Term
| part of triangular trade that brought enslaved african americans |
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Definition
| What was the middle passage? |
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Term
| trade routes between europe, africa, and americas that formed triangles across atlantic ocean |
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Definition
| what was the triangular trade? |
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Term
-to start new life
-escape religious prosecution
-Gold, God, and Glory (3 Gs) |
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Definition
| Why did europeans immigrate to america? |
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Term
-New England=puritan=strict religion
-Middle=diverse=promoted religion freedom
- Southern=diverse=promoted slavery |
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Definition
| What cultural differences were between New England, Middle, and Southern colonies? |
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Term
-New England-RElied on: trade, small buisnesses, banking
-Middle- Relied on: Lumbering , Finance, had larger farms
-South- relied on: rice, indigo, tobacco, and cotton |
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Definition
| What economic differences were between New England, Middle, and Southern colonies? |
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Term
-competing for new land in New World (Ohio River Valley)
-Native Americans sided with French |
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Definition
| What caused FRench and Indian war? |
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Term
| permitted France to keep some of its sugar products. Britain gets Florida, spain- west of mississippi |
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Definition
| What were the terms of the Treaty of Paris 1763? What did it do? |
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Term
| British raised the prices of goods & refused to pay native americans for use of their land. Britain was in deep debt |
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Definition
| Why did britain start taxing the colonies after the French and Indian War? |
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Term
| law that established the appalachian mountains as boundary for westward |
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Definition
| What was the proclamation of 1763? |
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Term
| lowered taxes on molasses to convince american colonists to buy british molasses and stop smuggling |
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Definition
| What was the sugar act of 1764? |
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Term
- placed tax on all printed materials
-caused riots in New England ("taxation w/o representation") |
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Definition
| what was the stamp act of 1765? |
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Term
| passed by parliament stating british gov can make decisions reguarding colonies "In all causes whatsoever" |
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Definition
| What was the declaratory act of 1766? |
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Term
| taxes by british taxin tea, glass, metals, and other products |
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Definition
| What were the townshed acts of 1767? |
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Term
| to keep the British East India company from going bankrupt by exempting it from paying shipping taxes & making their tea only available in the colonies |
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Definition
| Why did britain pass the tea act of 1773? |
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Term
| protest against tea act by sons of liberty dumped 342 crated teas into boston harbor |
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Definition
| What was the boston teaparty? why did it take place? |
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Term
series of laws passd by british to punish boston for tea party
-quarting act - boston pay for destroyed tea- boston harbor closed |
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Definition
| What were the intolerable acts of 1774? name them |
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Term
| 1st gov of america. -passed resolutions-printed $- rAised army- post office |
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Definition
| wWhat was the continetal congress? what did it do? |
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Term
| lacked supplies, desertion, soldiers not paid, soldiers left when terms up |
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Definition
| What challenges did the continental arm face. |
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Term
| britsh defeated USa and took control of NYC |
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Definition
| What occured at battle of Long ISland |
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Term
| continental army suprised hessian forces on Dec 25 1776 by crossing DEleware at night then suprising them in morning |
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Definition
| what occurred at battle of trenton? |
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Term
| soldiers had few supplies, many deserted, freezing cold, shelters poor, disease. Lafayette and Steuben arrived to train soldiers |
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Definition
| DEscribe army at valley forge 1777-1778 |
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Term
| continental army defeated polish in upstate NY. Turning point because French then decided to help AMericans |
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Definition
| What occurred at battle of Saratoga? |
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Term
| Lexington and concord aprill 19 1775, "shot heard round the world' |
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Definition
| What were the first battles of the American Revolution |
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Term
| proved to british that the americans wouldnt be easy to defeat |
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Definition
| Why was the Battle of Bunker Hill important? |
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Term
| Bristish believed loyalists support in south would help defeat continental army |
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Definition
| Why did the britain war stratedy change after the battle of saratoga? |
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Term
| Bristish believed loyalists support in south would help defeat continental army |
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Definition
| Why did the britain war stratedy change after the battle of saratoga? |
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Term
| Bristish believed loyalists support in south would help defeat continental army |
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Definition
| Why did the britain war stratedy change after the battle of saratoga? |
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Term
| last major battle, cornwallis surrenders the main british army to the americans and french, US wins independence |
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Definition
| why was the battle of york town important? |
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Term
