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| Without, lack of, or absence of |
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| Painful, difficult, or abnormal |
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| Indicates pain, as in myalgia |
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| Denotes weakness, such as in myasthenia |
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| Signifies the absence of a normal body opening |
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| Refers to a surgical puncture to remove fluid |
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| Indicates surgical fracture,as in osteoclasia |
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| Denotes fusion or binding, such as in arthrodesis |
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| Signifies surgical removal, like laminectomy |
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| Refers to a process of recording, such as electromyography |
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| Indicates inflammation as in arthritis |
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| Relates to movement, such as bradykinesia |
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| Signifies slipping, such as spondylolisthesis (vertebral slipping) |
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| Indicates softening, such as osteomalacia (bone softening) |
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| Signifies a tumor or growth, like osteoma |
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| Indicates a condition or disease, such as osteoporosis |
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| Refers to surgical repair or reconstruction, like arthroplasty |
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| Denotes surgical suturing, such as tenorrhaphy (tendon repair) |
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| Indicates a visual examination, like arthroscopy (joint examination) |
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| Signifies surgical creation of an opening. |
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| Refers to surgical incision, such as arthrotomy |
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| Denotes partial paralysis or weakness |
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| Signifies surgical fixation, such as tenopexy |
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| Indicates surgical repair or reconstruction |
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| Indicates surgical repair or reconstruction |
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| Stiff, bent Example: Ankylosis - Abnormal stiffening and immobility of a joint due to fusion of the bones, often caused by injury or disease. |
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| Joint Example: Arthritis – Inflammation of a joint, often resulting in pain, swelling, and stiffness, which can be caused by aging, autoimmune disorders, or injury. |
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| Carpals, wrist Example: Carpectomy - Surgical removal of a carpal bone, typically performed to relieve pain or improve wrist function. |
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| Cartilage Example: Chondromalacia - Softening of cartilage, commonly affecting the knee and leading to pain and swelling during movement. |
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| Clavicle, collarbone Example: Clavicectomy - Excision of the clavicle, usually performed to treat severe fractures or chronic pain. |
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| Ribs Example: Costochondritis – Inflammation of the cartilage that connects a rib to the sternum, causing localized chest pain that can mimic heart-related conditions. |
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| Cranium Example: Craniotomy - Surgical incision into the cranium to access the brain for procedures such as tumor removal or trauma management. |
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| Electricity; electrical activity Example: Electromyography - A diagnostic test that records the electrical activity of muscles to detect neuromuscular disorders. |
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| Fascia Example: Fasciotomy - A surgical incision into fascia to relieve tension or pressure, often used to treat compartment syndrome. |
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| Fibrous connective tissue Example: Fibromyalgia - A condition characterized by widespread pain in fibrous tissues and muscles, often accompanied by fatigue and sleep disturbances. |
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| Movement, motion Example: Kinesiology - The study of movement and how the body’s muscles, bones, and joints work together to produce motion. |
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| Increased convexity of the spine Example: Kyphosis - Excessive outward curvature of the spine, leading to a hunched posture, commonly seen in older adults. |
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| Lamina (thin, flat plate or layer) Example: Laminectomy - Surgical removal of a portion of the vertebral lamina to relieve pressure on the spinal cord or nerves. |
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| Smooth (visceral) muscle that lines the walls of internal organs Example: Leiomyoma - A benign tumor of smooth muscle, often found in the uterus where it is commonly referred to as a fibroid. |
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| Bent forward, increased concavity of the spine Example: Lordosis - Excessive inward curvature of the spine, commonly affecting the lower back and sometimes leading to pain. |
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| Loin, lumbar region of the spine Example: Lumbodynia - Pain in the lumbar region, often caused by muscle strain, injury, or degenerative conditions. |
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| Mandible, lower jaw bone Example: Mandibular - Pertaining to the mandible, the largest and strongest bone of the face that holds the lower teeth. |
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| Maxilla, upper jaw bone Example: Maxillofacial - Pertaining to the maxilla and face, often referring to surgeries or treatments involving the upper jaw and facial structures. |
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| Meniscus, crescent Example: Meniscectomy - Surgical removal of a meniscus, typically done to repair damage from injury or degeneration in the knee joint. |
