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| The repetition of identical consonant sounds, most often the sounds beginning words, in close proximity. Example pensive poets, nattering nabs |
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| Unacknowledged reference and quotations that authors assume their readers will recognize |
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| Repetition of the same word or phrase at the beginning of a line throughout a work or the section of a work. |
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| Speaker in a poem addresses a person not present or an animal, inanimate object, or concept as though it is a person. Example: Wordsworth --"Milton! Thou shouldest be living at this hour/ England has need of thee" |
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| The repetition of identical vowel sounds in different words in close proximity. Example: deep green sea. |
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| unrhymed iambic pentameter. Example: Shakepeare's plays |
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| A short but definite pause used for effect within a line of poetry. Carpe diem poetry: "seize the day." Poetry concerned with the shortness of life and the need to act in or enjoy the present. Example: Herrick's "To the Virgins to Make Much of Time." |
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| is the counterpart of assonance; the partial or total identity of consonants in words whose main vowels differ. Example: shadow meadow; pressed, passed; sipped, supped. |
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| two successive rhyming lines |
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Diction is usually used to describe the level of formality that a speaker uses.
Diction (formal or high): Proper, elevated, elaborate, and often polysyllabic language. This type of language used to be thought the only type suitable for poetry.
Neutral or middle diction: Correct language characterized by directness and simplicity.
Diction (informal or low): Relaxed, conversational and familiar language. |
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| type of poem, derived from the theater, in which a speaker addresses an internal listener or the reader. |
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| A line ending in a full pause, usually indicated with a period or semicolon. |
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| Enjambement (or enjambement) |
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| A line having no end punctuation but running over to the next line. |
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| A complete and detailed analysis of a work of literature, often word by word and line-by-line |
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| A measured combination of heavy and light stresses. The numbers of feet are given below. monometer(1 foot), dimeter (2 feet), trimeter (3 feet), tetrameter (4 feet), pentameter (5 feet), hexameter (6 feet), heptameter or septenary (7 feet) |
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| Hyperbole (overstatement) and litotes (understatement) |
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| Hyperbole is exaggeration for effect; litotes is understatement for effect, often used for irony |
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| Iamb (iambic): an unstressed stressed foot. The most natural and common kind of meter In English; it elevates speech to poetry. |
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| Images are references that trigger the mind to fuse together memories of sight (visual), sounds (auditory), tastes (gustatory) smells (olfactory), and sensations of touch (tactile). imagery refers to images throughout a work or throughout the works of a writer or group of writers. |
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| An exact rhyme (rather than rhyming vowel sounds, as with assonance) within a line of poetry: "Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary." |
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| A comparison between two unlike things, this describes one thing as if it were something else. Does not use "like" or "as" for the comparison (see simile). |
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| The number of feet within a line of traditional verse. Example: iambic pentameter |
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| A blending of consent and vowel sounds designed to imitate or suggest the activity being described. Example: buzz, slurp. |
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| A rhetorical figure embodying a seeming contradiction that is nonetheless true. |
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| Attributing human characteristics to nonhuman things or abstractions |
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| The repetition of identical concluding syllables in different words, most often at the ends of lines. Example: June--moon |
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| Double rhyme or trochaic rhyme |
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| rhyming words of two syllables in which the first syllable is accented (flower, shower) |
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| Triple rhyme or dactylic rhyme |
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| Rhyming words of three or more syllables in which any syllable but the last is accented. Example: Macavity/gravity/depravity |
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| Words that seem to rhyme because they are spelled identically but pronounced differently. Example: bear/fear, dough/cough/through/bough |
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| A near rhyme in which the concluding consonant sounds are identical but not the vowels. Example: sun/noon, should/food, slim/ham. |
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| The pattern of rhyme, usually indicated by assigning a letter of the alphabet to each rhyme at the end of a line of poetry. |
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| A direct comparison between two dissimilar things; uses "like" or "as" to state the terms of the comparison. |
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| A group of poetic lines corresponding to paragraphs in prose; the meters and rhymes are usually repeating or systematic |
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| A rhetorical figure that describes one sensory impression in terms of a different sense, or one perception in terms of a totally different or even opposite feeling. Example: "darkness visible" "green thought" |
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| Word order and sentence structure. |
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