| -britian must recognize US independence and wiithdraw- Florida goes to spain- US boundaries extend from mississippi, canada, to gulf |
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Definition
| What were the terms to the treaty of paris 1783 |
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Term
| -required all 13 states to change articles-needed 9 states to pass law- didnt address territories- couldnt collect taxes or resolve issues b/w states |
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Definition
| What were some problems with the articles of confederation |
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Term
| Alexander HAmilton & other political leaders realized the ARticles of Confederation couldnt solve nations porblems |
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Definition
| Why did the founders decide to write a new constitution? |
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Term
| Judicial, Legislative, Executive |
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Definition
| What are the 3 branches of gov? |
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Term
| The sharing of gov power b/w different levels of gov(nation,state,local) |
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Definition
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Term
The practice of federalism,
judicialrules laws passed by congress&prez unconstitution
-executive-Appoints justices, vetoes bills by congress
-Legilative-impeach prez, confirm congress appointments |
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Definition
| Explain Checks and Balances |
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Term
| Theory of checks and balances, designed to make sure no branch takes complete control |
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Definition
| explain what seperation of powers is? Why did founders make up this? |
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Term
| senate(100)- House of Rep(435), Legislative |
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Definition
| Name to houses of congress, What branch is this? |
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Term
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Definition
| What branch is led by president and his cabinet? |
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Term
| Judicial, 9, chief justice is John Roberts |
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Definition
| Which branch is led by supreme court? How many justices are there? |
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Term
| !st ten amendments of constitution, basic rights |
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Definition
| What is the bill of rights? |
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Term
| combination of virginia and NJ plan, -2 house legislature, executive branch with chief legislature |
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Definition
| What is the great compromise? |
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Term
| -slave counted as 3/5 of a person- to convince south states to agree on new constitution- designed to increase representation from south in congress |
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Definition
| What was the 3/5 compromise? |
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Term
| George WAshington, may-september1787 |
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Definition
| Who was the chairman of the constitutional convention? when did it take place? |
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Term
| -purchase of land west of MS river to rocky mountains&to canada-$15million- purchased from france |
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Definition
| What was the louisianna purchase? |
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Term
| Congress viewed it as business opportunities, while President Jefferson viewed it as a scientific venture |
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Definition
| How did Jeffersons and Congress' perspective of the Lewis and CLark expendition differ? |
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Term
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Definition
| who became the commanding general of the continental army? |
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Term
| sacagawea-shone woman and slave named york |
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Definition
| Who assisted lewis and clark on their journey? |
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Term
| US sent settlers in 1820's, declared independence& fought against mexico. won idependence in 1836&annexed in 1845Sam houston as prez |
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Definition
| Explain how the US annexed texas |
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Term
| B/w SC & US Gov, Jackson lowered tarriff pf 1828. Jackson signed force ill of 1833 stating prez can make states obey federal law |
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Definition
| How did JAckson deal with the nullification crisis |
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Term
| states can "nullify" fed laws |
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Definition
| what does nullification mean? |
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Term
| Jackson believed it only bennifitted wealthy,. Bank Prez, nick biddle, apllied for charter 4 years early(to get jackson to veto it and lose pop support) Jackson wins election and withdraws all money from bank |
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Definition
| describe the "war" between Prez Jackson & bank of US |
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Term
| signed indian removal act of 1830-to relocate all native americans west of mississippi (today oklahoma) |
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Definition
| What was jacksons policy toward native americans? |
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Term
| Forced removal of Cherokee to west of Mississippi (4000 deaths) |
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Definition
| what was the trail of tears |
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Term
| time period 1815-1823(monroe) few political differences & america had patriotic spirit following was of 1812 |
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Definition
| What was the Era of Good feeling |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| waning to expand over whole continent |
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Definition
| What was manifest destiny |
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Term
| -fulfill manifest destiny-US was interested in accquiring lands held by mexico-war sarted with dispute over boundary of texas |
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Definition
| Why did US go to war with mexico? |
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Term
| Us acquired California & NM territory, US pays 15 million, Mexico has to recognize TExas as part of US |
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Definition
| What were the terms to the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo? |
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Term
| Land given up by mexico at end of war (NM territory) |
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Definition
| What wass the Mexican Cession? |
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Term
| Telegraph (Morse 1844), Steamboats&railroads, steel tip plow, mechanical reaper, cotton gin |
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Definition
