tuberosity. |
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Term
| Name three muscles that attach onto the coracoid process of the scapula. |
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Definition
| The biceps brachii, pectoralis minor, and coracobrachialis attach onto the coracoid process of the scapula. |
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Term
| Which muscle is usually considered to be the prime mover of flexion of the forearm at the elbow joint? |
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Definition
| Biceps brachii is usually considered to be the prime mover of flexion of the forearm at the elbow joint. |
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Term
| Name three muscles that can supinate the forearm at the radioulnar joints. |
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Definition
| Three muscles that can supinate the forearm at the radioulnar joints are biceps brachii, brachioradialis, and supinator. |
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Term
| What are the attachments of the flexor carpi radialis? |
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Definition
| The flexor carpi radialis ORIGINATES at the medial epicondyle of the humerus (via the common flexor tendon) and INSERTS at the anterior hand on the radial side. |
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Term
| What are the actions of the flexor carpi radialis? |
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Definition
| The flexor carpi radialis flexes and radially deviates (abducts) the hand at the wrist joint. |
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Term
| What are the attachments of the palmaris longus? |
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Definition
| The palmaris longus ORIGINATES at the medial epicondyle of the humerus (via the common flexor tendon) and INSERTS at the palm of the hand. |
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Term
| What is the action of the palmaris longus? |
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Definition
| The palmaris longus flexes the hand at the wrist joint. |
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Term
| What are the attachments of the flexor carpi ulnaris? |
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Definition
| The flexor carpi ulnaris ORIGINATES at the medial epicondyle of the humerus (via the common flexor tendon) and the ulna, and INSERTS into the anterior hand on the ulnar side. |
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Term
| What are the actions of the flexor carpi ulnaris? |
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Definition
| The flexor carpi ulnaris performs flexion and ulnar deviation of the hand at the wrist joint. |
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Term
| What are the attachments of the flexor digitorum profundus? |
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Definition
| The flexor digitorum profundus ORIGINATES at the medial and anterior ulna and INSERTS into the anterior surfaces of fingers two through five. |
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Term
| What are the actions of the flexor digitorum profundus? |
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Definition
| The flexor digitorum profundus flexes fingers 2-5 at the MCP, PIP, and DIP joints, and flexes the hand at the wrist joints. |
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Term
| What are the attachments of the flexor pollicis longus? |
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Definition
| The flexor pollicis longus ORIGINATES on the anterior surface of the radius and INSERTS into the thumb. |
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Term
| What are the actions of the flexor pollicis longus? |
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Definition
| The flexor pollicis longus flexes the thumb at the CMC, MCP, and IP joints, and flexes the hand at the wrist joint. |
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Term
| What are the attachments of the extensor carpi radialis longus? |
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Definition
| The extensor carpi radialis longus ORIGINIATES on the lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus and INSERTS into the posterior hand on the radial side. |
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Term
| What are the actions of the extensor carpi radialis longus? |
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Definition
| The extensor carpi radialis longus extends and radially deviates (abducts) the hand at the wrist joint. |
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