Term
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Definition
| an active metabolic organ with many responsibilities of its own. |
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Term
| Inadequate nutrient stores in a mother during the time the placenta is being developed can cause what? |
|
Definition
| low birth weights and difficulty producing healthy children in the future (for the infant). |
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Term
| What is the most potent single indicator of an infant's future health? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is considered a low birth weight in infants? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Infants with low birth weights are... |
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Definition
| 40x more likely to die in their first year of life. |
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|
Term
| When nutrient supplies during pregnancy fail to meet demands, the fetus may adapt in a variety of way that make... |
|
Definition
| obesity and chronic diseases more likely later in life. |
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|
Term
| Low birthweight is associated with what? |
|
Definition
| lower adult IQ, short stature, and brain impairments. |
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|
Term
| Low birthweights are also associated with... |
|
Definition
| genetics, disease conditions, smoking and drug use. |
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Term
| The baby with an obese mother may be... |
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Definition
| 2x as likely to be born with a neural tube defect. |
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|
Term
| Obese women are more likely to... |
|
Definition
| require drugs to induce labour or surgical intervention. |
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Term
| Obese women are more likely to... |
|
Definition
| develop gestational diabetes, hypertension and infections after birth. |
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Term
| Both overweight and obese women have a greater risk of giving birth to infants with... |
|
Definition
| heart defects and other abnormalities. |
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|
Term
| What can affect a man's fertitility? |
|
Definition
| sedentary lifestyle, consuming too few fruits and vegetables. |
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|
Term
| What can damage sperm's genetic material? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| The developent of each organ and tissue type takes place only at a certain time, called... |
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Definition
|
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Term
| During the 1st trimester, the mother needs... |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| During the 2nd trimester, the mother needs... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During the 3rd trimester, the mother needs... |
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| fuel the fetal brain and spare the protein needed for fetal growth. |
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|
Term
| The RDA for protein during pregnancy is... |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Essential fatty acids are important for... |
|
Definition
| fetal growth and development. |
|
|
Term
| The mother's blood volume increases by... |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| A non-pregnant females needs how much folate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A pregnant female needs how much folate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A neural tube defect (NTD) occurs when... |
|
Definition
| the tube fails to close properly. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| brain development failure. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| spinal cord and backbone don't develop normally, can lead to paralysis. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| assists folate in making new cells. |
|
|
Term
| Calcium is essential for what? |
|
Definition
| maintaining the mother's bone mass while supplying fetal needs. |
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|
Term
| Magnesium is essential for... |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| ZInc is required for what? |
|
Definition
| protein synthesis and cell development. |
|
|
Term
| What can interfere with the absorption of zinc? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Blood loss during child birth drains... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Health Canada recommends all pregnant women take a multivitamin with... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Prenatal supplements are especially beneficial for women who don't eat adequately and for high risk groups like... |
|
Definition
| women carrying multiples, who smoke or use drugs and alcohol. |
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|
Term
| How much weight should a woman gain during pregnancy? |
|
Definition
| depends on pre-pregnancy weight. |
|
|
Term
| Normal women should gain about... |
|
Definition
| 1.5 kg during the first trimester. |
|
|
Term
| How much weight should the pregnant woman gain each week after the first trimester? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a dangerous condition involving hypertension and edema. |
|
|
Term
| What is the recommended weight gain for those with a BMI below 18.5? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the recommended weight gain for those with a BMI between 18.5 and 24.9? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the recommended weight gain for those with a BMI between 25 and 29.9? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the recommended weight gain for those with a BMI of 30+? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Should pregnant women be physically active? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Staying active during pregnancy... |
|
Definition
| improves fitness, facilitates labours, helps prevent/manage gestational diabetes and reduces stress. |
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|
Term
| Pregnant teens have more... |
|
Definition
| miscarriages, premature births, stillbirths and low-birthweight babies. |
|
|
Term
| Pregnant teens with a normal BMI should gain... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A deficiency in iron, zinc or other nutrients can result in what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| crave and eat soil, clay, ice, cornstarch and other non-nutritious substances. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| restricts the blood suply to the growing fetus. |