| What were some inventions that made life easier on the 1900s |
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Term
| strenghtened slavery, cause now they needed more slaves to work plantations |
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Definition
| What were effects of the invention of the Cotton Gin |
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Term
| Chief justice 1800-1835, ruled in Maybury. Georgia, amd Maryland |
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Definition
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Term
| established judicial review: The right of the supreme court to determine if law is unconstitutional |
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Definition
| Why was the case Marbury vs MAdison 1803 important? |
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Term
| Cherokees sued Georgia claiming they were allowed to make own laws and stay on land based treaties. Cherokees won but were still forced out of georgia |
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Definition
| DEscribe the case Worcester vs Georgia? |
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Term
| because supreme court ruled that congress can do anything that that isnt expressed in constitution |
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Definition
| Why was the case McCulloch vs Maryland 1819 important? |
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Term
| used slaves in fields . Raised cash crops like: RIce, tobacco, indigo, & cotton |
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Definition
| What is the plantation system? |
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Term
Union: larger pop, more industry&recourses, better banking system, loyal navy, lincoln GOAL: preserve union
South:strong support, suppierior millitary power, troops on own land, GOAL: be independent |
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Definition
| List advantages and goals of civil war |
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Term
| -Union realized defeating them wouldnt be easy |
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Definition
| WHY WAS THE BATTLE OF BULL RUN SHOCKING TO THE UNION? |
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Term
| -Gave union confidence-bloddiest single day-Gave lincoln a chance to act against slavery |
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Definition
| Why was the battle of Antietam an important victory for the Union |
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Term
| They were confederate victories that forced lincoln to change commanders-Stonewall jackson was shot and dies shortly after at chancellorsville |
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Definition
| What occurred at the battle of Chancellorsville and Fredericksburg? |
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Term
| confederacy never invaded north & britain didnt join confederacy |
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Definition
| Why was teh battle of Gettysburg a turning point in the Civil War? |
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Term
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Definition
| which union general practiced "total war" while leading the March to the Sea in Georgia? |
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Term
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Definition
| Who was the commander of all union forces at the end of the war? |
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Term
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Definition
| Who was the commander of all confederate forces at the end of the war? |
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Term
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Definition
| Who was the president of the confederate states of AMerica? |
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Term
| fort Sumter-April 12 1861 |
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Definition
| What was the first battle of the civil war? |
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Term
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Definition
| What happened at the appomattox courthouse in virginia april 9, 1865 |
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Term
| -ending slavery by prez lincoln on Jan 1 1863 |
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Definition
| What was the emmancipation proclamation? |
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Term
-individuals in North wanting to end slavery
-Douglass,Lloyd,Mott |
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Definition
| Who were abolitionists? Name examples. |
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Term
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Definition
| when was gettysburg address? |
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Term
individuals who believed in goodness of human & nature. All believed sprititual or material items
-Waldo,Fuller,Thoreau,Whitman |
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Definition
| Who were Transcedentalists? name examples |
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Term
Susan B anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucrettia Mott
-equal rights,suffrance,temperance |
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Definition
| Name some leaders of the womens rights movement & what did they fight for |
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Term
13-outlaws slavery
14-prohibbits state laws from depriving people of rights
15-gov cant be segrated |
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Definition
| What were the 13,14, and 15 ammendment? |
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Term
| spain gives Fl to Us, Us pays 5 mill $ |
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Definition
| What were the terms to the Adams-Onis Treaty? |
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Term
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Definition
| Which Seminole leader fought back against the US gov durring indian removal? |
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Term
-women rights convention in Ny1848
-draft written |
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Definition
| What was the Seneca Falls convention? |
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Term
| time period after civil war 1865-1877, Us tried to rebuild |
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Definition
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Term
| James town 1607-John Smith-Tobacco |
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Definition
| What was the 1st successful settlement in the New World? Most famous leader? what crop did it sell? |
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Term
Puritans-individuals who wanted to change church of englan
Seperatist-individual who waned to seperate church of england from other churches |
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Definition
| Who were Puritans and Seperatists? |
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Term
| seperatists who established settlement of Plymouth in 1620(1st Thanksgiving) |
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Definition
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Term
Literacy tests-tests given to blacks to determine eligibility to vote
Poll taxes-taxes charged to blacks to vote |
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Definition
| What were poll taxes and literacy tests? |
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