Term
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Definition
| The origin of the ethnic Iranian/Persian peoples are traced to the Ancient Iranian peoples |
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Term
| What is a sphere of influence? |
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Definition
| Area where a foriegn country controls indirectly, not as a colony |
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Term
| Who had sphere's of influence in Persia? |
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Definition
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Term
| What country established a protectorate there and what does that mean? |
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Definition
| After W.W. I the British tried to take more control – protectorate (more direct control – a puppet state) |
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Term
| Who was Reza Khan Pahlavi? |
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Definition
| 1925 – A young army officer came to power in a coup d’etat. Ruled as Shah (king) – 1925-1941 |
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Term
| What did Reza Kahn try to do in Iran? Kemal Ataturk tried to do in Turkey? What was different? |
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Definition
| Modernization/Westernization - Public schools, roads, railroads, promoted industrial growth, extended women’s rights, schools for girls, urged them to not wear the veil. |
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Term
| How was what Reza Kahn tried to do in Iran similar to Kemal Ataturk in Turkey how was it different? |
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Definition
Similar - Modernization/Westernization both secular governments
Different - Unlike Ataturk, he did became an absolute ruler - monarch |
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Term
| Who was Muhammad Reza Pahlavi and how did he gain real power as Shah in 1953? |
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Definition
| 1941 - Shah Reza Khan forced from power during World War II – Son Muhammad Reza Pahlavi becomes new Shah as a figurehead. |
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Term
| Why did Muhammad Reza Kahn coming to power lead to anger against the United States in Iran? |
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Definition
| His prime minister Prime Minister Muhammad Mossaddegh nationalized (take over, in this case from foreign companies) the Iranian oil industry. |
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Term
| What positive steps did the Shah try to continue for Iran? |
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Definition
continues Westernization, Modernization, Industrialization
Had total support from the U.S. |
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Term
| What aspects of the Shah's rule led to unrest and eventually his overthrow? Which elements of Iranian society were most upset with the Shah? |
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Definition
Gap between rich and poor very wide
Too close with the West, especially the U.S. – problems with religious traditionalists
Rules as a tyrant (secret police [Savak], informants) – fuels Islamic fundamentalist movements as does U.S. support – seen as hypocritical. |
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Term
| Who was the Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini and what role did he play in the Iranian Revolution? |
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Definition
| He led the Iranian Revolution - Had been exiled first to southern Iraq and then to France. He would make taped messages to supporters, which were then smuggled in. |
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Term
| What type of government was set up in Iran as a result of the Iranian Revolution and what changes were instituted in the country as a result of his rule? |
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Definition
| Theocracy - Stict laws based the Koran, Sharia Law - women couldn't go out in public etc.. |
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Term
| Why did the United States’ relationship with the deposed (overthrown) Shah lead to problems, including the hostage crisis? |
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Definition
| The last straw is when the Shah is allowed into the country, despite warnings from the State Department, in order to receive cancer treatment. |
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Term
| What were neighboring Arab countries and the West worried about concerning the Iranian Revolution, particularly Saddam Hussein in Iraq? |
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Definition
| Khomeini calls for Islamic Revolutions throughout Muslim world – brings Iran into conflict with other Muslim countries, particularly neighboring Iraq under Saddam Hussein |
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Term
| What was the Iranian Hostage Crisis? |
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Definition
| Hostage Crisis – U.S. Embassy Stormed – 66 Americans taken, 52 held for 444 days |
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Term
| Why did Iran and Iraq fight a war from 1980-1988 and what were the results of that conflict? |
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Definition
| Border dispute - it was a draw |
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Term
| How did the war affect the supply of oil to the world? |
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Definition
| made trading oil in the Middle East difficult lowering world supply increasing prices |
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Term
| What did Hussein do to the Kurds of northern Iraq during the Iraq - Iran war? |
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Definition
| genocide, bombed them using chemical weapons - they were not supportive of Hussein's regime and held uprisings |
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Term
| Why did Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein invade Kuwait and why did the world react the way it did? |
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Definition
| Iraq wanted Kuwait's oil supply and the world did not want Iraq to take more control of the Middle East. |
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Term
| What were the United States and the rest of the nations involved in the United Nations coalition most concerned about? |
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Definition
| Weapons of Mass Destruction |
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Term
| What is the current situation in Iraq as a result of the U.S. invasion and occupation that began in 2003? |
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Definition
| They forced Saddam Huessine out of power. U.S. is trying to make Iraq a democratic nation,now pulling out of Iraq and letting Iraq taking over. |
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Term
| What are the historical roots of this conflict as far as the internal situation in Iraq is concerned (in other words, why has it been difficult for the U.S. to continue to occupy the country and why has it been difficult to unify the country)? |
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Definition
| Lots of sectional and ethnic distrust - makes it diffcult to create a democracy |
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Term
| What reason did the U.S. give for invading Iraq in 2003? |
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Definition
| Weapons of mass destruction which were never found. |
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Term
| Why is the world concerned about Iran? |
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Definition
| They believe they are developing Nuclear Weapons. |
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Term
| Why were there protests in Iran about the new president of Iran Mahmoud Ahmedinejad? |
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Definition
| The Iranian people believed that the Iranian Presidential was corrupt and unfair. |
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