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| Muscle Example: Myopathy – Any disease of the muscle, often resulting in weakness, pain, or dysfunction, such as in muscular dystrophy or inflammatory myopathies. |
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| Marrow (bone), spinal cord Example: Myelitis – Inflammation of the spinal cord or bone marrow, which can cause neurological symptoms, weakness, or immune system dysfunction. |
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| Bone Example: Osteoporosis – A condition characterized by a decrease in bone density, leading to brittle bones and an increased risk of fractures, especially in the hips, spine, and wrists. |
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| Patella, kneecap Example: Patellar – Pertaining to the kneecap, a small bone that protects the knee joint and facilitates leg extension. |
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| Pelvis, pelvic bone Example: Pelvimetry – Measurement of the dimensions of the pelvis, often used in obstetrics to assess the feasibility of vaginal childbirth. |
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| Pelvis, pelvic bone Example: Pelvectomy – Surgical removal of part or all of the pelvis, typically performed to treat advanced cancers or severe trauma. |
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| Stone Example: Petrous – Resembling stone or pertaining to the petrous part of the temporal bone, which houses the inner ear structures. |
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| Bones of the fingers and toes Example: Phalangeal – Pertaining to the bones of the fingers or toes, essential for dexterity and movement. |
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| Sole of the foot Example: Plantar fasciitis – Inflammation of the fascia on the sole of the foot, causing heel pain and discomfort, often due to overuse or improper footwear. |
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| Pubis (hipbone) Example: Pubofemoral – Pertaining to the pubis and femur, such as the pubofemoral ligament, which supports the hip joint. |
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| Vertebral spine, vertebral column Example: Rachialgia – Pain in the vertebral column, often caused by conditions like arthritis, herniated discs, or muscular strain. |
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| Rod-shaped, striated Example: Rhabdomyolysis – A condition involving the breakdown of striated muscle fibers, leading to the release of muscle contents into the bloodstream, potentially causing kidney damage. |
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| Flesh, connective tissue Example: Sarcoma – A malignant tumor of connective tissue such as bone, muscle, or fat, often requiring surgical and medical treatment. |
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| Crooked, curved Example: Scoliosis – Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine, which can cause back pain, posture issues, and in severe cases, breathing difficulties |
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| Vertebra, spine, vertebral column Example: Spondylitis – Inflammation of the vertebrae, often seen in conditions like ankylosing spondylitis, causing stiffness and pain in the spine. |
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| Tarsals, ankle bones Example: Tarsalgia – Pain in the ankle bones, often caused by arthritis, injury, or overuse. |
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| tendin/o, tend/o: Tendon Example: Tenosynovitis – Inflammation of a tendon and its surrounding synovial sheath, often caused by repetitive movement or injury. |
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| Vertebra, spine, vertebral column Example: Vertebral – Pertaining to a vertebra, one of the interlocking bones that make up the spinal column, providing support and protection for the spinal cord. |
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| ACL (Anterior Cruciate Ligament) |
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| ADLs (Activities of Daily Living) |
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| AKA (Above Knee Amputation) |
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| Surgical removal of leg above the knee |
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| BKA (Below Knee Amputation) |
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| Surgical removal of leg below the knee |
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| BMD (Bone Mineral Density) |
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| CTS (Carpal Tunnel Syndrome) |
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| Nerve compression in the wrist |
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| DEXA/DXA (Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry) |
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| DJD (Degenerative Joint Disease) |
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| Test for muscle/nerve function |
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| HNP (Herniated Nucleus Pulposus) |
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| NSAID (Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug) |
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| Medication for pain/inflammation |
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| ORIF (Open Reduction Internal Fixation) |
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| Surgical repair of a fracture |
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| PCL (Posterior Cruciate Ligament) |
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| RA (Rheumatoid Arthritis) |
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| Chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease |
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| Movement capability of a joint |
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| THA/TKA (Total Hip/Knee Arthroplasty) |
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| Joint replacement surgery |
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| A specific fracture of the distal radius |
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| Herniated Nucleus Pulposus (Herniated Disc) |
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| Cervical/Thoracic/Lumbar Spine |
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