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| Ottawa chief and former French ally who organized the Covenant Chain; he mounted an unsuccessful siege of Fort Detroit in 1763. |
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| Proclamation Line of 1763 |
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| British policy that banne white settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains; it was intended to reduce conflict between Indians and settlers, but it angered settlers. |
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| Parliamentary representation that stems from peoples status as citizens, regardless of whether they have directly elected delegates to look out ofr their specific interests. |
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| A secret organization formed in Boston to oppose the Stamp Act; its leaders included Samuel Adams Massachusetts revolutionary leader and propagandist who organized opposition to the Stamp Act and took part in the Boston Tea Party - and Paul Revere |
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| British law (1776) that asserted Parliaments righ to make laws for and impose taxes on the American colonies. |
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| British laws (1767) that required the colonials to pay duties on manufactured goods-such as glass, lead, and tea-imported from britain. |
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| British law (1773) that lowered the price of British tea but kept the tax o tea sold to America. |
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| Protest against the tea act staged by boston patriots in 1773; they boarded ships carrying british tea and dumped the tea into boston harbor. |
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| Committees of Correspondence |
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| groups formed throughout the colonies in 1772 to quickly circulate news of british oppression |
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| nickname first given to the concord militia and then applied generally to colonial militia at the time of the revolution. |
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| British assault on American troops on Breeds Hill near Boston in June 1775; the British won the battle but suffered heavy losses. |
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| Declaration of Independence |
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| document adopted by the second continental congress in 1776 that listed the rights of man, described the abuses of George III, and declared the American colonies independent of Britain. |
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| An American colonist who opposed the british rule and fought for independence. |
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| An American colonist who supported the British side during the Revolution. |
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| Port town in Virginia on the York River near Chesapeake Bay; its location on a peninsula allowed American and French forces to trap the British in their encampment there. |
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| French aristocrat who served on Washingtons staff during the Revolution. |
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| Articles of Confederation |
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| The first constitution of the United States; it created a central government with limited powers and was replaced by the Constitution in 1788, |
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| Uprising by farmers in western Massachusetts who wanted to protest the indifference of the state legislature to the plight of farmers; the rebellion was suppressed by the state militia in 1787. |
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| Virginia planter and political theorist who supported ratification of the Constitution; he later became the fourth president. |
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| An agreement to count three-fifths of a states slaves to determine a states representation in the House of Representatives. |
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| Political group led by Alexander Hamilton that formed during Washingtons first administration; they favored commercial growth and a strong central government (alternate: Supporters of ratification of the Constitution; they believed in a strong central government.) |
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| Essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay in defense of the Constitution; they helped establish the basic principles of American government. |
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| Opponents of ratification of the Constitution; they feared that a strong central government would be an instrument of tyranny. |
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| The first ten amendments to teh US Constitution, added in 1791 to protect certain basic rights of American citizens. |
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| Battle in August 1794 in which Kentucky riflemen defeated Indians of several tribes, hastening the end of Indian resistance in the Northwest. |
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| Treaty of 1795 under which Northwest Indians were paid about $10,000 to cede land that later became the state of Ohio. |
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| An uprising by grain farmers in western Pennsylvania in 1794 over a federal tax on whiskey; Washington led militias from nearby states to quell the rebellion. |
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| A diplomatic incident in which American envoys to France were told that the United States would have to loan France money and bribe government officials as a condition for negotiation. |
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| Law passed by Congress in 1798 authorizing the president to order out of the United States any alien regarded as dangerous to the public peace or safety. |
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| Law passed by Congress in 1798 outlawing any criticism of the US government that might bring the government into disrepute; the law was enforced mainly against Republicans. |
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| Virginia lawyer and polotician made chief justice of the Supreme Court by President Adams; his legal decisions helped shape the role of the Court in American government. |
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| Supreme Court decision (1803) declaring part of the Judiciary Act of 1789 unconstitutional and thus establishing the principle of judicial review. |
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| The power of the Supreme Court to review the constitutionality of laws passed by Congress and the states. |
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| Treasury secretary in Jeffersons administration; he favored limited government and reduced the federal debt by cutting spending. |
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| The US purchase of Louisiana from France for $15 million in 1803; the Louisiana Territory extended from the Mississippi river to the Rocky Mountains. |
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| Group of Federalists in Essex County, Massachusetts, who called for New England and New York to secede from the Union during Jeffersons second term. |
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| Shawnee leader and brother of the Prophet; he tried to establish an Indian confederacy along the frontier as a barrier to white expansion. |
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| Shawnee religious visionary who called for a return to Indian traditions and founded the community of Prophetstown on Tippecanoe Creek in Indiana. |
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| Battle near Prophetstown in Indiana territory in 1811; American forces led by William Henry Harrison defeated Shawnee followers of the Prophet. |
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| Members of Congress from the West and South who campaigned for war with Britain in the hopes of stimulating the economy and annexing new territory. |
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| Treaty ending the War of 1812, signed in Belgium in 1814; it restored peace but was silent on the issues over which the United States and Britain had clashed. |
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| American naval officer who led the fleet that defeated the British in teh Battle of Put-in-Bay during the War of 1812. |
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| Battle in the War of 1812 in which American troops commanded by Andrew Jackson repulsed the British attempt to seize New Orleans. |
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| A national highway built with federal fuds; it eventually stretched from Cumberland, Maryland, to Vandalia, Illinois, and beyond. |
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| A 350-mile canal stretching from Buffalo to Albany; it revolutionized the shipping in New York. |
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| American inventor and manufacturer; his cotton gin revolutionized the cotton industry. |
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| Tariff passed by Congress in 1828 that outraged the southern states by placing high duties on raw materials. |
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| Refusal of a state to recognize or enforce a federal law within its boundaries. |
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| President of the Second Bank of the United States; he struggled to keep the bank functioning when President Jackson tried to undermine its powers. |
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