|
|
Term
| What is sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)? |
|
Definition
| unexplained death that sometimes occurs in otherwise healthy infants. |
|
|
Term
| Environmental tobacco smoke (second hand) during pregnancy increases... |
|
Definition
| risk of low birthweight and likelihood of SIDS. |
|
|
Term
| Environmental contaminants such as lead and mercury during pregnancy lead to... |
|
Definition
| impaired cognitive development. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| can cause miscarriage, stillbirth, or severe brain/other infections to fetuses and newborns. |
|
|
Term
| Symptoms of listeriosis include... |
|
Definition
| fevere, vomiting and diarrhea. |
|
|
Term
| In order to prevent listeriosis... |
|
Definition
| avoid all soft cheeses, cook meat thoroughly, use only pasteurized dairy products. |
|
|
Term
| Pregnany women should use sweeteners with... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Health Canada recommends that pregnant women consume no more than what amount of caffeine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Alcohol crosses the placenta and is... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Drinking alcohol during pregnancy can cause what? |
|
Definition
| fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). |
|
|
Term
| Symptoms of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder include... |
|
Definition
| brain damage, growth retardation, mental delay and facial abnormalities. |
|
|
Term
| The cluster of mental problems associated with prenatal alcohol exposure is know as what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The cluster of physical malformations associated with prenatal alcohol exposure is called what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Women who drink 5+ alcoholic drinks/week are more likely to produce... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| FAS is known to occur with as few as... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is gestational diabetes? |
|
Definition
| abnormal glucose tolerance appearing during pregnancy. |
|
|
Term
| Gestational diabetes can lead to what? |
|
Definition
| fetal or infant sickness or death. |
|
|
Term
| Health Canada recommends exclusive breastfeeding from... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A nursing mother produces about how much milk a day? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Women who are lactating are recommended to eat an additional how many calories? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Early warning signs of insufficient milk are... |
|
Definition
| dry diapers and infrequent bowel movements. |
|
|
Term
| The volume of breast milk produced depends on... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A nursing mother is advised to drink how much fluid to prevent dehydration? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If a mother is defecient in nutrients... |
|
Definition
| the milk produced will still contain sufficient nutrients at the expense of the mother's stores. |
|
|
Term
| Eating commonly allergenic foods can... |
|
Definition
| help prevent allergy development in the infant. |
|
|
Term
| Breasfeeding isn't recommended if... |
|
Definition
| the mother is HIV infected, has active herpes on both breasts, has untreated TB, or is severely ill. |
|
|
Term
| Lactating women who smoke... |
|
Definition
| produce less milk with a lower fat content. |
|
|
Term
| HIV can be passed from an infected mother to her infant during... |
|
Definition
| pregnancy, birth, or through breast milk. |
|
|
Term
| An infant's BMR is about... |
|
Definition
| 2x that of an adult, based on body weight. |
|
|
Term
| The newborn digestive tract is... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A single dose of vitamin K is recommended at birth to... |
|
Definition
| prevent uncontrollable bleeding. |
|
|
Term
| Benefits of breastfeeding for infants include... |
|
Definition
| hormones promote development, improves cognitive development, protects against infection (antibodies), protects against food allergies, etc. |
|
|
Term
| Benefits of breastfeeding for a mother include... |
|
Definition
| contracts uterus, delays return of regular ovulation, conserves iron stores, may protects against breast and ovarian cancer, saves money. |
|
|
Term
| Breast milk provides all the nutrients a helathy baby needs except what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The most prevelant protein(s) in breast milk is what? |
|
Definition
| alpha-lactalbumin and lactoferrin. |
|
|
Term
| What does lactoferrin do? |
|
Definition
| helps absorb iron into the infant's bloodstream, keeps intestinal bacteria from getting enough iron to grow out of control and kills certain bacteria. |
|
|
Term
| Health Canada recommends that breast-fed healthy infants recieve a daily vitamin D supplement of... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When is colostrum produced? |
|
Definition
| first 2-3 days of lactation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a pre-milk substance containing antibodies and WBCs from the mother's blood. |
|
|
Term
| What is recommended for infants who are not, or who cannot be breastfed? |
|
Definition
| iron-fortified cow's milk. |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 types of formula? |
|
Definition
| powdered (PIF), liquid concentrate, ready-to-feed. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is not sterile and has the highest risk of bacterial infection. |
|
|
Term
| Signs of readiness for "real food", typically seen by 6 months, include... |
|
Definition
| sitting up with a back support, holding head up and leaning forward. |
|
|
Term
| The iron requirement for a infant 7-12 months old is... |
|
Definition
| more than that of an adult male. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| iron-rich foods should be introduced to the infant. |
|
|
Term
| The Canadian Pediatric Society recommends: |
|
Definition
| no more than 60-120 mL of fruit juice/day when weaning the infant from breastfeeding. |
|
|
Term
| Whole, 3.25% homogenized cow's milk, can be introduced between... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How long should you wait between the introduction of new foods (possible allergens) to the infant's diet? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Do not offer babies foods with... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What shouldn't be fed to infants under 1 because of the risk of botulism? |
|
Definition
|
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