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| the ability to dow work, forms are : heat, kinetic, potential |
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| the rate of energy into a system equals energy out of the system; energy movement but the level remains constant |
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| electromagnetic waves of UV visible light, and infrared energy |
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| electromagnetic radiation |
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| wave energy that requires no medium for transfer |
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| bent light energy as it enters different density materials |
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| energy bounces off of an object |
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| stored (hidden, latent) energy, energy of phase change; energy related to height or distance form a center of gravity |
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| motion, temperature (vibration) energy |
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| energy can't be created or destroyed, only transferred |
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| energy goes from heat source (hotter object) to a heat sink (colder object) |
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| energy pulled into molecules |
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| energy sent in all direction. Water vapor causes blue sky. Dust causes sunset colors. |
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| loss of energy due to molecule collisions; causes temperature rise |
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| perfectly insulated; no heat in or out |
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| most real systems; heat in equals heat out. Example: a house and the outside environment |
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| heats slowly, cools slowly |
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| heats quickly, cools quickly |
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| heat transfer by direct contact |
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| heat transport through gases or liquids |
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| transport of energy through the vacuum of space |
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