Term
| Merton’s structural strain theory traces the origins of deviance to |
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Definition
| the tension between desired cultural goals and the means of achieving them |
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Term
| Merton’s structural strain theory traces the origins of deviance to |
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Definition
| . the tension between desired cultural goals and the means of achieving them |
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Term
| Merton explains types of deviance in terms of the amount of correspondence between ______ and ______. |
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Definition
| social norms / social structure |
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Term
| W. I. Thomas’ explanation of deviance focuses on what he called _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| Durkheim believed that the causes of suicide were |
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Definition
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Term
| Suicide among the elderly in society best fits which of Durkheim’s types of deviance? |
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Definition
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Term
| According to Durkheim, why do societies actually need deviance? |
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Definition
| in order to recognize normal behavior |
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Term
| Conflict and functionalist theories of deviance share |
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Definition
| an emphasis on the social structure in creating deviance. |
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Term
| A strength of conflict theory in terms of understanding deviance is |
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Definition
| its insight into the significance of power relationships. |
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Term
| A weakness of conflict theory in terms of understanding deviance is that it |
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Definition
| is less effective explaining forms of deviance other than crime |
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Term
| Functionalist theories of deviance |
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Definition
| view deviance as necessary in order to clarify what the norms of society are. |
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Term
| Social control theory is based on the assumptions that |
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Definition
| there is a common value system and most people feel some impulse toward deviance. |
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Term
| According to the social control theory, what is the primary reason that people internalize social norms? |
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Definition
| they care what others think of them |
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Term
| Labeling theorists would explain recidivism among convicts released from prison as |
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Definition
| caused by the difficulty in changing one’s classification as a deviant. |
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Term
| The primary weakness of labeling theory is |
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Definition
| it does not explain the reasons for the behavior that comes to be labeled as deviant |
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Term
| According to the conflict perspective, when the elite in society violate norms or laws they are not considered deviant because |
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Definition
| they have the resources to hide or mask their behavior |
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Term
| According to sociologists studying crime, |
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Definition
| both organized crime and corporate crime have an institutionalized character |
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Term
| Psychological explanations of deviance emphasize _____ as the underlying cause of deviant behavior. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following problems is an example of the medicalization of deviance? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following questions about deviance is more psychological than sociological? |
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Definition
| What is it about this person that causes them to be deviant? |
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Term
| The sociological study of gangs in the U.S. has found that |
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Definition
| joining a gang may be an adaptation to conditions of poverty, racism, and sexism. |
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Term
| In their research on the American prison system, Bruce Western and Jeffrey Reiman argue that the prison system is designed to |
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Definition
| give prisoners marketable skills that will keep them from returning to prison |
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Term
| The actions of the hijackers involved in the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks are an example of _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| The Ku Klux Klan and Neo-Nazis are both examples of which type of structural strain? |
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Definition
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Term
| Sociologists would consider crime to be a form of _____ deviance. |
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Definition
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Term
| According to differential association theory, people become deviant |
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Definition
| by learning from members of their primary groups |
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Term
| From a sociological standpoint, the situation of the rugby team stranded for months in the Andes demonstrates that eating human flesh |
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Definition
| may be a rational response to a difficult situation |
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Term
| Studies of corporate crime find that |
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Definition
| the deviant behavior is part of the routine activities of the corporation. |
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Term
| The functionalist perspective on deviance originates in the work of ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| The example of attitudes toward smoking in the U.S. demonstrates the concept that |
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Definition
| perceptions of deviance are influenced by social change. |
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Term
| W. I. Thomas’ explanation of deviance focuses on what he called _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| According to Durkheim, what factors were responsible for producing suicides? |
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Definition
| the degree of integration one has into the structure of society |
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Term
| Which of these types of crime is not included in the FBI’s Uniform Crime Report? |
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Definition
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Term
| According to ______ people behave as they do because of the meanings that they give to different situations. |
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Definition
| symbolic interaction theory |
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