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| Inorganic materials that are characterized by high thermal and electrical conductivities. |
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| Materials consisting of metals and nonmetals. |
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| Materials consisting of long molecular chains or networks of low weight elements such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen. |
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| Materials that are mixtures of two or more materials. |
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| Materials used in electronics. |
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| An ion with a negative charge |
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| An ion with a positive charge. |
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| A primary bond resulting from the electrostatic attraction of oppositely charged ions. |
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| A primary bond resulting from the sharing of electrons. |
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| A primary bond resulting from the sharing of delocalized electrons in the form of an electron charge cloud by an aggregate of metal atoms. |
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| Electrons in the outermost shell that are most often involved in bonding. |
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| A solid composed of atoms, ions or molecules arranged in a pattern that is repeated in three dimensions. |
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| A convenient repeating unit of a space lattice |
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| A unit cell with an atomic packing arrangement in which one atom is in contact with eight identical atoms located at the corners of an imaginary cube. |
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| A unit cell with an atomic packing arrangement in which 12 atoms surround a central identical atom. PATTERN: ABCABC |
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| A unit cell with an atomic packing arrangement in which 12 atoms surround a central identical atom. PATTERN: ABABAB |
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| The volume of atoms in a selected unit cell divided by the volume of the unit cell. |
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| A single crystal in a polycrystalline aggregate. |
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| Grains that are approximately equal in all directions and have random crystallographic orientations. |
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| A crystalline structure that contains many grains |
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| An alloy of two or more metals or a metal and a nonmetal this is a single-phase atomic mixture. |
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| A mixture of two or more metals or a metal and a nonmetal. |
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| A crystalline imperfection in which a lattice distortion is centered around a line. |
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| A surface imperfection that separates crystals (grains) of different orientations in a polycrystalline aggregate. |
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| Permanent deformation of metals and alloys below the temperature at which a strain free microstructure is produced continuously. Causes metal to be strain hardened. |
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| A measure of the resistance of a material to permanent deformation. |
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Definition
| The process of atoms moving over each other during the permanent deformation of a metal. |
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| Line markings on the surface of a metal due to slip caused by permanent deformation. |
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| A combination of a slip plane and a slip direction. |
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| The first stage of the annealing process that results in the removal of residual stresses. |
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| The second stage of the annealing process in which new grains start to grow. |
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| A mirror image misorientation of the crystal structure which is considered a surface defect. |
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| The time rate passage of a charge through material. The number of coulumbs per second that passes a point in a material. |
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| the electric current per unit area. |
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| The measure of the difficulty of electric current’s passage through a volume of material. |
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Definition
| A measure of the difficulty of electric current’s passage through a unit volume of material. |
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| A measure of the ease with which electric current passes through a unit volume of a material. |
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Definition
| A material with a high electrical conductivity. |
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| A material with a low electrical conductivity. |
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| A material whose electrical conductivity is approximately midway between the values for good conductors and insulators. |
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Definition
| The energy band containing the valence electrons. |
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Term
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Definition
| The unfilled energy levels into which electrons can be excited to become conductive electrons. |
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Definition
| A semiconducting material that is essentially pure and for which the energy gap is small enough to be surmounted by thermal excitation; current carriers are electrons in the conduction band and holes in the valence band. |
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Definition
| A negative charge carrier. |
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Definition
| A positive charge carrier. |
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| A semiconductor whose conduction behavior is brought about by the introduction of extra electrons or positive holes by dopant species. |
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Definition
| In the band theory, local energy levels near the conduction band. |
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Definition
| In the band theory, local energy levels close to the valence band. |
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Definition
| Average uniaxial force divided by original cross sectional area. |
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Definition
| change in length of a sample divided by original length of sample |
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| The stress at which a specific amount of strain occurs in the engineering tensile test. |
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| The maximum stress in the engineering stress-strain diagram. |
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Definition
| A mode of fracture characterized by slow crack propagation. |
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Definition
| A mode of fracture characterized by rapid crack propogation. |
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Definition
| The resistance to fracture when a material is stressed. |
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| The critical value of the stress-intensity factor that causes failure. |
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Definition
| decreasing in cross sectional area |
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Term
| ductile brittle transition temperature |
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Definition
| Observed reduced ductility and fracture resistance of a material when temperature is low. |
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Term
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Definition
| If a metal deformed by a force returns to its original dimensions after the force is removed. |
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Definition
| When a metal is deformed to such an extent that is cannot fully recover. |
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| The tensile stress of a material divided by its density |
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| The tensile modulus of a material divided by its density. |
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Definition
| The composite stress produces an equal stree condition on all layers |
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Definition
| The stress causes uniform strain on all the composite layers. |
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Definition
| When no macroscopic changes take place in a system. |
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| A physically homogenous and distinct portion of a material system. |
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Definition
| The temperature at which a liquid starts to solidify under equilibrium conditions. |
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Definition
| The temperature during the solidification of an alloy at which the last of the liquid phase solidifies. |
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Term
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Definition
| a phase transformation in which all liquid phase transforms on cooling into two solid phases isothermally. |
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Definition
| The temperature at which a eutectic reaction takes place. |
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Term
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Definition
| The composition of the liquid phase that reacts to form two new solid phases at eutectic temperature. |
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Term
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Definition
| The point determined by the eutectic composition and temperature. |
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Term
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Definition
| equilibrium phase transformations involving zero degrees of freedom. |
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Term
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Definition
| one that is to the left of the eutectic point. |
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Definition
| one that is to the right of the eutectic point. |
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Definition
| An interstitial solid solution of carbon in FCC iron. Max solubility of carbon into it is 2.0 percent. |
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Term
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Definition
| an interstitial solid solution of carbon in BCC iron. Max solubility of carbon in it is .02percent. |
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Definition
| The intermetallic compound Fe3C. A hard and brittle substance. |
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Term
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Definition
| A mixture of ferrite and cementite phases in parallel plates produced by the eutectoid decomposition of austentite. |
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Definition
| A steel with 0.8 percent carbon |
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Term
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Definition
| The ease of forming martensite in a steel upon quenching from the austentite condition. |
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Term
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Definition
| A supersaturated interstitial solid solution of carbon in a body centered tetragonal iron. |
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Term
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Definition
| a nonlamellar eutectoid decomposition product of austentite. |
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Term
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Definition
| A bar is austentized and then quenched at one end. A test for hardenability. |
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Term
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Definition
| Substances at which something is composed or made. |
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Definition
| A discipline that is primarily concerned with the search for basic knowledge about the internal structure, properties and processing of materials. |
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Term
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Definition
| A discipline that is primarily concerned with the use of fundamental and applied knowledge of materials so that they can be converted into products needed by society. |
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Term
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Definition
| Inorganic materials that are characterized by high thermal and electrical conductivities. |
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Term
| Ferrous metals and alloys |
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Definition
| Metals and alloys that contain a large percentage of iron. |
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Term
| Nonferrous metals and alloys |
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Definition
| Metals and alloys that do not contain iron. |
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